ASTM C1617-05
(Practice)Standard Practice for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals
Standard Practice for Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation of Extraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from Thermal Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for a quantitative accelerated laboratory evaluation of the influence of extraction solutions containing ions leached from thermal insulation on the aqueous corrosion of metals. The primary intent of the practice is for use with thermal insulation and associated materials that contribute to, or alternatively inhibit, the aqueous corrosion of different types and grades of metals due to soluble ions that are leached by water from within the insulation. The quantitative evaluation criteria are Mass Loss Corrosion Rate (MLCR) determined from the weight loss due to corrosion of exposed metal coupons after they are cleaned.
1.2 The insulation extraction solutions prepared for use in the test can be altered by the addition of corrosive ions to the solutions to simulate contamination from an external source. Ions expected to provide corrosion inhibition can be added to investigate their inhibitory effect.
1.3 Prepared laboratory standard solutions are used as reference solutions and controls, to provide a means of calibration and comparison. See Fig 1.
1.4 Other liquids can be tested for their potential corrosiveness including cooling tower water, boiler feed, and chemical stocks. Added chemical inhibitors or protective coatings applied to the metal can also be evaluated using the general guidelines of the practice.
1.5 This practice cannot cover all possible field conditions that contribute to aqueous corrosion. The intent is to provide an accelerated means to obtain a non-subjective numeric value for judging the potential contribution to the corrosion of metals that can come from ions contained in thermal insulation materials or other experimental solutions. The calculated numeric value is the mass loss corrosion rate. This calculation is based on general corrosion spread equally over the test duration and the exposed area of the experimental cells created for the test. Corrosion found in field situations and this accelerated test also involves pitting and edge effects and the rate changes over time.
1.6 The measurement values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1617 – 05
Standard Practice for
Quantitative Accelerated Laboratory Evaluation of
Extraction Solutions Containing Ions Leached from Thermal
Insulation on Aqueous Corrosion of Metals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope is based on general corrosion spread equally over the test
durationandtheexposedareaoftheexperimentalcellscreated
1.1 This practice covers procedures for a quantitative accel-
for the test. Corrosion found in field situations and this
erated laboratory evaluation of the influence of extraction
accelerated test also involves pitting and edge effects and the
solutions containing ions leached from thermal insulation on
rate changes over time.
the aqueous corrosion of metals. The primary intent of the
1.6 The measurement values stated in inch-pound units are
practice is for use with thermal insulation and associated
to be regarded as standard.
materialsthatcontributeto,oralternativelyinhibit,theaqueous
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
corrosionofdifferenttypesandgradesofmetalsduetosoluble
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ions that are leached by water from within the insulation. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
quantitative evaluation criteria are Mass Loss Corrosion Rate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(MLCR) determined from the weight loss due to corrosion of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
exposed metal coupons after they are cleaned.
1.2 The insulation extraction solutions prepared for use in
2. Referenced Documents
the test can be altered by the addition of corrosive ions to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
solutions to simulate contamination from an external source.
A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-
Ions expected to provide corrosion inhibition can be added to
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
investigate their inhibitory effect.
A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
1.3 Prepared laboratory standard solutions are used as
Piping Applications
reference solutions and controls, to provide a means of
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
calibration and comparison. See Fig. 1.
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
1.4 Other liquids can be tested for their potential corrosive-
C665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal In-
ness including cooling tower water, boiler feed, and chemical
sulation for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured
stocks. Added chemical inhibitors or protective coatings ap-
Housing
plied to the metal can also be evaluated using the general
C692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal
guidelines of the practice.
Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Ten-
1.5 This practice cannot cover all possible field conditions
dency of Austenitic Stainless Steel
thatcontributetoaqueouscorrosion.Theintentistoprovidean
C739 Specification for Cellulosic Fiber Loose-Fill Thermal
acceleratedmeanstoobtainanon-subjectivenumericvaluefor
Insulation
judging the potential contribution to the corrosion of metals
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-
that can come from ions contained in thermal insulation
tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
materials or other experimental solutions. The calculated
C871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal
numeric value is the mass loss corrosion rate. This calculation
Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride,
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
InsulationandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC16.31onChemicaland For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Physical Properties. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published June 2005. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C1617-05. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1617 – 05
NOTE 1—The Fig. 1 bar graph was created using the MLCR data shown in Table 1. Standard reference tests using de-ionized water, 1 ppm, 5 ppm,
and 10 ppm chloride solutions were performed on mild carbon steel coupons. The calculated MLCR test results for mild carbon steel coupons were
separated into four ranges. The rating criteria ranges were developed to accommodate the results obtained using this practice on the reference standards
and experimental insulation samples. The ranges used are: MLCR=0to15 mils = rangeA; MLCR = 15.1 to 35 mils = range B; MLCR = 35.1 to 60
mils = range C, MLCR = 60.1 and higher = range D. The bars on the graph represent the total number of occurrences within the range for each of the
reference solutions.
NOTE 2—It is necessary for each laboratory to develop their own data, with their own individual plate or plates, metal, operators, cleaning procedures,
and environmental conditions to establish the ranges of MLCR calculated for the reference standards. The insulation or other test solutions are then
evaluated against the reference solution results.
FIG. 1 Standard Reference Tests
Silicate, and Sodium Ions remove oxidation and contamination and making the surface
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
uniform and reproducible.
sion Test Specimens
3.2 The test is conducted at elevated temperatures, greatly
G16 Guide forApplying Statistics toAnalysis of Corrosion
accelerating the corrosion in comparison with corrosion at
Data
room temperature. The heat makes the solution evaporate
G31 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing
quickly, allowing an air (oxygen) interface and making thou-
of Metals
sands of wet-dry-wet cycles possible in a short time.
G46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting
3.3 Quantitative measurements of corrosion are determined
Corrosion
fromtheweightchange(loss)duetothecorrosionofthetested
3. Summary of Practice coupons. Reference tests prepared with known concentrations
of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested
3.1 The practice uses controlled amounts of test solutions
metal are compared with water solutions containing ions
delivereddripwiseontoadefinedareaofsmallflatcouponsof
extracted from insulation samples. Calculations of MLCR in
selected test metals for the purpose of producing, comparing,
mils-per-year (MPY) made using the methods of Practice G1
and measuring the corrosion that occurs on the metals due to
the exposure. Preparation of the coupons includes sanding to are reported as the quantitative measurement.
C1617 – 05
4. Significance and Use incorporationofcertainchemicaladditives.Corrosiveionscan
also be added to the insulation extraction solutions to deter-
4.1 Corrosion associated with insulation is an important
mine the effectiveness of any inhibitors present.
concern for insulation manufacturers, specification writers,
4.12 Protective surface treatments and coatings of different
designers, contractors, and operators of the equipment. Some
types and thickness can be applied to the metal coupons and
material specifications contain test methods (or reference test
compared using various corrosive liquids.
methods contained in other material specifications), for use in
4.13 Several sets of tests are recommended because of the
evaluating the insulation with regard to the corrosion of steel,
number of factors that affect corrosion.An average of the tests
copper, and aluminum. In some cases these tests are not
and the standard deviation between the test results are used on
applicable or effective and have not been evaluated for preci-
the data. Much of the corrosion literature recommends a
sion and bias.
minimumofthreespecimensforeverytest.ConsultGuideG16
4.2 Aproperlyselected,installed,andmaintainedinsulation
foradditionalstatisticalmethodstoapplytothecorrosiondata.
system will reduce the corrosion that often occurs on an
4.14 Resultsfromthisacceleratedcorrosiontestshallnotbe
un-insulated structure. However, when the protective weather-
considered as an indicator of the useful life of the metal
resistant covering of an insulation system fails, the conditions
equipment. Many factors need consideration for applicability
for the aqueous environment necessary for corrosion under
to specific circumstances. Refer to Practice G31 for additional
insulation (CUI) often develop. It is possible the insulation
information.
contains, collects, or concentrates corrosive agents, or a com-
bination thereof, often found in industrial and coastal environ-
5. Apparatus
ments.Ifwaterisnotpresent,theseelectrolytescannotmigrate
to the metal surface. The electrochemical reaction resulting in
5.1 Thetestapparatusmustbehousedinareasonablyclean
the aqueous corrosion of metal surfaces cannot take place in
and non-dusty environment to avoid any effects of contami-
the absence of water and electrolytes.Additional environmen-
nants.
talfactorscontributingtoincreasedcorrosionratesareoxygen,
5.2 Electrically Heated Thermostatically Controlled Flat
and elevated-temperature (near boiling point).
Hot Plate (see Appendix X1)—A 1-ft (30.5-cm) square or
4.3 Chloridesandothercorrosiveionsarecommontomany
circular plate that has uniform temperature across the surface
environments.The primary corrosion preventative is to protect
provides the heated environment. See Appendix X1 for con-
insulation and metal from contamination and moisture. Insu-
struct design and sources of assembled systems.
lation covers, jackets, and metal coating of various kinds are
5.3 Peristaltic Pump (see Appendix X1)—A multi-channel
often used to prevent water infiltration and contact with the
peristaltic pump with individual cassettes and silicone tubes is
metal.
recommended to supply 250 (625) mL/day to each specimen.
4.4 This procedure can be used to evaluate all types of
5.4 Silicone Rubber Tubing (see Appendix X1), to deliver
thermal insulation and fireproofing materials (industrial, com-
fluid to the test coupons.
mercial, residential, cryogenic, fire-resistive, insulating ce-
5.5 Miniature Barbed Fitting (see Appendix X1), for con-
ment) manufactured using inorganic or organic materials.
1 1
nections of tubing ( ⁄16 by ⁄16 in.).
4.5 This procedure can be used with all metal types for
5.6 Band Saw.
which a coupon can be prepared such as mild steel, stainless
5.7 Balance, capable of 0.0001 (60.0002) g mass determi-
steel, copper, or aluminum.
nation.
4.6 This procedure can also be applicable to insulation
5.8 Wet-Grinding Belt Grinder/Sander, with used 80-grit (a
accessories including jacketing, covers, adhesives, cements,
belt previously used to make Test Method C692 stainless steel
and binders associated with insulation and insulation products.
coupons is acceptable) or new 120-grit wet belt.
4.7 Heattreatmentoftheinsulation(asrecommendedbythe
5.9 Drying Oven.
manufacturer up to the maximum potential exposure tempera-
5.10 Bottles,plastic1Lorequivalent,toindividuallysupply
ture) can be used to simulate possible conditions of use.
each test specimen with test liquid.
4.8 Adhesives can be tested by first drying followed by
5 3
5.11 Nominal 1-in. Thin-wall PVC Pipe,1 ⁄16-in. OD; 1 ⁄16-
water extraction or by applying a known quantity of the test
in. ID by 2-in. lengths.
adhesive to a test piece of insulation and then extracting.
5.12 High Temperature Grease, Never-Seez or equivalent
4.9 Insulating cements can be tested by casting a slab,
for use as heat transfer grease.
drying, and extracting or by using the uncured insulating
1 1 1
5.13 Rubber O-Ring,1 ⁄4-in. ID, 1 ⁄2-in. OD, ⁄8-in. thick.
cement powder for extraction.
5.14 Silicone Sealant, GE Silicone II or equivalent.
4.10 Reference tests prepared with various concentrations
5.15 Plastic Straw, ⁄8-in. drink stirring straw (“swizzle
of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested
stick”) cut to 1-in. length.
metal serve as comparative standards. Solutions containing
chloride,sodiumhydroxide,variousacids(sulfuric,hydrochlo- 5.16 Cleaning Apparatus and Solutions, for the coupons,
ric, nitric, and citric acid), as well as “blank” tests using only stainless steel metal scourer pad, 3-M sanding pad (medium
de-ionized water and tap water are used. and fine) or equivalent sand paper, acetone, xylene, water,
paper towels.
4.11 Research can be done on insulation that has been
specially formulated to inhibit corrosion in the presence of 5.17 Hand-Held Magnifier,or10to303 binocular micro-
corrosive ions through modifications in basic composition or scope, or both.
C1617 – 05
6. Reagents and Materials reference coupon or comparative roughness standard is useful.
The belt-ground face is the test surface. Immediately rinse in
6.1 Distilled or De-Ionized Water, containing less than 0.1
de-ionized water and dry with a clean paper towel to prevent
ppm chloride ions.
flash corrosion.
6.2 Metal Test Coupons, meeting the composition require-
7.3 Cut the coupon into approximately three equal pieces
ments of applicable ASTM Specification for Mild Steel,
using a band saw equipped with a metal cutting blade.
Stainless Steel, Copper, or Aluminum. Mill certificates of
7.4 Prepare the edges of the coupons with a sander to
chemical composition and mechanical properties are required.
produce smooth, even, and flat surfaces.
Thegageofthemetalshallbe16to22-gagedependingontype
7.5 Permanently mark each coupon for identification. If
of metal and availability.
metal stamp impressions are used to mark the coupon, do not
6.2.1 Some researchers will want to maintain traceability to
allow the impression to deform the back face of the coupon.
the metals used in other C16 corrosion procedures. Specifica-
7.6 Clean the surface to be tested by lightly wet sanding
tion C739 uses cold rolled, low carbon (<0.30%) commercial
with a fine sanding pad in distilled or de-ionized water. Wet
quality shim steel. Specification C665 uses cold rolled, low
sand the back surface of the coupon to establish a clean
carbon, quarter hard, temper No. 3, strip steel. It is possible
conditionthatcanbereproducedaftertesting.Rinseindistilled
other metal grades meeting Specification A53/A53M, Specifi-
or de-ionized water, followed by rinsing in acetone. Dry and
cation A105/A105M, and ot
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