ASTM E2007-10
(Guide)Standard Guide for Computed Radiography
Standard Guide for Computed Radiography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended as a source of tutorial and reference information that can be used during establishment of computed radiography techniques and procedures by qualified CR personnel for specific applications. All materials presented within this guide may not be suited for all levels of computed radiographic personnel.
This guide is intended to build upon an established basic knowledge of radiographic fundamentals (that is, film systems) as may be found in Guide E94. Similarly, materials presented within this guide are not intended as “all-inclusive” but are intended to address basic CR topics and issues that complement a general knowledge of computed radiography as described in 1.2 and 3.2.28.
Materials presented within this guide may be useful in the development of end-user training programs designed by qualified CR personnel or activities that perform similar functions. Computed radiography is considered a rapidly advancing inspection technology that will require the user maintain knowledge of the latest CR apparatus and technique innovations. Section 11 of this guide contains technical reference materials that may be useful in further advancement of knowledge associated with computed radiography.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides general tutorial information regarding the fundamental and physical principles of computed radiography (CR), definitions and terminology required to understand the basic CR process. An introduction to some of the limitations that are typically encountered during the establishment of techniques and basic image processing methods are also provided. This guide does not provide specific techniques or acceptance criteria for specific end-user inspection applications. Information presented within this guide may be useful in conjunction with those standards of 1.2.
1.2 CR techniques for general inspection applications may be found in Practice E2033. Technical qualification attributes for CR systems may be found in Practice E2445. Criteria for classification of CR system technical performance levels may be found in Practice E2446. Reference Images Standards E2422, E2660, and E2669 contain digital reference acceptance illustrations.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2007 − 10
StandardGuide for
1
Computed Radiography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ing Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
Used for Radiology
1.1 This guide provides general tutorial information regard-
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
ing the fundamental and physical principles of computed
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-
radiography (CR), definitions and terminology required to
dicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
understand the basic CR process. An introduction to some of
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
the limitations that are typically encountered during the estab-
E1453Guide for Storage of Magnetic Tape Media that
lishmentoftechniquesandbasicimageprocessingmethodsare
Contains Analog or Digital Radioscopic Data
also provided. This guide does not provide specific techniques
E2002PracticeforDeterminingTotalImageUnsharpnessin
or acceptance criteria for specific end-user inspection applica-
Radiology
tions.Informationpresentedwithinthisguidemaybeusefulin
E2033Practice for Computed Radiology (Photostimulable
conjunction with those standards of 1.2.
Luminescence Method)
1.2 CR techniques for general inspection applications may
E2339Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in
be found in Practice E2033. Technical qualification attributes
Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE)
for CR systems may be found in Practice E2445. Criteria for
E2422Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Alumi-
classification of CR system technical performance levels may
num Castings
be found in Practice E2446. Reference Images Standards
E2445Practice for Performance Evaluation and Long-Term
E2422,E2660,andE2669containdigitalreferenceacceptance
Stability of Computed Radiography Systems
illustrations.
E2446Practice for Classification of Computed Radiology
Systems
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for E2660Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Cast-
ings for Aerospace Applications
information only.
E2669Digital Reference Images for Titanium Castings
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 2.2 SMPTE Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- RP-133Specifications for Medical Diagnostic Imaging Test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- PatternforTelevisionMonitorsandHard-CopyRecording
3
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Cameras
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Unless otherwise provided within this guide, terminol-
E94Guide for Radiographic Examination
ogy is in accordance with Terminology E1316.
E746Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Re-
3.2 Definitions:
sponse of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
3.2.1 aliasing—artifacts that appear in an image when the
E747Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Group-
spatial frequency of the input is higher than the output is
capable of reproducing. This will often appear as jagged or
stepped sections in a line or as moiré patterns.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology
3.2.2 basic spatial resolution (SR )—terminology used to
b
(X and Gamma) Method.
describe the smallest degree of visible detail within a digital
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
image that is considered the effective pixel size.
in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2007-08. DOI: 10.1520/
E2007-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE),
the ASTM website. 3 Barker Ave, 5th Floor, White Plains, NY 10601.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2007 − 10
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The concept of basic spatial resolution 3.2.10 contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)—quotient of the digi-
involves the ability to separate two distinctly different image tal image contrast (see 3.2.13) and the averaged standard
features from being perceived
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2007–08 Designation:E2007–10
Standard Guide for
1
Computed Radiography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisguideprovidesgeneraltutorialinformationregardingthefundamentalandphysicalprinciplesofcomputedradiography
(CR), definitions and terminology required to understand the basic CR process.An introduction to some of the limitations that are
typically encountered during the establishment of techniques and basic image processing methods are also provided. This guide
does not provide specific techniques or acceptance criteria for specific end-user inspection applications. Information presented
within this guide may be useful in conjunction with those standards of section 1.2.
1.2 CR techniques for general inspection applications may be found in Practice E2033.Technical qualification attributes for CR
systems may be found in Practice E2445. Criteria for classification of CR system technical performance levels may be found in
Practice E2446. Reference Images Standards E2422contains digital reference acceptance illustrations.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. , E2660, and E2669 contain digital
reference acceptance illustrations.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E746 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
E747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for
Radiology
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
Used for Radiology
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1453 Guide for Storage of Magnetic Tape Media that Contains Analog or Digital Radioscopic Data
E2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness in Radiology
E2033 Practice for Computed Radiology (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
E2339 Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE)
E2422 Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Aluminum Castings
E2445 Practice for Qualification and Long-Term Stability of Computed Radiology Systems
E2446 Practice for Classification of Computed Radiology Systems Practice for Classification of Computed Radiology Systems
E2660 Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications
E2669 Digital Reference Images for Titanium Castings
2.2 SMPTE Standard:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X and
Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved JulyJune 1, 2008.2010. Published August 2008.July 2010. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20062008 as
E2007-00(2006).E2007 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/E2007-108.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2007–10
RP-133 Specifications for Medical Diagnostic Imaging Test Pattern for Television Monitors and Hard-Copy Recording
3
Cameras
3. Terminology
3.1 Unless otherwise provided within this standard guide, terminology is in accordance with Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 aliasing—artifacts that appear in an image when the spatial frequency of the input is higher than th
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2007–08 Designation:E2007–10
Standard Guide for
1
Computed Radiography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisguideprovidesgeneraltutorialinformationregardingthefundamentalandphysicalprinciplesofcomputedradiography
(CR), definitions and terminology required to understand the basic CR process.An introduction to some of the limitations that are
typically encountered during the establishment of techniques and basic image processing methods are also provided. This guide
does not provide specific techniques or acceptance criteria for specific end-user inspection applications. Information presented
within this guide may be useful in conjunction with those standards of section 1.2.
1.2 CR techniques for general inspection applications may be found in Practice E2033.Technical qualification attributes for CR
systems may be found in Practice E2445. Criteria for classification of CR system technical performance levels may be found in
Practice E2446. Reference Images Standards E2422contains digital reference acceptance illustrations.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. , E2660, and E2669 contain digital
reference acceptance illustrations.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E746 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
E747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for
Radiology
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
Used for Radiology
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E1453 Guide for Storage of Magnetic Tape Media that Contains Analog or Digital Radioscopic Data
E2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness in Radiology
E2033 Practice for Computed Radiology (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
E2339 Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE)
E2422 Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Aluminum Castings
E2445 Practice for Qualification and Long-Term Stability of Computed Radiology Systems
E2446 Practice for Classification of Computed Radiology Systems Practice for Classification of Computed Radiology Systems
E2660 Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications
E2669 Digital Reference Images for Titanium Castings
2.2 SMPTE Standard:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X and
Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved JulyJune 1, 2008.2010. Published August 2008.July 2010. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20062008 as
E2007-00(2006).E2007 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/E2007-108.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2007–10
RP-133 Specifications for Medical Diagnostic Imaging Test Pattern for Television Monitors and Hard-Copy Recording
3
Cameras
3. Terminology
3.1 Unless otherwise provided within this standard guide, terminology is in accordance with Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 aliasing—artifacts that appear in an image when the spatial frequency of the input is higher than th
...
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