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ASTM D149-97a(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of dielectric strength of solid insulating materials at commercial power frequencies, under specified conditions.,
1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the tests shall be made at 60 Hz. However, this test method may be used at any frequency from 25 to 800 Hz. At frequencies above 800 Hz, dielectric heating may be a problem.
1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction with any ASTM standard or other document that refers to this test method. References to this document should specify the particular options to be used (see ).
1.4 It may be used at various temperatures, and in any suitable gaseous or liquid surrounding medium.
1.5 This test method is not intended for measuring the dielectric strength of materials that are fluid under the conditions of test.
1.6 This test method is not intended for use in determining intrinsic dielectric strength, direct-voltage dielectric strength, or thermal failure under electrical stress (see Test Method D 3151).
1.7 This test method is most commonly used to determine the dielectric breakdown voltage through the thickness of a test specimen (puncture). It may also be used to determine dielectric breakdown voltage along the interface between a solid specimen and a gaseous or liquid surrounding medium (flashover). With the addition of instructions modifying Section , this test method may be used for proof testing.
1.8 This test method is similar to IEC Publication 243-1. All procedures in this method are included in IEC 243-1. Differences between this method and IEC 243-1 are largely editorial.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section . Also see .

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
29-Feb-2004
ICS
83.060 - Rubber
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.12 - Electrical Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D149-97a - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D202-23 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM F1826-00(2021) - Standard Specification for Live Line and Measuring Telescoping Tools
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM F1837M-97(2018) - Standard Specification for Heat-Shrink Cable Entry Seals (Metric)
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6343-14(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Thin Thermally Conductive Solid Materials for Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1676-17 - Standard Test Methods for Film-Insulated Magnet Wire
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3756-18 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Resistance to Electrical Breakdown by Treeing in Solid Dielectric Materials Using Diverging Fields
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D2413-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper and Board Impregnated with a Liquid Dielectric
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D2304-23 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Rigid Electrical Insulating Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2320-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Sheeting
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1830-17 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Flexible Sheet Materials Used for Electrical Insulation by the Curved Electrode Method
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3353-18 - Standard Test Methods for Fibrous-Insulated Magnet Wire
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6585-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Unsintered Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Extruded Film or Tape
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM F712-06(2018) - Standard Test Methods and Specifications for Electrically Insulating Plastic Guard Equipment for Protection of Workers
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5204-22 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polyamide-Imide (PAI) Molding and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2004

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ASTM D149-97a(2004) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power FrequenciesASTM D149-97a(2004) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
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ASTM D149-97a(2004) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D149 – 97a (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of
Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power
1
Frequencies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D149; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope over). With the addition of instructions modifying Section 12,
this test method may be used for proof testing.
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determina-
1.8 ThistestmethodissimilartoIECPublication243-1.All
tion of dielectric strength of solid insulating materials at
,
23 procedures in this method are included in IEC 243-1. Differ-
commercial power frequencies, under specified conditions.
encesbetweenthismethodandIEC243-1arelargelyeditorial.
1.2 Unlessotherwisespecified, thetestsshall bemadeat 60
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Hz. However, this test method may be used at any frequency
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
from 25 to 800 Hz. At frequencies above 800 Hz, dielectric
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
heating may be a problem.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
with anyASTM standard or other document that refers to this
statements are given in Section 7. Also see 6.4.1.
test method. References to this document should specify the
particular options to be used (see 5.5).
2. Referenced Documents
1.4 It may be used at various temperatures, and in any
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
suitable gaseous or liquid surrounding medium.
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
1.5 This test method is not intended for measuring the
lation
dielectric strength of materials that are fluid under the condi-
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
tions of test.
D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
1.6 This test method is not intended for use in determining
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
intrinsic dielectric strength, direct-voltage dielectric strength,
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
or thermal failure under electrical stress (see Test Method
D2413 Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper and
D3151).
Board Impregnated with a Liquid Dielectric
1.7 This test method is most commonly used to determine
D3151 Test Method for Thermal Failure of Solid Electrical
thedielectricbreakdownvoltagethroughthethicknessofatest
5
Insulating Materials Under Electric Stress
specimen (puncture). It may also be used to determine dielec-
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
tric breakdown voltage along the interface between a solid
Electrical Apparatus
specimen and a gaseous or liquid surrounding medium (flash-
D5423 Specification for Forced-Convection Laboratory
Ovens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation
2.2 IEC Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Pub. 243-1 Methods of Test for Electrical Strength of Solid
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
6
Insulating Materials—Part 1:Tests at Power Frequencies
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved March 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originally
approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D149–97a. DOI:
4
10.1520/D0149-97AR04. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Bartnikas, R., Chapter 3, “High Voltage Measurements,” Electrical Properties contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of Solid Insulating Materials, Measurement Techniques, Vol. IIB, Engineering Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Dielectrics, R. Bartnikas, Editor, ASTM STP 926, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1987. the ASTM website.
3 5
Nelson, J. K., Chapter 5, “Dielectric Breakdown of Solids,” Electrical Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
Properties of Solid Insulating Materials: Molecular Structure and Electrical on www.astm.org.
6
Behavior, Vol. IIA, Engineering Dielectrics, R. Bartnikas and R. M. Eichorn, Available from the International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Swit-
Editors, ASTM STP 783, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1983. zerland.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
...

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1.1 Precured elastomeric silicone joint sealants, hereinafter referred to as seal, are manufactured in flat, cured, extruded shapes and are primarily used to span joint openings in construction. This specification describes the properties of applied, flat shaped precured elastomeric silicone joint sealants, hereinafter referred to as applied seal, that bridge joint openings and are adhered to joint substrates utilizing a liquid applied silicone adhesive sealant, specified by the manufacturer, hereinafter referred to as adhesive to construction substrates, to seal building openings such as panel joints, metal flashing joints, or other building openings in place of conventional liquid applied sealants.  
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FIG. 1 Bridge Joint Configuration  
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FIG. 2 Beveled Bridge Joint Configuration  
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FIG. 3 U-Joint Configuration  
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Standard Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of Elastomeric Joint Sealants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are differences in opinion among those concerned with sealant technology whether or not this adhesion-in-peel test simulates the type of strain and e-tensile stresses encountered by a sealant in normal use. Nevertheless, this test provides a valuable measurement of the ability of the cured sealant to maintain a bond to the substrate under severe peel conditions.  
5.2 Many sealant manufacturers utilize the adhesion-in-peel test for determining the adhesive characteristics of sealant/primer combinations with unusual or proprietary substrates. This test is especially useful for quality measurements comparing batches of the same sealant relative to adhesion or for studying adhesion of a given sealant to a variety of substrates.  
5.3 This test method alone is not appropriate for comparing the overall performance of different sealants in a given application. The adhesive force that determines if a given sealant is useful in a given application also depends on the modulus of elasticity and the degree to which the sealant will be strained. This test, as it exists, does not consider the modulus of elasticity, nor amount of stress that will be produced by a given strain in an actual sealant in a moving joint. No known correlations are given to relate and apply modulus values to the peel values.  
5.4 This test requires that the results indicate whether the failure mode is primarily adhesive or cohesive. It is important to note that a cohesive failure is not necessarily better than an adhesive failure, if the adhesive value is sufficient for the application. Having adhesive failure allows one to study the change of adhesion with time and with the various stress conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the strength and characteristics of the peel properties of a cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealant, single- or multicomponent, for use in building construction.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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