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ASTM D7171-05(2011)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of middle distillate petroleum products using a low-resolution pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. The boiling range of distillates covered by the test method is 150 to 390°C. While this test method may be applicable to middle distillates outside this boiling range, in such cases the precision statements may not apply. The test method is generally based on Test Methods D 3701 and D 4808, with a major difference being the use of a pulsed NMR spectrometer instead of a continuous wave NMR spectrometer.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The preferred units are mass %.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2011
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.03 - Elemental Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7171-05 - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D7171-05(2016) - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Effective Date
01-Apr-2016
Referred By
ASTM D7578-20 - Standard Guide for Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3701-17 - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4054-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3343-22 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7455-19 - Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D4809-18 - Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2011
Referred By
ASTM D240-19 - Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
Effective Date
01-May-2011

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ASTM D7171-05(2011) - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyASTM D7171-05(2011) - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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ASTM D7171-05(2011) - Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7171 − 05(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Hydrogen Content of Middle Distillate Petroleum Products
by Low-Resolution Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
1
Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectros-
copy
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydro-
D5291Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
gen content of middle distillate petroleum products using a
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
low-resolution pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
and Lubricants
spectrometer. The boiling range of distillates covered by the
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
test method is 150 to 390°C. While this test method may be
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
applicable to middle distillates outside this boiling range, in
Measurement System Performance
such cases the precision statements may not apply. The test
D6708Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement
methodisgenerallybasedonTestMethodsD3701andD4808,
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
with a major difference being the use of a pulsed NMR
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
spectrometerinsteadofacontinuouswaveNMRspectrometer.
2.2 Other Documents:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
MIL-DTL-5624U Military Detail Specification, Turbine
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3
Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 and JP-5
standard.
MIL-DTL-83133EMilitary Detail Specification, Turbine
1.2.1 The preferred units are mass%.
Fuels, Aviation, Kerosene Types, NATO F-34, (JP-8),
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4
NATO F-35, and JP-8+100
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MIL-PRF-16884K Military Performance Specification,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5
Fuel, Naval Distillate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents
2 3.1.1 calibration, n—the determination of the values of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
significant parameters by comparison with values indicated by
D3701Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation
a set of calibration standards.
Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Spectrometry
3.1.2 calibration curve (or calibration line), n—the graphi-
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
cal or mathematical representation of a relationship between
Petroleum Products
the assigned (known) values of calibration standards and the
D4808 Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light
measured responses from the measurement system.
Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by
3.1.3 calibration standard, n—a standard having an as-
signed (known) value (reference value) for use in calibrating a
measurementinstrumentorsystem.Thisstandardisnotusedto
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
determine the accuracy of the measurement instrument or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
system (see check standard).
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7171–05. DOI:
10.1520/D7171-05R11.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from NavalAir Systems Command,AIR-4.4.5, Patuxent River, MD
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 20670.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASC/ENSI, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7107.
5
the ASTM website. Available from Naval Sea Systems Command, SEA03R42, Washington, DC.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7171 − 05 (2011)
3.1.4 check standard, n—a material having an assigned procurement requirement of the following military fuels: JP-5
(known) value (reference value) used to determine the accu- specified in MIL-DTL-5624U, JP-8 specified in MIL-DTL-
racyofthemeasurementinstrumentorsystem.Thisstandardis 83133E, and Naval Distillate specified in MIL-PRF-16884K.
not used to calibrate the measurement instrument or system
5.2 This test met
...

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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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1.1.1 Petroleum distillates that are substantially free of material lighter than isobutane and that have 90 % distillation points (by Test Method D86) under 327 °C (626 °F). This test method is generally applicable to gasoline (including leaded, unleaded, and oxygenated fuels), kerosine, and distillates in the gas oil range that fall in the following limits:    
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Note 1: These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.  
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ASTM D7213-23(Test Method)
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of light and medium petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining process, This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 This test method extends the scope of boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include light and medium petroleum distillate fractions beyond the scope of Test Method D2887 (538 °C) and below Test Method D6352 (700 °C).  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. This test method is applicable to petroleum distillates having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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ASTM D2890-23(Test Method)
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5.1 Heat capacities obtained by this method are those at atmospheric pressure. However, because the temperature range is low, the calculated values are similar to saturated liquid heat capacities in the temperature-pressure range required for most engineering design.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of liquid heat capacity, Btu/lb · °F (kJ/kg · K), at atmospheric pressure, of petroleum fuels for which distillation data may be obtained in accordance with Test Method D86 without reaching a decomposition point prior to obtaining 90 % by volume distilled.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.  
Note 1: For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color − 16, see Test Method D1500.  
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
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ASTM D7152-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
5.4 Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations.  
5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
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ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
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1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
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1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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