ASTM F2931-19a

Standard Guide for Analytical Testing of Substances of Very High Concern in Materials and Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The REACH Candidate list classifies substances as SVHCs thus making them subject to possible authorization. Compliance to the REACH regulation requires that any identified SVHC be present at a concentration of less than 0.1 % (w/w) of the total article weight to avoid triggering a reporting obligation. This guide is intended to assist in the identification of available test methods for quantitative analysis of the substance(s) of interest.  
5.2 When possible, industry accepted standard test methods are cited. However, industry vetted test methods are not available for all of the substances contained in the REACH Candidate List. Thus, some caution and due diligence must be exercised when applying some of the methods listed in this guide.  
5.3 In some cases, test methods for the identification and quantification of a specific substance are not available. An example would include CoCl2. Methods currently in practice involve the individual determination of Co and Cl concentrations and use other sources of information or chemical judgment to assign the expected CoCl2 concentration. This approach obviously has its limitations and pitfalls and must be used judiciously.  
5.4 Under the REACH regulation, EU manufacturers, importers or distributors of articles containing more than 0.1 % (w/w) of a substance that the Agency has listed as being an SVHC shall provide their customers with the name of the substance and information allowing the safe use of the article. Producers and distributors of articles containing SVHC shall also supply the same information to consumers, upon request. In situations where this information is not readily available from the supply chain it is incumbent upon the supplier to collect this information through actual chemical analysis or other means. This guide is intended to assist in the selection of appropriate test methods in the event that chemical analysis is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide contains a list of potential test methods for the analysis of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) as designated by ECHA, the European Chemicals Agency. Information on the test methods cited is publicly available and is drawn from a variety of sources. The guide is intended to assist in the selection of test methods that are applicable for the SVHCs identified.  
1.2 The specific SVHCs covered within this guide are compiled from the ECHA Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern. This list is also referred to as the REACH Candidate List.  
1.3 This guide specifically addresses methods for the analysis of SVHCs in products. It is not intended to cover the many and varied analysis challenges associated in the manufacturing environment.  
1.4 Limitations:  
1.4.1 This guide is intended to provide a compilation of available test methods for the SVHCs listed on the ECHA Candidate list and is not intended to be exhaustive. The test methods within this guide are not the only ones available for any specific substances and this guide does not recommend any specific test method.  
1.4.2 Test methods for specific substances at the detection limits required for REACH reporting are not always available. In some cases, it is necessary to deduce the quantity of substance present through the analysis and quantification of its elements. Although this approach is routinely used some degree of uncertainty exists in the final result due to the reduced specificity of the test method.  
1.4.3 Although this guide is intended to be updated on a periodic basis to capture new developments in the field, there is no assurance that the information provided is the most current.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 13.300 - Protection against dangerous goods
• Technical Committee: F40 - Declarable Substances in Materials
• Drafting Committee: F40.02 - Management Practices and Guides

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F2931-19 - Standard Guide for Analytical Testing of Substances of Very High Concern in Materials and Products
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM D7968-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Polyfluorinated Compounds in Soil by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM D5831-23 - Standard Practice for Screening Fuels in Soils
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM F2853-10(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lead in Paint Layers and Similar Coatings or in Substrates and Homogenous Materials by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Multiple Monochromatic Excitation Beams
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D3335-85a(2020) - Standard Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2020
• Refers: ASTM D7823-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Level Phthalates in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Plastics by Thermal Desorption—Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2020
• Refers: ASTM D7823-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Level Phthalates in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Plastics by Thermal Desorption—Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1385-07(2018)e1 - Standard Test Method for Hydrazine in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4309-18 - Standard Practice for Sample Digestion Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating Technique for the Determination of Total Metals in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2018
• Refers: ASTM D7065-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A, <emph type="bdit" >p-tert</emph>-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM D5831-17 - Standard Practice for Screening Fuels in Soils
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017
• Refers: ASTM D7968-17a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Polyfluorinated Compounds in Soil by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017
• Refers: ASTM D7968-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Polyfluorinated Compounds in Soil by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2017
• Refers: ASTM D7823-16 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Low Level, Regulated Phthalates in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Plastics by Thermal Desorption&#x2014;Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-May-2016
• Refers: ASTM F2576-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Declarable Substances in Materials (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2015

Overview

ASTM F2931-19a: Standard Guide for Analytical Testing of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in Materials and Products provides crucial guidance for identifying appropriate test methods to analyze SVHCs in products, particularly those listed in the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) REACH Candidate List. Compliance with the REACH regulation obligates manufacturers, importers, and distributors of articles to correctly identify and report if SVHCs are present above the designated threshold of 0.1% (w/w) of the total product weight. This standard assists stakeholders in navigating available methods to ensure accurate, reliable determination of SVHC content, supporting regulatory compliance and promoting safe use of materials and products.

Key Topics

• Scope of the Guide: Focuses on analytical testing methods for substances identified in the REACH Candidate List as SVHCs, compiling publicly available methods sourced from various internationally recognized standards.
• Practical Limitations: Recognizes gaps where industry-standard methods may not exist for all SVHCs, requiring professional judgment and validation when alternate or non-standard methods are used.
• Compliance Requirements: Highlights REACH obligations regarding the detection, quantification, and reporting of SVHCs, stressing the need for robust analytical data in cases where supply chain information is insufficient.
• Definitions and Terminology: Clarifies terms relevant to SVHCs and their testing, drawing from established sources for consistency across industries.
• Test Method Considerations: Addresses factors such as sample preparation, matrix effects, and the necessity to document deviations from standard procedures.

Applications

The ASTM F2931-19a standard guide is widely applicable across various industries that manufacture, import, or distribute products into markets regulated by REACH or similar chemical management frameworks. Practical uses include:

• Product Compliance Assessment: Ensuring that consumer goods, electronic equipment, polymers, pigments, and specialty chemicals do not exceed permissible SVHC concentrations.
• Supply Chain Due Diligence: Supporting due diligence when SVHC content information is unavailable from upstream suppliers, necessitating in-house testing or third-party analytical services.
• Selection of Test Methods: Assisting laboratories and quality managers in choosing suitable analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), based on material type and SVHC properties.
• Implementation of Safety Protocols: Guiding organizations on best practices for test validation, result interpretation, and regulatory reporting to prevent non-compliance and ensure product stewardship.
• Documentation: Providing a framework for the correct identification, labeling, and communication of SVHCs in articles, aiding in the safe use of products by end-users and consumers.

Related Standards

ASTM F2931-19a references and aligns with a range of related standards and international guidelines, enhancing its practical value for organizations operating globally:

• ASTM D1971, D3335, D3545, D7065, D7485, D7823, D7968, E1621, F2853: These standards cover specific analytical techniques and sample preparation protocols relevant to SVHC determination.
• IEC 62321: International standard for determining levels of regulated substances in electrotechnical products.
• Joint Industry Guide JIG-101: Provides guidance for material composition declarations in the electronics industry.
• European Union Regulation 1907/2006 (REACH): Legislative framework underlying the Candidate List of SVHCs and criteria for authorization and communication.
• ASTM F2576: Establishes terminology relating to declarable substances in materials.

By following ASTM F2931-19a, organizations can build robust compliance programs, minimize regulatory risks, and enhance product safety through diligent analytical testing for substances of very high concern. This contributes to sustainable supply chains and greater confidence among stakeholders and consumers.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2931 − 19a
Standard Guide for
Analytical Testing of Substances of Very High Concern in
Materials and Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1 This guide contains a list of potential test methods for
standard.
the analysis of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) as
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
designated by ECHA, the European Chemicals Agency. Infor-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mation on the test methods cited is publicly available and is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
drawnfromavarietyofsources.Theguideisintendedtoassist
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
in the selection of test methods that are applicable for the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
SVHCs identified.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 The specific SVHCs covered within this guide are
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
compiledfromtheECHACandidateListofSubstancesofVery
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
High Concern. This list is also referred to as the REACH
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Candidate List.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 This guide specifically addresses methods for the analy-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
sis of SVHCs in products. It is not intended to cover the many
and varied analysis challenges associated in the manufacturing
2. Referenced Documents
environment.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 Limitations:
D1257 Specification for High-Gravity Glycerin
1.4.1 This guide is intended to provide a compilation of
D1385 Test Method for Hydrazine in Water
available test methods for the SVHCs listed on the ECHA D1971 Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Deter-
Candidate list and is not intended to be exhaustive. The test
minationofMetalsbyFlameAtomicAbsorption,Graphite
methods within this guide are not the only ones available for
Furnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma Emission
anyspecificsubstancesandthisguidedoesnotrecommendany
Spectroscopy, or Plasma Mass Spectrometry
specific test method.
D3335 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead,
1.4.2 Test methods for specific substances at the detection
Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption
limits required for REACH reporting are not always available. Spectroscopy
In some cases, it is necessary to deduce the quantity of
D3545 Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity of
substance present through the analysis and quantification of its Acetate Esters by Gas Chromatography
elements. Although this approach is routinely used some
D4309 Practice for Sample Digestion Using Closed Vessel
degree of uncertainty exists in the final result due to the Microwave Heating Technique for the Determination of
reduced specificity of the test method.
Total Metals in Water
1.4.3 Although this guide is intended to be updated on a D5292 Test Method for Aromatic Carbon Contents of Hy-
periodic basis to capture new developments in the field, there
drocarbon Oils by High ResolutionNuclear Magnetic
is no assurance that the information provided is the most Resonance Spectroscopy (Withdrawn 2018)
current.
D5831 Practice for Screening Fuels in Soils
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F40 on Declarable For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Substances in Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F40.02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Management Practices and Guides. Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as F2931 – 19. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F2931-19A. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2931 − 19a
D7065 Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, 3.2.3 Joint Industry Guide—An industry standard of the
Bisphenol A, p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoeth- Electric Industries Alliance that “establishes the relevant sub-
oxylate and Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental stances as well as reporting thresholds that the industry agrees
Waters by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry should govern material content disclosures.”
D7485 Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol,
3.2.4 phthalates—also known as phthalate esters, are esters
p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and
of phthalic acid primarily used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl
Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by
chloride or as solvents for many different types of consumer
Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
products.
D7823 Test Method for Determination of Low Level Phtha-
3.2.5 plasticizer—any of a group of substances used in
lates in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Plastics by Thermal
plastics and other materials to control viscosity, flexibility or
Desorption—Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
softness of the finished product.
D7968 Test Method for Determination of Polyfluorinated
3.2.6 Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC)—
Compounds in Soil by Liquid Chromatography Tandem
substances that have hazards of serious consequences and meet
Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
the criteria for carcinogenic, mutagenic and reproductive toxic
E1621 Guide for ElementalAnalysis by Wavelength Disper-
substances of category 1 and 2.
sive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
3.2.6.1 Discussion—SVHC can be persistent, bioaccumula-
F2576 Terminology Relating to Declarable Substances in
tive and toxic (PBT) substances or very persistent and very
Materials
bioaccumulative (VPvB) substances. Other substances giving
F2853 Test Method for Determination of Lead in Paint
rise to an equivalent level of concern as potential SVHC
Layers and Similar Coatings or in Substrates and Homog-
include endocrine disruptors.
enous Materials by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluores-
cence Spectrometry Using Multiple Monochromatic Ex-
3.3 Acronyms:
citation Beams
3.3.1 AAS—Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
2.2 European Commission:
3.3.2 AED—Atomic Emission Detection
Article 57 of the European Union Regulation #1907/2006
3.3.3 AES—Atomic Emission Spectrometry
2.3 International Electrotechnical Commission TC111:
3.3.4 AFS—Atomic Fluorescence Spectometry
IEC 62321 Electrotechnical Products – Determination of
3.3.5 BFR—Brominated Flame Retardant
Levels of Six Regulated Substances (Lead, Mercury,
Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Polybrominated
3.3.6 CAS—Chemical Abstract Services
Biphenyls, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers)
3.3.7 CES—Specialty Chemicals Europe Silicones, Sili-
2.4 Joint Industry Guide (JIG):
cones Europe
JIG-101 Material Composition Declaration for Electrotech-
3.3.8 CMR—Carcinogenic, Mutagenic and Toxic to Repro-
nical Products. Ed 4.0, 2011
duction
3.3.9 COE—Coke Oven Emissions
3. Terminology
3.3.10 CPSC—United States Consumer Product Safety
3.1 Definitions:
Commission
3.1.1 Terms and definitions related to declarable substances
in materials may be found in Terminology F2576. 3.3.11 CTPV—Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
3.1.2 Terms and definitions in the guide not found in
3.3.12 cVMS—Cyclic Volatile Methyl Siloxanes
Terminology F2576 are found in a common dictionary or other
3.3.13 DMF—Dimethylformamide
reference documents such as the ASTM Dictionary of Engi-
3.3.14 ECD—Electron Capture Detection
neering Science & Technology.
3.3.15 ECHA—European Chemicals Agency
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 article—“an object which during production is given a 3.3.16 ECNI—Electron Capture Negative Ion
special shape, surface or design which determines its function
3.3.17 EDXRF—Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
toagreaterdegreethanitschemicalcomposition”asdefinedin
3.3.18 EEE—Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Article 3(3) of the REACH Regulation.
3.3.19 EIA—Electronic Industries Alliance
3.2.2 brominated flame retardant—a group of brominated
3.3.20 EPA—United States Environmental Protection
organic compounds that are used to inhibit initiation of a fire.
Agency
3.3.21 EU—European Union
Europese Commissie, B-1049, Brussels, Belgium, http://ec.europa.eu/index_
3.3.22 FID—Flame Ionization Detection
en.htm.
Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de
3.3.23 FL—Fluorescence
Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
3.3.24 FLAA—Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Available from the Consumer Electronics Association, 1919 S. Eads St.
Arlington, VA 22202, http://www.ce.org
3.3.25 FPD—Flame Photometric Detection
ASTM Dictionary of Engineering Science & Technology, 10th Edition.
Available from www.astm.org. 3.3.26 GC-MS—Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
F2931 − 19a
3.3.27 GFAA—Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spec- 5.3 In some cases, test methods for the identification and
trometry quantification of a specific substance are not available. An
example would include CoCl . Methods currently in practice
3.3.28 GFF—Glass Fiber Filters 2
involve the individual determination of Co and Cl concentra-
3.3.29 HAFID—Hydrogen Atmosphere Flame Ionization
tions and use other sources of information or chemical judg-
Detection
ment to assign the expected CoCl concentration. This ap-
3.3.30 HFAA—Heptaflurobutyric acid anhydride
proach obviously has its limitations and pitfalls and must be
3.3.31 HIPS—High Impact Polystyrene used judiciously.
3.3.32 HPLC—High Performance (or Pressure) Liquid 5.4 Under the REACH regulation, EU manufacturers, im-
Chromatography
porters or distributors of articles containing more than 0.1 %
(w/w) of a substance that the Agency has listed as being an
3.3.33 ICP-MS—Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spec-
SVHC shall provide their customers with the name of the
trometry
substance and information allowing the safe use of the article.
3.3.34 ICP-OES—Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical
Producers and distributors of articles containing SVHC shall
Emission Spectrometry
also supply the same information to consumers, upon request.
3.3.35 IR—Infrared Spectrometry
In situations where this information is not readily available
3.3.36 LC-MS-MS—Liquid Chromatography-Tandem from the supply chain it is incumbent upon the supplier to
collect this information through actual chemical analysis or
3.3.37 MSP—Microspectrophotometer
other means. This guide is intended to assist in the selection of
3.3.38 NIOSH—United States National Institute for Occu-
appropriate test methods in the event that chemical analysis is
pational Health and Safety
required.
3.3.39 PAH—Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
6. Substance List and Uses
3.3.40 PTFE—Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)
6.1 The substances listed in Table 1 were derived from the
3.3.41 PVC—Polyvinyl Chloride
ECHA SVHC Candidate List published from October 2008 to
3.3.42 REACH—Registration, Evaluation andAuthorization
July 2019. Any substances that have been subsequently added
of Chemicals
after July 2019 are not included.
3.3.43 RoHS—Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous
6.2 The CAS or EU numbers are unique identifiers for the
Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment
substance. It is possible for a particular substance to have one
3.3.44 UV-VIS—UltraViolet-Visible Spectrometry
or more commonly used names.
3.3.45 XRF—X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
6.3 Common uses of the substance help to identify in which
products or materials these substance is likely to be found.
4. Summary of Guide
Note that the list of common uses is not exhaustive.
4.1 This guide provides a list of test methods for the
determination of the Substances of Very High Concern as
7. SVHC Test Methods
identifiedintheREACHCandidatelist.Screeningmethodsare
7.1 This guide is not intended to be exhaustive in the
discussed in Appendix X2.
identificationofavailabletestmethods.Theintentistoprovide
4.2 This guide provides identifiers for each substance such
guidanceandsomeexamplesofavailabletestmethodsrelevant
aschemicalname,synonyms,chemicalformulas,CASandEU
to the required analysis. Some of the SVHCs do not have
numbers.
industrystandardtestmethodsassociatedwiththem.Literature
citations of these non-standard methods are meant to be for
4.3 Common uses for each of the substances are identified.
information only.
5. Significance and Use
7.2 Standard test methods do not exist for all of the SVHCs
5.1 The REACH Candidate list classifies substances as listed. Therefore, the test methods cited for those substances
SVHCs thus making them subject to possible authorization.
must be validated for analytical accuracy before use in regu-
Compliance to the REACH regulation requires that any iden- latory compliance demonstration. Moreover, when a method is
tified SVHC be present at a concentration of less than 0.1 %
applied outside of its intended scope, validation of the altered
(w/w) of the total article weight to avoid triggering a reporting method is required. Considerations such as sample matrix,
obligation. This guide is intended to assist in the identification
analytical requirements, etc. for the intended analysis will
of available test methods for quantitative analysis of the determine its applicability. All deviations from the published
substance(s) of interest.
method must be clearly noted.
5.2 When possible, industry accepted standard test methods
NOTE 1—If a standardized method is used beyond the stated scope, that
are cited. However, industry vetted test methods are not addition must be validated. All deviations from published methods must
be documented.
available for all of the substances contained in the REACH
Candidate List. Thus, some caution and due diligence must be
exercised when applying some of the methods listed in this
ECHA, European chemical agency, Candidate List of substances of very high
guide. concern for Authorisation, https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 SVHC Substances and Their Common Uses
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
4,4’- 4,4’-Methylene- 101-77-9 202-974-4 C H N Converted to methylenedipheny diisocyanate (MDI). MDI used for
13 14 2
Diaminodiphenylmethane dianiline, MDA polyurethane production. Other uses include: (1) hardener for epoxy
resins and adhesives, (2) basic ingredient of colorant, and (3)
intermediate for high-performance polymer.
5-tert-Butyl-2.4.6-Trinitro-m- Musk Xylene (2,4,6- 81-15-2 201-329-4 C H N O Used as a fragrant particularly for consumer cosmetic products.
12 15 3 6
Xylene Trinitro-1,3-dimethyl-
5-t-butylbenzene)
Alkanes, C10-13, chloro Short Chain 85535-84-8 287-476-5 C H Cly May act as a secondary plasticizer or flame retardant in PVC. Other
x (2X-y+2)
-13
Chlorinated Paraffins where x=10 uses include: (1) metal working lubricant, (2) rubber parts, (3) paints,
-13
(SCCP) and y=1 (4) sealant, (5) leather work, and (6) fiber.
Anthracene Paranaphthalene 120-12-7 204-371-1 C H An intermediate in the production of dyes; used in the manufacturer
14 10
of pyrotechnic products.
Benzyl butyl phthalate Phthalic acid, benzyl 85-68-7 201-622-7 C H O Plasticizer in flooring material such as PVC foam. Other uses are as
19 20 4
butyl ester a plasticizer in traffic cones, food conveyor belts, artificial leather,
etc.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Dioctylphthalate 117-81-7 204-211-0 C H O Commonly used as a platicizer in manufacturing of articles made of
24 38 4
PVC, resins, rubbers, packaging materials, some paper products,
and various medical devices, including the blood bags. It can also be
found in some hydraulic fluids or dielectric fluids in capacitors. It is
often found in coatings, pigments, textiles, or used as a solvent in
light sticks.
Bis (tributyltin) oxide Distannoxane, 56-35-9 200-268-0 C H OSn Primarily used as a biocide for boats, mildew proofing for leather
24 54 2
hexabutyl- work.
Cobalt dichloride Cobaltous Chloride 7646-79-9 231-589-4 CoCl This substance can be used for (1) humidity indicator, (2) absorbent
of ammonia gas, (3) gas mask, (4) production for vitamin B 2, (5)
trace amount of nutrient factor for food, (6) trace amount of element
for nitric-acid pesticides, (7) solvent in purifying magnesium.
Additionally, it may be used for packaging.
Diarsenic pentaoxide Diarsenic Pentoxide 1303-28-2 215-116-9 As O This substance can be used for (1) colorants, (2) metal refining, (3)
2 5
special glass production, and (4) antiseptic agent for wood.
Diarsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide 1327-53-3 215-481-4 As O This substance can be used for (1) decolorants for glasses and
2 3
enamel, (2) purifying and oxidizing agent in production of special
glasses and lead crystal, (3) antiseptic agent for wood, and (4)
medicine for leukemia.
Dibutyl phthalate 1,2- 84-74-2 201-557-4 C H O Common plasticizer used in various polymers to keep crystals from
16 22 4
Benzenedicarboxylic forming. It is also used in paints, pigments, or printing inks as an
acid di-n-butyl ester adhesive agent. It is soluble in various organic solvents. This
property allows it to be used as fixatives in perfumes or as an
ectoparasiticide.
Hexabromocyclododecane Cyclododecane, 25637-99-4 247-148-4 C H Br Used as a brominated flame retardant for polystyrene materials, for
12 18 6
hexabromo-isomers example,, HIPS case material and packaging.
Lead hydrogen arsenate Lead Acid Arsenate 7784-40-9 232-064-2 (AsO H)Pb Insecticide or pesticide
Sodium dichromate dihydrate Sodium Bichromate 7789-12-0 234-190-3 Na Cr O .2H O Used for: (1) production of other chromium compounds, (2)
2 2 7 2
production of inorganic chromate pigments, (3) preservative
supplement, finishing of metal plating, (4) production of vitamin K.
Triethyl arsenate Arsenic acid Triethyl 15606-95-8 427-700-2 (C H O) AsO Used for integrated circuit manufacturing as an intermediate for
2 5 3
Ester n-type doping of semiconductors.
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene 121-14-2 204-450-0 C H N O 2,4-dinitrotoluene is used in the production of toluene diisocyanate,
7 6 2 4
which is used for the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams.
The substance is also used as gelatinizing-plasticizing agent for the
manufacture of explosive mixtures (for example, for airbags in cars).
Aluminosilicate Refractory VITREOUS 142844-00-6 Refractory ceramic fibres are used for high-temperature insulation,
Ceramic Fibres almost exclusively in industrial applications (insulation of industrial
furnaces and equipment, equipment for the automotive and aircraft/
aerospace industry) and in fire protection (buildings and industrial
process equipment).
F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
Anthracene oil Anthracene Phenanthrene Carbazole 90640-80-5 292-602-7 C H The substances are mainly used in the manufacture of other
14 10
C H N substances such as anthracene and carbon black. They may also be
12 9
used as reducing agents in blast furnances, as components in
bunker fuel, for impregnating, sealing and corrosion protection.
Anthracene oil, anthracene paste Anthracene Phenanthrene Carbazole 90640-81-6 292-603-2 C H The substances are mainly used in the manufacture of other
14 10
C H N substances such as anthracene and carbon black. They may also be
12 9
used as reducing agents in blast furnances, as components in
bunker fuel, for impregnating, sealing and corrosion protection.
Anthracene oil, anthracene paste, Anthracene Phenanthrene Carbazole 91995-15-2 295-275-9 C H The substances are mainly used in the manufacture of other
14 10
anthracene fraction C H N substances such as anthracene and carbon black. They may also be
12 9
used as reducing agents in blast furnances, as components in
bunker fuel, for impregnating, sealing and corrosion protection.
Anthracene oil, anthracene paste, Anthracene Phenanthrene Carbazole 91995-17-4 295-278-5 C H The substances are mainly used in the manufacture of other
14 10
distn. lights C H N substances such as anthracene and carbon black. They may also be
12 9
used as reducing agents in blast furnances, as components in
bunker fuel, for impregnating, sealing and corrosion protection.
Anthracene oil, anthracene-low Anthracene Phenanthrene Carbazole 90640-82-7 292-604-8 C H The substances are mainly used in the manufacture of other
14 10
C H N substances such as anthracene and carbon black. They may also be
12 9
used as reducing agents in blast furnances, as components in
bunker fuel, for impregnating, sealing and corrosion protection.
Diisobutyl phthalate Bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2- 84-69-5 201-553-2 C H O Diisobutyl phthalate is used as plasticiser for nitrocellulose, cellulose
16 22 4
dicarboxylate ether, polyacrylate and polyacetate dispersions, and as a gelling aid
in combination with other plasticisers, which are widely used for
plastics, lacquers, adhesives, explosive material and nail polish.
Lead chromate Lead(2+) chromate 7758-97-6 231-846-0 CrH O .Pb Lead chromate is used for manufacturing pigments and dyes, as a
2 4
pigment or coating agent in industrial and maritime paint products or
for embalming/restoring of art products. Further potential uses
include as detergents and bleaches, photosensitive materials and for
the manufacture of pyrotechnic powder.
Lead chromate molybdate Lead(2+) chromate lead(2+) sulfate 12656-85-8 235-759-9 CrH O .Pb Lead chromate molybdate sulphate red (C.I. Pigment Red 104) is
2 4
sulphate red (C.I. Pigment Red 104) lead(2+) molybdate H O S.Pb used as a colouring, painting and coating agent in sectors such as
2 4
PbMoO the rubber, plastic and paints, coatings and varnishes industries.
Applications comprise the production of agricultural equipment,
vehicles and aircraft as well as road and airstrip painting.
Lead sulfochromate yellow Lead(2+) chromate lead(2+) sulfate 1344-37-2 215-693-7 CrH O .Pb Lead sulfochromate yellow (C.I. Pigment Yellow 34) is used as a
2 4
(C.I. Pigment Yellow 34) H O S.Pb colouring, painting and coating agent in sectors such as the rubber,
2 4
plastic and paints, coatings and varnishes industries. Applications
comprise the production of agricultural equipment, vehicles and
aircraft as well as road and airstrip painting. The substance is further
used for camouflage or ammunition marking in the defence area.
Pitch, coal tar, high temperature anode pitch, binder pitch, clay pigeon 65996-93-2 266-028-2 not applicable Pitch, coal tar, high temperature is mainly used in the production of
binder, electrode pitch, hard pitch, electrodes for industrial applications. Smaller volumes are dedicated
impregnating pitch, soft pitch, vacuum to specific uses such as heavy duty corrosion protection, special
pitch purpose paving, manufacture of other substances and the production
of clay targets.
Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate 115-96-8 204-118-5 C H Cl O P Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate is mainly used as an additive plasticiser
6 12 3 4
and viscosity regulator with flame-retarding properties for acrylic
resins, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride and other polymers. Other
fields of application are adhesives, coatings, flame-resistant paints
and varnishes. The main industrial branches to use TCEP are the
furniture, the textile and the building industry.
Zirconia Aluminosilicate Refractory ceramic fibres are used for high-temperature insulation,
Refractory Ceramic Fibres almost exclusively in industrial applications (insulation of industrial
furnaces and equipment, equipment for the automotive and aircraft/
aerospace industry) and in fire protection (buildings and industrial
process equipment).
F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
Acrylamide Prop-2-enamide 79-06-1 201-173-7 C H NO Acrylamide is almost exclusively used for the synthesis of
3 5
polyacrylamides, which are used in various applications, in particular
in waste water treatment and paper processing. Minor uses of
acrylamide comprise the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for
research purposes and as grouting agents in civil engineering.
Ammonium dichromate Diammonium dichromate, Ammonium 7789-09-5 232-143-1 Cr H O .2H N Ammonium dichromate is mainly used as an oxidising agent. Other
2 2 7 3
bichromate, ammonium chromate, known uses are in the manufacture of photosensitive screens and as
chromic acid [H Cr O ] diammonium mordant in the manufacture of textiles. Minor uses seem to comprise
2 2 7
salt, diammonium dichromate, dichromic metal treatment and laboratory analytical agent.
acid diammonium salt
Boric acid 10043-35-3 233-139-2 BH O Boric acid is widely used on account of its consistency-influencing,
3 3
11113-50-1 234-343-4 flame-retarding, antiseptic and preservative properties. It is a
component of detergents and cleaners, adhesives, toys, industrial
fluids, brake fluids, glass, ceramics, flame retardants, paints,
disinfectants, cosmetics, food additives, fertilisers, insecticides and
other products.
Disodium tetraborate, Disodium tetraborate decahydrate, 1303-96-4 215-540-4 Na B O ·10H O Disodium tetraborate and tetraboron disodium heptaoxide form the
2 4 7 2
anhydrous Disodium tetraborate anhydrous, 1330-43-4 Na B O same compounds in aqueous solutions. Uses include a multitude of
2 4 7
Disodium tetraborate pentahydrate, 12179-04-3 Na B O ·5H O applications, for example, in detergents and cleaners, in glass and
2 4 7 2
borax decahydrate, boric acid, disodium glass fibres, ceramics, industrial fluids, metallurgy, adhesives, flame
salt, borax pentahydrate retardants, personal care products, biocides, fertilisers.
Potassium chromate Dipotassium chromate, Bipotassium 7789-00-6 232-140-5 K CrO Potassium chromate is used as a corrosion inhibitor for treatment
2 4
chromate, Dipotassium monochromate, and coating of metals, for manufacture of reagents, chemicals and
Bipotassium monochromate, Neutral textiles, as a colouring agent in ceramics, in the manufacture of
potassium chromate, Potassium pigments/inks and in the laboratory as analytical agent.
chromate (VI), Chromate of potash
(potass), Chromic acid dipotassium salt
Potassium dichromate Chromic acid [H Cr O ] dipotassium 7778-50-9 231-906-6 K Cr O Potassium dichromate is used for chrome metal manufacturing and
2 2 7 2 2 7
salt, dichromic acid dipotassium salt, as corrosion inhibitor for treatment and coating of metals. It is further
dipotassium bichromate, dipotassium used as textile mordant, as laboratory analytical agent, for cleaning
dichromate, Lopezite, potassium of laboratory glassware, in the manufacture of other reagents and as
bichromate, potassium dichromate[VI], oxidising agent in photolithography.
dipotassium dichromium hepta-oxide
Sodium chromate Disodium chromate, Sodium 7775-11-3 231-889-5 Na CrO Sodium chromate is mainly used as an intermediate in the
2 4
monochromate, Disodium chromium manufacture of other chromium compounds as well as a laboratory
tetraoxide analytical agent, but this use is limited. Other potential uses are
mentioned in the literature but whether they occur in the EU is not
clear.
Tetraboron disodium 12267-73-1 235-541-3 B Na O .x Disodium tetraborate and tetraboron disodium heptaoxide form the
4 2 7
heptaoxide, hydrate H O same compounds in aqueous solutions. Uses include a multitude of
applications, for example, in detergents and cleaners, in glass and
glass fibres, ceramics, industrial fluids, metallurgy, adhesives, flame
retardants, personal care products, biocides, fertilisers.
Trichloroethylene Acetylene trichloride, Ethinyl trichloride, 79-01-6 201-167-4 C HCl Trichlororethylene is mainly used as intermediate in the manufacture
2 3
Trichloroethene, TRI, TRIC, 1-Chloro- of chlorinated and fluorinated organic compounds. Other uses are for
2,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,2- cleaning and degreasing of metal parts or as solvent in adhesives.
Trichloroethylene, Trilene, Triklone® ,
Trimar. Industrial abbreviations include
trichloroethylene, trichlor, Trike, Tricky
and trichloroethylene.
Chromium trioxide Trioxochromium 1333-82-0 215-607-8 CrO Formulation of mixtures containing chromium trioxide, which are
mainly used for for example, metal finishing/surface treatment or in
much smaller amounts as catalysts containing chromium trioxide.
Acids generated from chromium Dichromic acid (H Cr O ), hydroxy- 13530-68-2 236-881-5 Cr H O Chromic acid, dichromic acid and oligomers of chromic and
2 2 7 2 2 7
trioxide and their oligomers (hydroxy(dioxo)chromio)oxy- 7738-94-5 231-801-5 CrH O dichromic acid are spontaneously generated products of the reaction
2 4
dioxochromium, Chromic acid (H CrO ), of chromic trioxide with water. Refer to the uses for chromium
2 4
dihydroxy(dioxo)chromium trioxide.

F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
Cobalt (II) sulphate Sulfuric acid, cobalt(2+) salt (1:1), 10124-43-3 233-334-2 CoH O S Mainly used in the production of other chemicals. Further
2 4
applications may include manufacture of catalysts and driers, surface
treatments (such as electroplating), corrosion prevention, production
of pigments, decolourising (in glass, pottery), batteries, animal food
supplement, soil fertilizer, and others.
Cobalt (II) dinitrate 10141-05-6 233-402-1 CoN O Mainly used in the production of other chemicals and the
2 6
manufacture of catalysts. Further applications may include surface
treatment and batteries.
Cobalt (II) carbonate 513-79-1 208-169-4 CoCO Mainly used in the manufacture of catalysts. Minor uses may include
feed additive, production of other chemicals, production of pigments,
and adhesion (in ground coat frit).
Cobalt (II) diacetate Cobalt di(acetate) 71-48-7 200-755-8 C H CoO Mainly used in the manufacture of catalysts. Minor uses may include
4 6 4
production of other chemicals, surface treatment, alloys, production
of pigments, dyes, rubber adhesion, and feed additive.
2-Methoxyethanol ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; 109-86-4 203-713-7 C H O Mainly used as solvent, chemical intermediate and additive for fuels.
3 8 2
EGME, Ethanol, 2-methoxy-
2-Ethoxyethanol ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; EGEE, 110-80-5 203-804-1 C H O Mainly used as solvent and chemical intermediate.
4 10 2
Ethanol, 2-ethoxy-
2-ethoxyethyl acetate Ethanol, 2-ethoxy-, acetate, Ethylglycol 111-15-9 203-839-2 C H O As solvent in coatings and in the chemical industry, intermediate in
6 12 3
acetate; ethylene glycol mono ethyl the manufacture of cyanoacrylate adhesives.
ether acetate; 2-EEA; acetic acid,
2-ethoxyethyl ester; ethoxyethanol
acetate
Strontium chromate Chromic acid (H CrO ), strontium salt 7789-06-2 232-142-6 SrCrO As corrosion inhibitor in coating mixtures used in the aeronautic /
2 4 4
(1:1), Chromium diolatodioxo-strontium aerospace sector, in the coil coating sector of steel and aluminium
salt (1:1), C.I. Pigment Yellow 32, Deep and in the vehicle coating sector.
Lemon Yellow, Strontium chromate (VI),
Strontium Yellow
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, Di-C -11-(linear and branched)-alkyl 68515-42-4 271-084-6 C H O – As plasticiser in PVC, foam, adhesives and coatings.
7 22 34 4
di-C7-11 branched and linear phthalate, Dialkyl phthalate (C -11) C H O
7 30 50 4
alkyl esters branched and linear phthalate ester;
711P; D711P; Di-711-phthalate;
Dialkyl(C -11-branched and linear)
phthalate (DHNUP); Di(heptyl, nonyl,
undecyl) phthalate (mixed isomers);
Phthalic acid, dialkyl (C -C 1) ester;
7 1
Santicizer 711
Hydrazine H 0; H 0 (fuel); Levoxine; Nitrogen 7803-57-8 206-114-9 H N As intermediate in the manufacture of hydrazine derivatives, as a
7 7 4 2
hydride(N H );Oxytreat 35 302-01-2 monomer in polymerisations, as a corrosion inhibitor in water
2 4
10217-52-4 treatment and for metal reduction and refining of chemicals. It is also
used as a propellant for aerospace vehicles and as fuel in military
(emergency) power units.
F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-, 872-50-4 212-828-1 C H NO As solvent in coatings, cleaning products, for electronic equipment
5 9
1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-one, manufacture, as well as in semiconductor industry, petrochemical
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone processing, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
1-Methyl-5-pyrrolidinone
1-Methylazacyclopentan-2-one
1-Methylpyrrolidone
AgsolEx 1
M-Pyrol
Microposit 2001
N 0131
N-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinone
N-Methyl-α-pyrrolidone
N-Methyl-γ-butyrolactam
N-Methyl-2-ketopyrrolidine
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
N-Methylbutyrolactam
N-Methylpyrrolidone
NMP
NSC 4594
Pharmasolve
Pyrol M
SL 1332
1,2,3-trichloropropane Propane, 1,2,3-trichloro-, Allyl trichloride; 96-18-4 202-486-1 C H Cl Intermediate in the manufacture of chlorinated solvents and
3 5 3
Glycerol trichlorohydrin; Glyceryl agricultural products. It is also used as monomer. In the past, it was
trichlorohydrin; NSC 35403; used as solvent, paint and varnish remover and as degreasing
Trichlorohydrin; agent.
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, C -8-(branched)-Alkyl benzene-1,2- 71888-89-6 276-158-1 As plasticiser in PVC and in sealants, coatings and potentially
di-C6-8-branched alkyl esters, dicarboxylate, C -8-(branched)-Alkyl printing inks.
C7-rich phthalate, Diisoheptyl phthalate, DIHP
Dichromium tris(chromate) Chromic acid (H CrO ), chromium(3+) 24613-89-6 246-356-2 Cr O In mixtures for metal surface treatment in the aeronautic/aerospace,
2 4 5 12
salt (3:2), Dichromium(3+) trichromate, CrH O .2/3Cr steel, and aluminium coating industries.
2 4
Chromic chromate, Chromium (III)
chromate, Dichromium Trischromate,
Accomet C; other trade names are
confidential
Potassium hydroxyoctaoxodizincatedi- 11103-86-9 234-329-8 Aeronautic/ aerospace coating, steel and aluminium coil coating, and
chromate vehicle coating.
Pentazinc chromate octahydroxide Zinc chromate hydroxide 49663-84-5 256-418-0 CrH O Zn Vehicle coating and aeronautic / aerospace coating.
8 12 5
(Zn5(CrO )(OH)8), Zinc
tetraoxychromate, Zinc tetroxy
chromate, Zinc chromate, hydroxide,
Basic zinc chromate, Zinc chromate,
Trizinc, dioxido(dioxo)chromium
dihydroxide
Formaldehyde, oligomeric reaction Formaldehyde, polymer with 25214-70-4 500-036-1 (C H N.CH O)x Manufacture of other substances. Minor uses are as ion exchange
6 7 2
products with aniline (technical MDA) benzenamine, polymeric MDA3, PMDA, resins in nuclear power plants, as hardener for epoxy resins.
MDA, technical grade, crude MDA
Bis(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2- 117-82-8 204-212-6 C H O Plasticiser in polymeric materials and paints, lacquers and varnishes,
14 18 6
bis(2methoxyethyl) ester, including printing inks.
Di(methoxyethyl) phthalate,
Bis(methylglycol) phthalate
2-Methoxyaniline; o-Anisidine Benzenamine, 2-methoxy-, 90-04-0 201-963-1 C H NO Manufacture of dyes for tattooing and coloration of paper, polymers
7 9
2-methoxybenzenamine and aluminium foil.
4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenol, 4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol, 140-66-9 205-426-2 C H O Manufacture of polymer preparations and of ethoxylate surfactants.
14 22
(4-tert-Octylphenol) Phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)- Also used as a component in adhesives, coatings, inks and rubber
articles.
F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
1,2-Dichloroethane Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-, Ethylene 107-06-2 203-458-1 C H Cl Manufacture of other substances. Minor uses as solvent in chemical
2 4 2
dichloride, dichloroethylene, 1,2-DCE,, and pharmaceutical industries.
1,2-EDC
Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether Ethane, 1,1’-oxybis[2-methoxy-, 111-96-6 203-924-4 C H O Used primarily as a reaction solvent or process chemical in a wide
6 14 3
1-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, variety of applications. Also used as solvent for battery electrolytes,
Diglyme, DEGDME, and possibly in sealants, adhesives, fuels and automotive care
Diethylenglycoldimethylether, products.
Dimethyldiglycol, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-1-
methoxyethane, 2,5,8-Trioxanonane,
Di(2, Methoxyethyl) ether, Dimethyl
carbitol, Ether, bis(2-methoxyethyl), 1,1’-
Oxybis[2-methoxyethane],
Methyldiglyme, (CAS registry numbers
still in use: 70-992-86-8, 54631-70-8,
142939-39-7 although deleted in CAS,
registry)
Arsenic acid Arsenic acid (H AsO ), arsenic acid, 7778-39-4 231-901-9 AsH O Mainly used to remove gas bubbles from ceramic glass melt (fining
3 4 3 4
trihydroxidooxidoarsenic (IUPAC 2005), agent) and in production of laminated printed circuit boards. Also
Orthoarsenic acid used in the manufacture of semiconductors and as laboratory agent.
Calcium arsenate Arsenic acid (H AsO ), calcium salt 7778-44-1 231-904-5 As Ca O Present in complex raw materials that are used mainly for copper
3 4 2 3 8
(2:3), Tricalcium(2+) diarsenate, Arsenic and lead refining. Also used to precipitate nickel from the molten
acid calcium salt; calcium orthoarsenate; metal and to manufacture diarsenic trioxide.
tricalcium arsenate
Trilead diarsenate Arsenic acid (H AsO ), lead salt (2:3), 3687-31-8 222-979-5 As O Pb Present in complex raw materials for manufacture of copper, lead
3 4 2 8 3
Trilead (2+) diarsenate, Lead (II) and a range of precious metals.
arsenate, lead arsenate
N,N-dimethylacetamide Acetamide, N,N-dimethyl-, 127-19-5 204-826-4 C H N O Used as solvent, mainly in the manufacture of various substances
4 9
(DMAC) Acetdimethylamide, DMA, DMAA, and in the production of fibres for clothing. Also used as reagent,
DMAc, Dimethylamide acetate, N,N- and in products such as industrial coatings, insulation paper,
Dimethylethanamide polyimide films, paint strippers and ink removers.
2,2’-Dichloro-4,4’-methylene- 4,4’-methylenebis[2-chloroaniline], 101-14-4 202-918-9 C H Cl N Mainly used as curing agent in resins and in the production of
13 12 2 2
dianiline (MOCA) Benzenamine, 4,4’-methylenebis[2- polymer articles and also for manufacture of other substances.
chloro-, Bisamine A, 2,2’-Dichloro-4,4’-
methylenedianiline, 3,3’-Dichloro-4,4’-
diaminodiphenylmethane, Bis(4-amino-
3-chlorophenyl)methane
Phenolphthalein 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3,3-bis(4- 77-09-8 201-004-7 C H O Mainly used as laboratory agent (pH indicator solutions). Minor uses
20 14 4
hydroxyphenyl)-; 3,3-Bis(4- are in pharmaceutical preparations and in some special applications.
hydroxyphenyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one;
3,3-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)phthalide; 3,3-
Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalide; 3,3-
Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1(3H)-
isobenzofuranone
Lead azide Lead diazide Lead azide (Pb(N )2); Lead(2+) diazide 13424-46-9 236-542-1 N Pb Mainly used as initiator or booster in detonators for both civilian and
3 6
military uses and as initiator in pyrotechnic devices.
Lead styphnate lead 2,4,6-trinitro-m-phenylene dioxide; 15245-44-0 239-290-0 C HN O Pb Mainly used as a primer for small calibre and rifle ammunition. Other
6 3 8
1,3-Benzenediol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) common uses are in ammunition pyrotechnics, powder actuated
salt (1:1); Lead(2+) 2,4,6- devices and detonators for civilian use.
trinitrobenzene-1,3-diolate; 2,4-Dioxa-3-
plumbabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-1(9),5,7-triene;
3,3didehydro-6,8,9-trinitro-; Lead,
[styphnato(2-)]-; Resorcinol, 2,4,6-
trinitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1); Lead
styphnate; Lead tricinate; Lead
trinitroresorcinate; Tricinat
F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
Lead dipicrate Phenol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt 6477-64-1 229-335-2 C H N O Pb The substance is an explosive like lead diazide and lead styphnate.
12 4 6 14
(2:1); Lead(2+) bis(2,4,6-
trinitrophenolate); Lead, bis(picryloxy)-;
Phenol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt;
Picric acid, lead(2+) salt; Lead(II) picrate
1,2-bis(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethane 2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane; Triglyme; 112-49-2 203-977-3 C H O Triglyme is used as an inert solvent for grignard-, reduction- and
8 18 4
(TEGDME; triglyme) TEGDME Triethylene glycol dimethyl alkylation-reactions. Reactions involving alkali metals can be carried
ether; Ansul Ether 161; DMTG; Ethane, out in triglyme and alkali metal dispersions in triglyme are used for
1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-; Glyme 4; etching of Teflon and Fluoropolymers. Triglyme is also used as an
Hisolve MTM; Methyltriglyme; NSC inert solvent for reduction reactions using Sodium borohydride and
66400 used as a solvent to carry out methylation reactions using dimethyl
carbonate (and other dialkyl carbonates). Triglyme is also used as
part of absorbing liquids in the industrial cleaning of gases. Triglyme
has been reported to be used in Brake fluids.
1,2-Dimethoxyethane; ethylene Ethane, 1,2-dimethoxy-; EGDME; 110-71-4 203-794-9 C H O EGDME is used as a solvent or processing aid in the manufacture or
4 10 2
glycol dimethyl ether (EGDME) Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; 1,2- formulation of industrial chemicals. The large majority of the EGDME
Dimethoxyethane; 1,2-Ethanediol, sold by the producer is used as a site limited processing aid for
dimethyl ether; 2,5-Dioxahexane;DME; industrial chemical manufacture.
DME (glycol ether); Dimethyl Cellosolve;
Ethylene dimethyl ether; Glycol dimethyl
ether; Glyme;Hisolve MMM;
Monoethylene glycol dimethyl ether;
Monoglyme; NSC 60542; α,β-
Dimethoxyethane.
Ammoniumpentadecafluoro APFO 3825-26-1 223-320-4 C H NF NO PFOA is used as a group name for PFOA and its salts, and PFOA is
8 4 15 2
otanoate (APFO) mainly produced and used as its ammonium salt,
ammoniumpentadecafluorootanoate (APFO, CAS Number: 3825-26-
1). However, the perfluorooctanoate anion is the molecule of primary
interest. APFO and PFOA are sometimes used interchangeably as
both PFO-anion and PFOA (neutral species) exist in solution.

F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
C.I. Basic Blue 26 ([4-[[4-anilino-1- Methanaminium, N-[4-[[4- 2580-56-5 219-943-6 C H ClN Basic Blue 26 is used in inks, dyes, paints, and pigments. Among
33 32 3
naphthyl][4-(dimethylamino) (dimethylamino)phenyl][4-(phenylamino)- potential uses registered by companies in the Colour Index (2012)7,
phenyl]methylene]cyclohexa 1-naphthalenyl]methylene]-2,5- for products (dyestuff) containing Basic Blue 26, are in printing inks
-2,5-dien-1-ylidene] cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methyl-, (according to Gessner and Mayer, 2000, melted in oleic or stearic
dimethylammonium chloride) chloride (1:1); 4-{[4- acid), spirit inks, and pigments. According to Denmal et al. (2010),
(Dimethylamino)phenyl][4- blue and black ball point pen inks may contain Basic Blue 26; with
(phenylamino)naphthalen-1- around 80% of blue and black ball point pen inks containing “Basic
yl]methylidene}-N,N-dimethylcyclohexa- Violet 3 and its homologues”.
2,5-dien-1-iminium Chloride; C.I. Basic
Blue 26; Methanaminium, N-[4-[[4-
(dimethylamino)phenyl][4-(phenylamino)-
1-naphthalenyl]methylene]-2,5-
cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methyl-;
chloride; Victoria Blue B; ADC Victoria
Blue B; Aizen Victoria Blue BH; BTK
Victoria Blue; Basazol C Blue 57; Basic
Blue; 26; Basic Blue B; Basic Victoria
Blue B; Basonyl Blue 640; Basonyl Blue
644; Basovict Victoria Blue; C-WR Blue
8; C.I. 44045; Calcozine Blue B;
Conbasic Blue AK; Dycosbasic Victoria
Blue B; Flexo Blue 630; Flexo Blue 640;
Hecto Blue B; Hidaco Victoria Blue B;
Libbase Victoria Blue LB; Lowacryl Blue
26; Mitsui Victoria Blue B; Ravi Victoria
Blue ;Tertrophene Blue; Victoria Blue;
Victoria Blue 2B; Victoria Blue B 353;
Victoria Blue B chloride; Victoria Blue
BA; Victoria Blue BH; Victoria Blue BN;
Victo
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2931 − 19 F2931 − 19a
Standard Guide for
Analytical Testing of Substances of Very High Concern in
Materials and Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide contains a list of potential test methods for the analysis of Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) as
designated by ECHA, the European Chemicals Agency. Information on the test methods cited is publicly available and is drawn
from a variety of sources. The guide is intended to assist in the selection of test methods that are applicable for the SVHCs
identified.
1.2 The specific SVHCs covered within this guide are compiled from the ECHA Candidate List of Substances of Very High
Concern. This list is also referred to as the REACH Candidate List.
1.3 This guide specifically addresses methods for the analysis of SVHCs in products. It is not intended to cover the many and
varied analysis challenges associated in the manufacturing environment.
1.4 Limitations:
1.4.1 This guide is intended to provide a compilation of available test methods for the SVHCs listed on the ECHA Candidate
list and is not intended to be exhaustive. The test methods within this guide are not the only ones available for any specific
substances and this guide does not recommend any specific test method.
1.4.2 Test methods for specific substances at the detection limits required for REACH reporting are not always available. In
some cases, it is necessary to deduce the quantity of substance present through the analysis and quantification of its elements.
Although this approach is routinely used some degree of uncertainty exists in the final result due to the reduced specificity of the
test method.
1.4.3 Although this guide is intended to be updated on a periodic basis to capture new developments in the field, there is no
assurance that the information provided is the most current.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1257 Specification for High-Gravity Glycerin
D1385 Test Method for Hydrazine in Water
D1971 Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Determination of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace
Atomic Absorption, Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, or Plasma Mass Spectrometry
D3335 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D3545 Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity of Acetate Esters by Gas Chromatography
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F40 on Declarable Substances in Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F40.02 on
Management Practices and Guides.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2019Dec. 1, 2019. Published March 2019January 2020. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20172019 as
F2931 – 17.F2931 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/F2931-19.10.1520/F2931-19A.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2931 − 19a
D4309 Practice for Sample Digestion Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating Technique for the Determination of Total Metals
in Water
D5292 Test Method for Aromatic Carbon Contents of Hydrocarbon Oils by High ResolutionNuclear Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopy (Withdrawn 2018)
D5831 Practice for Screening Fuels in Soils
D7065 Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A, p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and
Nonylphenol Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
D7485 Test Method for Determination of Nonylphenol, p-tert-Octylphenol, Nonylphenol Monoethoxylate and Nonylphenol
Diethoxylate in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
D7823 Test Method for Determination of Low Level Phthalates in Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Plastics by Thermal Desorption—Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
D7968 Test Method for Determination of Polyfluorinated Compounds in Soil by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass
Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
E1621 Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
F2576 Terminology Relating to Declarable Substances in Materials
F2853 Test Method for Determination of Lead in Paint Layers and Similar Coatings or in Substrates and Homogenous Materials
by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Multiple Monochromatic Excitation Beams
2.2 European Commission:
Article 57 of the European Union Regulation #1907/2006
2.3 International Electrotechnical Commission TC111:
IEC 62321 Electrotechnical Products – Determination of Levels of Six Regulated Substances (Lead, Mercury, Cadmium,
Hexavalent Chromium, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers)
2.4 Joint Industry Guide (JIG):
JIG-101 Material Composition Declaration for Electrotechnical Products. Ed 4.0, 2011
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Terms and definitions related to declarable substances in materials may be found in Terminology F2576.
3.1.2 Terms and definitions in the guide not found in Terminology F2576 are found in a common dictionary or other reference
documents such as the ASTM Dictionary of Engineering Science & Technology.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 article—“an object which during production is given a special shape, surface or design which determines its function to
a greater degree than its chemical composition” as defined in Article 3(3) of the REACH Regulation.
3.2.2 brominated flame retardant—a group of brominated organic compounds that are used to inhibit initiation of a fire.
3.2.3 Joint Industry Guide—An industry standard of the Electric Industries Alliance that “establishes the relevant substances
as well as reporting thresholds that the industry agrees should govern material content disclosures.”
3.2.4 phthalates—also known as phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid primarily used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride
or as solvents for many different types of consumer products.
3.2.5 plasticizer—any of a group of substances used in plastics and other materials to control viscosity, flexibility or softness
of the finished product.
3.2.6 Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC)—substances that have hazards of serious consequences and meet the criteria
for carcinogenic, mutagenic and reproductive toxic substances of category 1 and 2.
3.2.6.1 Discussion—
SVHC can be persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) substances or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (VPvB)
substances. Other substances giving rise to an equivalent level of concern as potential SVHC include endocrine disruptors.
3.3 Acronyms:
3.3.1 AAS—Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
3.3.2 AED—Atomic Emission Detection
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Europese Commissie, B-1049, Brussels, Belgium, http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm.
Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
Available from the Consumer Electronics Association, 1919 S. Eads St. Arlington, VA 22202, http://www.ce.org
ASTM Dictionary of Engineering Science & Technology, 10th Edition. Available from www.astm.org.
F2931 − 19a
3.3.3 AES—Atomic Emission Spectrometry
3.3.4 AFS—Atomic Fluorescence Spectometry
3.3.5 BFR—Brominated Flame Retardant
3.3.6 CAS—Chemical Abstract Services
3.3.7 CES—Specialty Chemicals Europe Silicones, Silicones Europe
3.3.8 CMR—Carcinogenic, Mutagenic and Toxic to Reproduction
3.3.9 COE—Coke Oven Emissions
3.3.10 CPSC—United States Consumer Product Safety Commission
3.3.11 CTPV—Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
3.3.12 cVMS—Cyclic Volatile Methyl Siloxanes
3.3.13 DMF—Dimethylformamide
3.3.14 ECD—Electron Capture Detection
3.3.15 ECHA—European Chemicals Agency
3.3.16 ECNI—Electron Capture Negative Ion
3.3.17 EDXRF—Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
3.3.18 EEE—Electrical and Electronic Equipment
3.3.19 EIA—Electronic Industries Alliance
3.3.20 EPA—United States Environmental Protection Agency
3.3.21 EU—European Union
3.3.22 FID—Flame Ionization Detection
3.3.23 FL—Fluorescence
3.3.24 FLAA—Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
3.3.25 FPD—Flame Photometric Detection
3.3.26 GC-MS—Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
3.3.27 GFAA—Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
3.3.28 GFF—Glass Fiber Filters
3.3.29 HAFID—Hydrogen Atmosphere Flame Ionization Detection
3.3.30 HFAA—Heptaflurobutyric acid anhydride
3.3.31 HIPS—High Impact Polystyrene
3.3.32 HPLC—High Performance (or Pressure) Liquid Chromatography
3.3.33 ICP-MS—Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry
3.3.34 ICP-OES—Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry
3.3.35 IR—Infrared Spectrometry
3.3.36 LC-MS-MS—Liquid Chromatography-Tandem
3.3.37 MSP—Microspectrophotometer
3.3.38 NIOSH—United States National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety
3.3.39 PAH—Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
3.3.40 PTFE—Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)
3.3.41 PVC—Polyvinyl Chloride
3.3.42 REACH—Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals
3.3.43 RoHS—Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment
3.3.44 UV-VIS—UltraViolet-Visible Spectrometry
3.3.45 XRF—X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 This guide provides a list of test methods for the determination of the Substances of Very High Concern as identified in the
REACH Candidate list. Screening methods are discussed in Appendix X2.
F2931 − 19a
4.2 This guide provides identifiers for each substance such as chemical name, synonyms, chemical formulas, CAS and EU
numbers.
4.3 Common uses for each of the substances are identified.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The REACH Candidate list classifies substances as SVHCs thus making them subject to possible authorization. Compliance
to the REACH regulation requires that any identified SVHC be present at a concentration of less than 0.1 % (w/w) of the total
article weight to avoid triggering a reporting obligation. This guide is intended to assist in the identification of available test
methods for quantitative analysis of the substance(s) of interest.
5.2 When possible, industry accepted standard test methods are cited. However, industry vetted test methods are not available
for all of the substances contained in the REACH Candidate List. Thus, some caution and due diligence must be exercised when
applying some of the methods listed in this guide.
5.3 In some cases, test methods for the identification and quantification of a specific substance are not available. An example
would include CoCl . Methods currently in practice involve the individual determination of Co and Cl concentrations and use other
sources of information or chemical judgment to assign the expected CoCl concentration. This approach obviously has its
limitations and pitfalls and must be used judiciously.
5.4 Under the REACH regulation, EU manufacturers, importers or distributors of articles containing more than 0.1 % (w/w) of
a substance that the Agency has listed as being an SVHC shall provide their customers with the name of the substance and
information allowing the safe use of the article. Producers and distributors of articles containing SVHC shall also supply the same
information to consumers, upon request. In situations where this information is not readily available from the supply chain it is
incumbent upon the supplier to collect this information through actual chemical analysis or other means. This guide is intended
to assist in the selection of appropriate test methods in the event that chemical analysis is required.
6. Substance List and Uses
6.1 The substances listed in Table 1 were derived from the ECHA SVHC Candidate List published from October 2008 to June
2018.July 2019. Any substances that have been subsequently added after June 2018July 2019 are not included.
6.2 The CAS or EU numbers are unique identifiers for the substance. It is possible for a particular substance to have one or more
commonly used names.
6.3 Common uses of the substance help to identify in which products or materials these substance is likely to be found. Note
that the list of common uses is not exhaustive.
7. SVHC Test Methods
7.1 This guide is not intended to be exhaustive in the identification of available test methods. The intent is to provide guidance
and some examples of available test methods relevant to the required analysis. Some of the SVHCs do not have industry standard
test methods associated with them. Literature citations of these non-standard methods are meant to be for information only.
7.2 Standard test methods do not exist for all of the SVHCs listed. Therefore, the test methods cited for those substances must
be validated for analytical accuracy before use in regulatory compliance demonstration. Moreover, when a method is applied
outside of its intended scope, validation of the altered method is required. Considerations such as sample matrix, analytical
requirements, etc. for the intended analysis will determine its applicability. All deviations from the published method must be
clearly noted.
NOTE 1—If a standardized method is used beyond the stated scope, that addition must be validated. All deviations from published methods must be
documented.
7.3 In many cases, test methods that are specific for a particular substance have not been developed. Therefore, the approach
to quantitative analysis is not straightforward. A combination of test methods and the use of logical assumptions are required. These
assumptions shall be clearly articulated because they will determine the limitations of the approach.
7.4 Screening methods can be utilized to determine whether a detectable amount of a substance is present. In many situations
the application of a screening process can obviate the need to perform full quantitative analysis. See Appendix X2 for more
information on screening methodologies.
7.5 In some cases, sample preparation methods are dependent upon the physical state of the sample to be analyzed. For many
of the test methods, several sample preparation references are cited when applicable.
7.6 In some cases, limitations in the sample preparation method cited in Appendix X1.2 can produce a sample for analysis that
is non-optimal. Incomplete extraction, incomplete digestion, loss of analyte, etc. often require adjustments to the sample
ECHA, European chemical agency, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation, https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table.
F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 SVHC Substances and Their Common Uses
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
4,4’- 4,4’-Methylene- 101-77-9 202-974-4 C H N Converted to methylenedipheny diisocyanate (MDI). MDI used for
13 14 2
Diaminodiphenylmethane dianiline, MDA polyurethane production. Other uses include: (1) hardener for epoxy
resins and adhesives, (2) basic ingredient of colorant, and (3)
intermediate for high-performance polymer.
5-tert-Butyl-2.4.6-Trinitro-m- Musk Xylene (2,4,6- 81-15-2 201-329-4 C H N O Used as a fragrant particularly for consumer cosmetic products.
12 15 3 6
Xylene Trinitro-1,3-dimethyl-
5-t-butylbenzene)
Alkanes, C10-13, chloro Short Chain 85535-84-8 287-476-5 C H Cly May act as a secondary plasticizer or flame retardant in PVC. Other
x (2X-y+2)
-13
Chlorinated Paraffins where x=10 uses include: (1) metal working lubricant, (2) rubber parts, (3) paints,
-13
(SCCP) and y=1 (4) sealant, (5) leather work, and (6) fiber.
Anthracene Paranaphthalene 120-12-7 204-371-1 C H An intermediate in the production of dyes; used in the manufacturer
14 10
of pyrotechnic products.
Benzyl butyl phthalate Phthalic acid, benzyl 85-68-7 201-622-7 C H O Plasticizer in flooring material such as PVC foam. Other uses are as
19 20 4
butyl ester a plasticizer in traffic cones, food conveyor belts, artificial leather,
etc.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Dioctylphthalate 117-81-7 204-211-0 C H O Commonly used as a platicizer in manufacturing of articles made of
24 38 4
PVC, resins, rubbers, packaging materials, some paper products,
and various medical devices, including the blood bags. It can also be
found in some hydraulic fluids or dielectric fluids in capacitors. It is
often found in coatings, pigments, textiles, or used as a solvent in
light sticks.
Bis (tributyltin) oxide Distannoxane, 56-35-9 200-268-0 C H OSn Primarily used as a biocide for boats, mildew proofing for leather
24 54 2
hexabutyl- work.
Cobalt dichloride Cobaltous Chloride 7646-79-9 231-589-4 CoCl This substance can be used for (1) humidity indicator, (2) absorbent
of ammonia gas, (3) gas mask, (4) production for vitamin B 2, (5)
trace amount of nutrient factor for food, (6) trace amount of element
for nitric-acid pesticides, (7) solvent in purifying magnesium.
Additionally, it may be used for packaging.
Diarsenic pentaoxide Diarsenic Pentoxide 1303-28-2 215-116-9 As O This substance can be used for (1) colorants, (2) metal refining, (3)
2 5
special glass production, and (4) antiseptic agent for wood.
Diarsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide 1327-53-3 215-481-4 As O This substance can be used for (1) decolorants for glasses and
2 3
enamel, (2) purifying and oxidizing agent in production of special
glasses and lead crystal, (3) antiseptic agent for wood, and (4)
medicine for leukemia.
Dibutyl phthalate 1,2- 84-74-2 201-557-4 C H O Common plasticizer used in various polymers to keep crystals from
16 22 4
Benzenedicarboxylic forming. It is also used in paints, pigments, or printing inks as an
acid di-n-butyl ester adhesive agent. It is soluble in various organic solvents. This
property allows it to be used as fixatives in perfumes or as an
ectoparasiticide.
Hexabromocyclododecane Cyclododecane, 25637-99-4 247-148-4 C H Br Used as a brominated flame retardant for polystyrene materials, for
12 18 6
hexabromo-isomers example,, HIPS case material and packaging.
Lead hydrogen arsenate Lead Acid Arsenate 7784-40-9 232-064-2 (AsO H)Pb Insecticide or pesticide
Sodium dichromate dihydrate Sodium Bichromate 7789-12-0 234-190-3 Na Cr O .2H O Used for: (1) production of other chromium compounds, (2)
2 2 7 2
production of inorganic chromate pigments, (3) preservative
supplement, finishing of metal plating, (4) production of vitamin K.
Triethyl arsenate Arsenic acid Triethyl 15606-95-8 427-700-2 (C H O) AsO Used for integrated circuit manufacturing as an intermediate for
2 5 3
Ester n-type doping of semiconductors.
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene 121-14-2 204-450-0 C H N O 2,4-dinitrotoluene is used in the production of toluene diisocyanate,
7 6 2 4
which is used for the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams.
The substance is also used as gelatinizing-plasticizing agent for the
manufacture of explosive mixtures (for example, for airbags in cars).
Aluminosilicate Refractory VITREOUS 142844-00-6 Refractory ceramic fibres are used for high-temperature insulation,
Ceramic Fibres almost exclusively in industrial applications (insulation of industrial
furnaces and equipment, equipment for the automotive and aircraft/
aerospace industry) and in fire protection (buildings and industrial
process equipment).
Anthracene oil Anthracene Phenanthrene Carbazole 90640-80-5 292-602-7 C H The substances are mainly used in the manufacture of other
14 10
C H N substances such as anthracene and carbon black. They may also be
12 9
F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
used as reducing agents in blast furnances, as components in
bunker fuel, for impregnating, sealing and corrosion protection.
Anthracene oil, anthracene paste Anthracene Phenanthrene Carbazole 90640-81-6 292-603-2 C H The substances are mainly used in the manufacture of other
14 10
C H N substances such as anthracene and carbon black. They may also be
12 9
used as reducing agents in blast furnances, as components in
bunker fuel, for impregnating, sealing and corrosion protection.
Anthracene oil, anthracene paste, Anthracene Phenanthrene Carbazole 91995-15-2 295-275-9 C H The substances are mainly used in the manufacture of other
14 10
anthracene fraction C H N substances such as anthracene and carbon black. They may also be
12 9
used as reducing agents in blast furnances, as components in
bunker fuel, for impregnating, sealing and corrosion protection.
Anthracene oil, anthracene paste, Anthracene Phenanthrene Carbazole 91995-17-4 295-278-5 C H The substances are mainly used in the manufacture of other
14 10
distn. lights C H N substances such as anthracene and carbon black. They may also be
12 9
used as reducing agents in blast furnances, as components in
bunker fuel, for impregnating, sealing and corrosion protection.
Anthracene oil, anthracene-low Anthracene Phenanthrene Carbazole 90640-82-7 292-604-8 C H The substances are mainly used in the manufacture of other
14 10
C H N substances such as anthracene and carbon black. They may also be
12 9
used as reducing agents in blast furnances, as components in
bunker fuel, for impregnating, sealing and corrosion protection.
Diisobutyl phthalate Bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2- 84-69-5 201-553-2 C H O Diisobutyl phthalate is used as plasticiser for nitrocellulose, cellulose
16 22 4
dicarboxylate ether, polyacrylate and polyacetate dispersions, and as a gelling aid
in combination with other plasticisers, which are widely used for
plastics, lacquers, adhesives, explosive material and nail polish.
Lead chromate Lead(2+) chromate 7758-97-6 231-846-0 CrH O .Pb Lead chromate is used for manufacturing pigments and dyes, as a
2 4
pigment or coating agent in industrial and maritime paint products or
for embalming/restoring of art products. Further potential uses
include as detergents and bleaches, photosensitive materials and for
the manufacture of pyrotechnic powder.
Lead chromate molybdate Lead(2+) chromate lead(2+) sulfate 12656-85-8 235-759-9 CrH O .Pb Lead chromate molybdate sulphate red (C.I. Pigment Red 104) is
2 4
sulphate red (C.I. Pigment Red 104) lead(2+) molybdate H O S.Pb used as a colouring, painting and coating agent in sectors such as
2 4
PbMoO the rubber, plastic and paints, coatings and varnishes industries.
Applications comprise the production of agricultural equipment,
vehicles and aircraft as well as road and airstrip painting.
Lead sulfochromate yellow Lead(2+) chromate lead(2+) sulfate 1344-37-2 215-693-7 CrH O .Pb Lead sulfochromate yellow (C.I. Pigment Yellow 34) is used as a
2 4
(C.I. Pigment Yellow 34) H O S.Pb colouring, painting and coating agent in sectors such as the rubber,
2 4
plastic and paints, coatings and varnishes industries. Applications
comprise the production of agricultural equipment, vehicles and
aircraft as well as road and airstrip painting. The substance is further
used for camouflage or ammunition marking in the defence area.
Pitch, coal tar, high temperature anode pitch, binder pitch, clay pigeon 65996-93-2 266-028-2 not applicable Pitch, coal tar, high temperature is mainly used in the production of
binder, electrode pitch, hard pitch, electrodes for industrial applications. Smaller volumes are dedicated
impregnating pitch, soft pitch, vacuum to specific uses such as heavy duty corrosion protection, special
pitch purpose paving, manufacture of other substances and the production
of clay targets.
Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate 115-96-8 204-118-5 C H Cl O P Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate is mainly used as an additive plasticiser
6 12 3 4
and viscosity regulator with flame-retarding properties for acrylic
resins, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride and other polymers. Other
fields of application are adhesives, coatings, flame-resistant paints
and varnishes. The main industrial branches to use TCEP are the
furniture, the textile and the building industry.
Zirconia Aluminosilicate Refractory ceramic fibres are used for high-temperature insulation,
Refractory Ceramic Fibres almost exclusively in industrial applications (insulation of industrial
furnaces and equipment, equipment for the automotive and aircraft/
aerospace industry) and in fire protection (buildings and industrial
process equipment).
Acrylamide Prop-2-enamide 79-06-1 201-173-7 C H NO Acrylamide is almost exclusively used for the synthesis of
3 5
polyacrylamides, which are used in various applications, in particular
in waste water treatment and paper processing. Minor uses of
acrylamide comprise the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for

F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
research purposes and as grouting agents in civil engineering.
Ammonium dichromate Diammonium dichromate, Ammonium 7789-09-5 232-143-1 Cr H O .2H N Ammonium dichromate is mainly used as an oxidising agent. Other
2 2 7 3
bichromate, ammonium chromate, known uses are in the manufacture of photosensitive screens and as
chromic acid [H Cr O ] diammonium mordant in the manufacture of textiles. Minor uses seem to comprise
2 2 7
salt, diammonium dichromate, dichromic metal treatment and laboratory analytical agent.
acid diammonium salt
Boric acid 10043-35-3 233-139-2 BH O Boric acid is widely used on account of its consistency-influencing,
3 3
11113-50-1 234-343-4 flame-retarding, antiseptic and preservative properties. It is a
component of detergents and cleaners, adhesives, toys, industrial
fluids, brake fluids, glass, ceramics, flame retardants, paints,
disinfectants, cosmetics, food additives, fertilisers, insecticides and
other products.
Disodium tetraborate, Disodium tetraborate decahydrate, 1303-96-4 215-540-4 Na B O ·10H O Disodium tetraborate and tetraboron disodium heptaoxide form the
2 4 7 2
anhydrous Disodium tetraborate anhydrous, 1330-43-4 Na B O same compounds in aqueous solutions. Uses include a multitude of
2 4 7
Disodium tetraborate pentahydrate, 12179-04-3 Na B O ·5H O applications, for example, in detergents and cleaners, in glass and
2 4 7 2
borax decahydrate, boric acid, disodium glass fibres, ceramics, industrial fluids, metallurgy, adhesives, flame
salt, borax pentahydrate retardants, personal care products, biocides, fertilisers.
Potassium chromate Dipotassium chromate, Bipotassium 7789-00-6 232-140-5 K CrO Potassium chromate is used as a corrosion inhibitor for treatment
2 4
chromate, Dipotassium monochromate, and coating of metals, for manufacture of reagents, chemicals and
Bipotassium monochromate, Neutral textiles, as a colouring agent in ceramics, in the manufacture of
potassium chromate, Potassium pigments/inks and in the laboratory as analytical agent.
chromate (VI), Chromate of potash
(potass), Chromic acid dipotassium salt
Potassium dichromate Chromic acid [H Cr O ] dipotassium 7778-50-9 231-906-6 K Cr O Potassium dichromate is used for chrome metal manufacturing and
2 2 7 2 2 7
salt, dichromic acid dipotassium salt, as corrosion inhibitor for treatment and coating of metals. It is further
dipotassium bichromate, dipotassium used as textile mordant, as laboratory analytical agent, for cleaning
dichromate, Lopezite, potassium of laboratory glassware, in the manufacture of other reagents and as
bichromate, potassium dichromate[VI], oxidising agent in photolithography.
dipotassium dichromium hepta-oxide
Sodium chromate Disodium chromate, Sodium 7775-11-3 231-889-5 Na CrO Sodium chromate is mainly used as an intermediate in the
2 4
monochromate, Disodium chromium manufacture of other chromium compounds as well as a laboratory
tetraoxide analytical agent, but this use is limited. Other potential uses are
mentioned in the literature but whether they occur in the EU is not
clear.
Tetraboron disodium 12267-73-1 235-541-3 B Na O .x Disodium tetraborate and tetraboron disodium heptaoxide form the
4 2 7
heptaoxide, hydrate H O same compounds in aqueous solutions. Uses include a multitude of
applications, for example, in detergents and cleaners, in glass and
glass fibres, ceramics, industrial fluids, metallurgy, adhesives, flame
retardants, personal care products, biocides, fertilisers.
Trichloroethylene Acetylene trichloride, Ethinyl trichloride, 79-01-6 201-167-4 C H Cl Trichlororethylene is mainly used as intermediate in the manufacture
2 3
Trichloroethene, TRI, TRIC, 1-Chloro- of chlorinated and fluorinated organic compounds. Other uses are for
2,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1,2- cleaning and degreasing of metal parts or as solvent in adhesives.
Trichloroethylene, Trilene, Triklone® ,
Trimar. Industrial abbreviations include
trichloroethylene, trichlor, Trike, Tricky
and trichloroethylene.
Chromium trioxide Trioxochromium 1333-82-0 215-607-8 CrO Formulation of mixtures containing chromium trioxide, which are
mainly used for for example, metal finishing/surface treatment or in
much smaller amounts as catalysts containing chromium trioxide.
Acids generated from chromium Dichromic acid (H Cr O ), hydroxy- 13530-68-2 236-881-5 Cr H O Chromic acid, dichromic acid and oligomers of chromic and
2 2 7 2 2 7
trioxide and their oligomers (hydroxy(dioxo)chromio)oxy- 7738-94-5 231-801-5 CrH O dichromic acid are spontaneously generated products of the reaction
2 4
dioxochromium, Chromic acid (H CrO ), of chromic trioxide with water. Refer to the uses for chromium
2 4
dihydroxy(dioxo)chromium trioxide.
Cobalt (II) sulphate Sulfuric acid, cobalt(2+) salt (1:1), 10124-43-3 233-334-2 CoH O S Mainly used in the production of other chemicals. Further
2 4
applications may include manufacture of catalysts and driers, surface
treatments (such as electroplating), corrosion prevention, production
of pigments, decolourising (in glass, pottery), batteries, animal food
supplement, soil fertilizer, and others.

F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
Cobalt (II) dinitrate 10141-05-6 233-402-1 CoN O Mainly used in the production of other chemicals and the
2 6
manufacture of catalysts. Further applications may include surface
treatment and batteries.
Cobalt (II) carbonate 513-79-1 208-169-4 CoCO Mainly used in the manufacture of catalysts. Minor uses may include
feed additive, production of other chemicals, production of pigments,
and adhesion (in ground coat frit).
Cobalt (II) diacetate Cobalt di(acetate) 71-48-7 200-755-8 C H CoO Mainly used in the manufacture of catalysts. Minor uses may include
4 6 4
production of other chemicals, surface treatment, alloys, production
of pigments, dyes, rubber adhesion, and feed additive.
2-Methoxyethanol ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; 109-86-4 203-713-7 C H O Mainly used as solvent, chemical intermediate and additive for fuels.
3 8 2
EGME, Ethanol, 2-methoxy-
2-Ethoxyethanol ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; EGEE, 110-80-5 203-804-1 C H O Mainly used as solvent and chemical intermediate.
4 10 2
Ethanol, 2-ethoxy-
2-ethoxyethyl acetate Ethanol, 2-ethoxy-, acetate, Ethylglycol 111-15-9 203-839-2 C H O As solvent in coatings and in the chemical industry, intermediate in
6 12 3
acetate; ethylene glycol mono ethyl the manufacture of cyanoacrylate adhesives.
ether acetate; 2-EEA; acetic acid,
2-ethoxyethyl ester; ethoxyethanol
acetate
Strontium chromate Chromic acid (H CrO ), strontium salt 7789-06-2 232-142-6 SrCrO As corrosion inhibitor in coating mixtures used in the aeronautic /
2 4 4
(1:1), Chromium diolatodioxo-strontium aerospace sector, in the coil coating sector of steel and aluminium
salt (1:1), C.I. Pigment Yellow 32, Deep and in the vehicle coating sector.
Lemon Yellow, Strontium chromate (VI),
Strontium Yellow
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, Di-C -11-(linear and branched)-alkyl 68515-42-4 271-084-6 C H O – As plasticiser in PVC, foam, adhesives and coatings.
7 22 34 4
di-C7-11 branched and linear phthalate, Dialkyl phthalate (C -11) C H O
7 30 50 4
alkyl esters branched and linear phthalate ester;
711P; D711P; Di-711-phthalate;
Dialkyl(C -11-branched and linear)
phthalate (DHNUP); Di(heptyl, nonyl,
undecyl) phthalate (mixed isomers);
Phthalic acid, dialkyl (C -C 1) ester;
7 1
Santicizer 711
Hydrazine H 0; H 0 (fuel); Levoxine; Nitrogen 7803-57-8 206-114-9 H N As intermediate in the manufacture of hydrazine derivatives, as a
7 7 4 2
hydride(N H );Oxytreat 35 302-01-2 monomer in polymerisations, as a corrosion inhibitor in water
2 4
10217-52-4 treatment and for metal reduction and refining of chemicals. It is also
used as a propellant for aerospace vehicles and as fuel in military
(emergency) power units.
1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-, 872-50-4 212-828-1 C H NO As solvent in coatings, cleaning products, for electronic equipment
5 9
1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-one, manufacture, as well as in semiconductor industry, petrochemical
1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone processing, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
1-Methyl-5-pyrrolidinone
1-Methylazacyclopentan-2-one
1-Methylpyrrolidone
AgsolEx 1
M-Pyrol
Microposit 2001
N 0131
N-Methyl-α-pyrrolidinone
N-Methyl-α-pyrrolidone
N-Methyl-γ-butyrolactam
N-Methyl-2-ketopyrrolidine
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
N-Methylbutyrolactam
N-Methylpyrrolidone
NMP
NSC 4594
Pharmasolve
F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
Pyrol M
SL 1332
1,2,3-trichloropropane Propane, 1,2,3-trichloro-, Allyl trichloride; 96-18-4 202-486-1 C H Cl Intermediate in the manufacture of chlorinated solvents and
3 5 3
Glycerol trichlorohydrin; Glyceryl agricultural products. It is also used as monomer. In the past, it was
trichlorohydrin; NSC 35403; used as solvent, paint and varnish remover and as degreasing
Trichlorohydrin; agent.
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, C -8-(branched)-Alkyl benzene-1,2- 71888-89-6 276-158-1 As plasticiser in PVC and in sealants, coatings and potentially
di-C6-8-branched alkyl esters, dicarboxylate, C -8-(branched)-Alkyl printing inks.
C7-rich phthalate, Diisoheptyl phthalate, DIHP
Dichromium tris(chromate) Chromic acid (H CrO ), chromium(3+) 24613-89-6 246-356-2 Cr O In mixtures for metal surface treatment in the aeronautic/aerospace,
2 4 5 12
salt (3:2), Dichromium(3+) trichromate, CrH O .2/3Cr steel, and aluminium coating industries.
2 4
Chromic chromate, Chromium (III)
chromate, Dichromium Trischromate,
Accomet C; other trade names are
confidential
Potassium hydroxyoctaoxodizincatedi- 11103-86-9 234-329-8 Aeronautic/ aerospace coating, steel and aluminium coil coating, and
chromate vehicle coating.
Pentazinc chromate octahydroxide Zinc chromate hydroxide 49663-84-5 256-418-0 CrH O Zn Vehicle coating and aeronautic / aerospace coating.
8 12 5
(Zn5(CrO )(OH)8), Zinc
tetraoxychromate, Zinc tetroxy
chromate, Zinc chromate, hydroxide,
Basic zinc chromate, Zinc chromate,
Trizinc, dioxido(dioxo)chromium
dihydroxide
Formaldehyde, oligomeric reaction Formaldehyde, polymer with 25214-70-4 500-036-1 (C H N.CH O)x Manufacture of other substances. Minor uses are as ion exchange
6 7 2
products with aniline (technical MDA) benzenamine, polymeric MDA3, PMDA, resins in nuclear power plants, as hardener for epoxy resins.
MDA, technical grade, crude MDA
Bis(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2- 117-82-8 204-212-6 C H O Plasticiser in polymeric materials and paints, lacquers and varnishes,
14 18 6
bis(2methoxyethyl) ester, including printing inks.
Di(methoxyethyl) phthalate,
Bis(methylglycol) phthalate
2-Methoxyaniline; o-Anisidine Benzenamine, 2-methoxy-, 90-04-0 201-963-1 C H NO Manufacture of dyes for tattooing and coloration of paper, polymers
7 9
2-methoxybenzenamine and aluminium foil.
4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenol, 4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol, 140-66-9 205-426-2 C H O Manufacture of polymer preparations and of ethoxylate surfactants.
14 22
(4-tert-Octylphenol) Phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)- Also used as a component in adhesives, coatings, inks and rubber
articles.
1,2-Dichloroethane Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-, Ethylene 107-06-2 203-458-1 C H Cl Manufacture of other substances. Minor uses as solvent in chemical
2 4 2
dichloride, dichloroethylene, 1,2-DCE,, and pharmaceutical industries.
1,2-EDC
Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether Ethane, 1,1’-oxybis[2-methoxy-, 111-96-6 203-924-4 C H O Used primarily as a reaction solvent or process chemical in a wide
6 14 3
1-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, variety of applications. Also used as solvent for battery electrolytes,
Diglyme, DEGDME, and possibly in sealants, adhesives, fuels and automotive care
Diethylenglycoldimethylether, products.
Dimethyldiglycol, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-1-
methoxyethane, 2,5,8-Trioxanonane,
Di(2, Methoxyethyl) ether, Dimethyl
carbitol, Ether, bis(2-methoxyethyl), 1,1’-
Oxybis[2-methoxyethane],
Methyldiglyme, (CAS registry numbers
still in use: 70-992-86-8, 54631-70-8,
142939-39-7 although deleted in CAS,
registry)
Arsenic acid Arsenic acid (H AsO ), arsenic acid, 7778-39-4 231-901-9 AsH O Mainly used to remove gas bubbles from ceramic glass melt (fining
3 4 3 4
trihydroxidooxidoarsenic (IUPAC 2005), agent) and in production of laminated printed circuit boards. Also
Orthoarsenic acid used in the manufacture of semiconductors and as laboratory agent.
Calcium arsenate Arsenic acid (H AsO ), calcium salt 7778-44-1 231-904-5 As Ca O Present in complex raw materials that are used mainly for copper
3 4 2 3 8
(2:3), Tricalcium(2+) diarsenate, Arsenic and lead refining. Also used to precipitate nickel from the molten
acid calcium salt; calcium orthoarsenate; metal and to manufacture diarsenic trioxide.

F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
tricalcium arsenate
Trilead diarsenate Arsenic acid (H AsO ), lead salt (2:3), 3687-31-8 222-979-5 As O Pb Present in complex raw materials for manufacture of copper, lead
3 4 2 8 3
Trilead (2+) diarsenate, Lead (II) and a range of precious metals.
arsenate, lead arsenate
N,N-dimethylacetamide Acetamide, N,N-dimethyl-, 127-19-5 204-826-4 C H N O Used as solvent, mainly in the manufacture of various substances
4 9
(DMAC) Acetdimethylamide, DMA, DMAA, and in the production of fibres for clothing. Also used as reagent,
DMAc, Dimethylamide acetate, N,N- and in products such as industrial coatings, insulation paper,
Dimethylethanamide polyimide films, paint strippers and ink removers.
2,2’-Dichloro-4,4’-methylene- 4,4’-methylenebis[2-chloroaniline], 101-14-4 202-918-9 C H Cl N Mainly used as curing agent in resins and in the production of
13 12 2 2
dianiline (MOCA) Benzenamine, 4,4’-methylenebis[2- polymer articles and also for manufacture of other substances.
chloro-, Bisamine A, 2,2’-Dichloro-4,4’-
methylenedianiline, 3,3’-Dichloro-4,4’-
diaminodiphenylmethane, Bis(4-amino-
3-chlorophenyl)methane
Phenolphthalein 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3,3-bis(4- 77-09-8 201-004-7 C H O Mainly used as laboratory agent (pH indicator solutions). Minor uses
20 14 4
hydroxyphenyl)-; 3,3-Bis(4- are in pharmaceutical preparations and in some special applications.
hydroxyphenyl)-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one;
3,3-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)phthalide; 3,3-
Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalide; 3,3-
Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1(3H)-
isobenzofuranone
Lead azide Lead diazide Lead azide (Pb(N )2); Lead(2+) diazide 13424-46-9 236-542-1 N Pb Mainly used as initiator or booster in detonators for both civilian and
3 6
military uses and as initiator in pyrotechnic devices.
Lead styphnate lead 2,4,6-trinitro-m-phenylene dioxide; 15245-44-0 239-290-0 C H N O Pb Mainly used as a primer for small calibre and rifle ammunition. Other
6 3 8
1,3-Benzenediol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) common uses are in ammunition pyrotechnics, powder actuated
salt (1:1); Lead(2+) 2,4,6- devices and detonators for civilian use.
trinitrobenzene-1,3-diolate; 2,4-Dioxa-3-
plumbabicyclo[3.3.1]nona-1(9),5,7-triene;
3,3didehydro-6,8,9-trinitro-; Lead,
[styphnato(2-)]-; Resorcinol, 2,4,6-
trinitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1); Lead
styphnate; Lead tricinate; Lead
trinitroresorcinate; Tricinat
Lead dipicrate Phenol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt 6477-64-1 229-335-2 C H N O Pb The substance is an explosive like lead diazide and lead styphnate.
12 4 6 14
(2:1); Lead(2+) bis(2,4,6-
trinitrophenolate); Lead, bis(picryloxy)-;
Phenol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt;
Picric acid, lead(2+) salt; Lead(II) picrate
1,2-bis(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethane 2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane; Triglyme; 112-49-2 203-977-3 C H O Triglyme is used as an inert solvent for grignard-, reduction- and
8 18 4
(TEGDME; triglyme) TEGDME Triethylene glycol dimethyl alkylation-reactions. Reactions involving alkali metals can be carried
ether; Ansul Ether 161; DMTG; Ethane, out in triglyme and alkali metal dispersions in triglyme are used for
1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-; Glyme 4; etching of Teflon and Fluoropolymers. Triglyme is also used as an
Hisolve MTM; Methyltriglyme; NSC inert solvent for reduction reactions using Sodium borohydride and
66400 used as a solvent to carry out methylation reactions using dimethyl
carbonate (and other dialkyl carbonates). Triglyme is also used as
part of absorbing liquids in the industrial cleaning of gases. Triglyme
has been reported to be used in Brake fluids.
1,2-Dimethoxyethane; ethylene Ethane, 1,2-dimethoxy-; EGDME; 110-71-4 203-794-9 C H O EGDME is used as a solvent or processing aid in the manufacture or
4 10 2
glycol dimethyl ether (EGDME) Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; 1,2- formulation of industrial chemicals. The large majority of the EGDME
Dimethoxyethane; 1,2-Ethanediol, sold by the producer is used as a site limited processing aid for
dimethyl ether; 2,5-Dioxahexane;DME; industrial chemical manufacture.
DME (glycol ether); Dimethyl Cellosolve;
Ethylene dimethyl ether; Glycol dimethyl
ether; Glyme;Hisolve MMM;
Monoethylene glycol dimethyl ether;
Monoglyme; NSC 60542; α,β-
Dimethoxyethane.
Ammoniumpentadecafluoro APFO 3825-26-1 223-320-4 C H NF NO PFOA is used as a group name for PFOA and its salts, and PFOA is
8 4 15 2
F2931 − 19a
TABLE 1 Continued
Substance Name Synonym CAS Number EU Number Chemical Formula Common Uses
otanoate (APFO) mainly produced and used as its ammonium salt,
ammoniumpentadecafluorootanoate (APFO, CAS Number: 3825-26-
1). However, the perfluorooctanoate anion is the molecule of primary
interest. APFO and PFOA are sometimes used interchangeably as
both PFO-anion and PFOA (neutral species) exist in solution.
C.I. Basic Blue 26 ([4-[[4-anilino-1- Methanaminium, N-[4-[[4- 2580-56-5 219-943-6 C H ClN Basic Blue 26 is used in inks, dyes, paints, and pigments. Among
33 32 3
naphthyl][4-(dimethylamino) (dimethylamino)phenyl][4-(phenylamino)- potential uses registered by companies in the Colour Index (2012)7,
phenyl]methylene]cyclohexa 1-naphthalenyl]methylene]-2,5- for products (dyestuff) containing Basic Blue 26, are in printing inks
-2,5-dien-1-ylidene] cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-methyl
...