ASTM D6330-98(2014)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test Conditions
Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality in buildings have not been well established. One basic requirement that has emerged from indoor air quality studies is the need for well-characterized test data on the emission factors of VOCs from building materials. Standard test method and procedure are a requirement for the comparison of emission factor data from different products.
4.2 This practice describes a procedure for using a small environmental test chamber to determine the emission factors of VOCs from wood-based panels over a specified period of time. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided to identify the VOCs emitted from the products, to determine the appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical procedure, and to estimate required sampling volume for the subsequent environmental chamber testing.
4.3 Test results obtained using this practice provide a basis for comparing the VOC emission characteristics of different wood-based panel products. The emission data can be used to inform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their products. The data can also be used to identify building materials with reduced VOC emissions over the time interval of the test.
4.4 While emission factors determined by using this practice can be used to compare different products, the concentrations measured in the chamber shall not be considered as the resultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.
SCOPE
1.1 The practice measures the volatile organic compounds (VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufactured wood-based panels. A pre-screening analysis is used to identify the VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is, emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interest are then determined by measuring the concentrations in a small environmental test chamber containing a specimen. The test chamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under the standard environmental conditions. For formaldehyde determination, see Test Method D6007.
1.2 This practice describes a test method that is specific to the measurement of VOC emissions from newly manufactured individual wood-based panels, such as particleboard, plywood, and oriented strand board (OSB), for the purpose of comparing the emission characteristics of different products under the standard test condition. For general guidance on conducting small environmental chamber tests, see Guide D5116.
1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamber are determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsorbent tube or multi-adsorbent tube, followed by thermal desorption and combined gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or gas chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical method recommended in this practice are generally valid for the identification and quantification of VOCs with saturation vapor pressure between 500 and 0.01 kPa at 25°C, depending on the selection of adsorbent(s).
Note 1: VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on the adsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D6196). The user should have a thorough understanding of the limitations of each adsorbent used.
1.4 The emission factors determined using the above procedure describe the emission characteristics of the specimen under the standard test condition. These data can be used directly to compare the emission characteristics of different products and to estimate the emission rates up to one month after the production. They shall not be used to predict the emission rates over longer periods of time (that is, more than one month) or under different environmental conditions.
1.5 Emission data from chamber tests can be used for predicting the impact of wood-based panels on the VOC concentrations in buildings by using an appropriate indoor air quality model, which is beyond the scope of this practice.
1.6 The values stated ...
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Designation:D6330 −98 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practice for
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding
Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using
Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test
Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 The emission factors determined using the above pro-
cedure describe the emission characteristics of the specimen
1.1 The practice measures the volatile organic compounds
under the standard test condition. These data can be used
(VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufactured
directly to compare the emission characteristics of different
wood-basedpanels.Apre-screeninganalysisisusedtoidentify
products and to estimate the emission rates up to one month
the VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is,
after the production. They shall not be used to predict the
emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interest
emission rates over longer periods of time (that is, more than
arethendeterminedbymeasuringtheconcentrationsinasmall
one month) or under different environmental conditions.
environmental test chamber containing a specimen. The test
1.5 Emission data from chamber tests can be used for
chamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under the
predicting the impact of wood-based panels on the VOC
standard environmental conditions. For formaldehyde
concentrations in buildings by using an appropriate indoor air
determination, see Test Method D6007.
quality model, which is beyond the scope of this practice.
1.2 This practice describes a test method that is specific to
1.6 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the
the measurement ofVOC emissions from newly manufactured
standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10).
individualwood-basedpanels,suchasparticleboard,plywood,
andorientedstrandboard(OSB),forthepurposeofcomparing 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the emission characteristics of different products under the
standard test condition. For general guidance on conducting responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
small environmental chamber tests, see Guide D5116.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamber
For specified hazard statements see Section 6.
are determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsor-
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
benttubeormulti-adsorbenttube,followedbythermaldesorp-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tionandcombinedgaschromatograph/massspectrometry(GC/
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
MS) or gas chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC/
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
recommended in this practice are generally valid for the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
identificationandquantificationofVOCswithsaturationvapor
pressure between 500 and 0.01 kPa at 25°C, depending on the
2. Referenced Documents
selection of adsorbent(s).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on the
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
adsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D6196). The
Atmospheres
user should have a thorough understanding of the limitations of each
D1914PracticeforConversionUnitsandFactorsRelatingto
adsorbent used.
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6330–98 (2008). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6330-98R14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6330−98 (2014)
D5116Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De- 3.2.7 TVOC—total concentration of all the individual vola-
terminationsofOrganicEmissionsfromIndoorMaterials/ tile organic compounds (VOC) captured from air by a given
Products sorbent, or a given combination of several sorbents, thermally
D6007TestMethodforDeterminingFormaldehydeConcen- desorbed into and eluted from a given gas chromatographic
trations in Air from Wood Products Using a Small-Scale system and measured by a given detector. ForVOC definition,
Chamber see Terminology D1356.
D6196Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Param- 3.2.7.1 Discussion—The measured value of TVOC will
eters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for depend on the collection and desorption efficiency of the
Monitoring Volatile Organic Chemicals in Air sorbent trap, the efficiency of transfer to the GC column, the
E355PracticeforGasChromatographyTermsandRelation- type and size of the GC column, the GC temperature program
ships and other chromatographic parameters, and the type of GC
E741Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single detector. One way to report TVOC values is recommended in
Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution 8.2.7.6.
IEEE/ASTM SI-10Standard for Use of the International
3.2.8 wood-based panel test specimen—a specimen of a
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
panel cut from an original wood-based panel sample, such as
2.2 Other Standard:
particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), or plywood.
EPA TO-17Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds
in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling Onto Sorbent 4. Significance and Use
Tubes, Compendium of Methods for the Determination of
4.1 The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality in
Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air
buildings have not been well established. One basic require-
ment that has emerged from indoor air quality studies is the
3. Terminology
need for well-characterized test data on the emission factors of
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms that are com-
VOCs from building materials. Standard test method and
monly used, refer to Terminology D1356 and Practice E355.
procedure are a requirement for the comparison of emission
For definitions and terms related to test methods using small-
factor data from different products.
scale environmental chamber, refer to Guide D5116. For an
4.2 This practice describes a procedure for using a small
explanation of units, symbols, and conversion factors, refer to
environmental test chamber to determine the emission factors
Practice D1914.
of VOCs from wood-based panels over a specified period of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
time. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided to
3.2.1 environmental enclosure—a container or space in
identify the VOCs emitted from the products, to determine the
which the environmental test chamber(s) is placed. The enclo-
appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical procedure, and to
sure has controlled temperature and relative humidity.
estimate required sampling volume for the subsequent envi-
2 3
ronmental chamber testing.
3.2.2 loading ratio (m /m )—the total exposed surface area
of each test specimen divided by the net air volume of the
4.3 Test results obtained using this practice provide a basis
environmental test chamber.
for comparing the VOC emission characteristics of different
3.2.3 nominaltimeconstant(t )—thetimerequiredtoobtain wood-based panel products. The emission data can be used to
n
inform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their prod-
one air change in the environmental test chamber, which is
equal to the inverse of the air change rate. ucts. The data can also be used to identify building materials
with reducedVOC emissions over the time interval of the test.
3.2.4 pre-screening analysis—a procedure for identifying
theVOCsemittedfromatestspecimen.Theresultsareusedto
4.4 While emission factors determined by using this prac-
determine the appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical
tice can be used to compare different products, the concentra-
method for subsequent dynamic chamber tests.
tions measured in the chamber shall not be considered as the
resultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.
3.2.5 standardenvironmentaltestchambercondition—atest
conditionoftemperatureat23 60.5°C,relativehumidity(RH)
5. Apparatus
at 50 6 5%, air change rate per hour in the chamber at 1 6
2 3
5.1 This practice requires the use of an environmental
0.03 ACH, and chamber loading ratio at 0.40 6 0.01 m /m .
chamber test system, an air sample collection system, and a
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The VOC emission rates for wood-
chemicalanalysissystem.Ageneralguideforconductingsmall
based panel products are generally controlled by VOC diffu-
environmental chamber tests is provided in Guide D5116. The
sions within the material. The airflow condition (air velocity
following paragraphs describe the requirements that are spe-
and turbulence) over the test specimen has minimal effect on
cific to this practice:
the emission rates; therefore, it is not specified in the standard
test condition.
5.2 Environmental Chamber Testing System—The system
3.2.6 tracer gas—a gaseous compound that is neither emit- shall include an environmental test chamber, an environmental
tedbythewood-basedpanelnorpresentinthesupplyairtothe enclosure, equipment for supplying clean and conditioned air
chamber.Itcanbeusedtodeterminethemixingcharacteristics to the chamber, and outlet fittings for sampling the air
of the environmental test chamber, and it provides a cross- exhausted from the chamber. Fig. 1 illustrates an example of
check of the air change rate measurements. such systems. All materials and components in contact with
D6330−98 (2014)
NOTE 1—The chamber assembly should be contained in an environmental enclosure to maintain the required temperature.
FIG. 1Schematic of an Example Small Chamber Test System
panel specimen or air stream from the chamber inlet to sample measured as follows: (1) seal the outlet of the chamber; (2)
collection point shall be chemically inert and accessible for supply air to the chamber through the inlet and adjust the
cleaning. Suitable materials include stainless steel and glass. airflow rate so that the pressure difference between the inside
All gaskets and flexible components shall be made from and outside of the chamber is maintained at 10 6 1 Pa, which
chemically inert materials. ismeasuredbyapressuretransducerwithaminimumspecified
5.2.1 Environmental Test Chamber—The chamber should accuracy of 61 Pa; and (3) measure the airflow rate. The rate
have a volume of 0.05 m with the interior dimensions of 0.5 is the nominal leakage rate of the chamber.
by 0.4 by 0.25-m high. A chamber with a different size and 5.2.1.2 Air Mixing in the Chamber—Adequateairmixingin
shapemayalsobeusedifthesamestandardenvironmentaltest the chamber shall be achieved to ensure that concentrations
chamber conditions (see 3.2.5) can be maintained. The cham- measured at the chamber exhaust are representative of those in
ber shall include a supply air system having an inlet port with the chamber. This may be determined by using the following
distributed openings to assist mixing between the supply air tracer gas decay method: (1) place a small mixing fan (for
and chamber air and an outlet port with distributed exhaust example, a personal computer cooling fan) in the chamber; (2)
openingstoensurethatconcentrationmeasuredatthechamber operate the chamber under the standard test condition and turn
exhaust is the average concentration in the chamber. The on the mixing fan; (3) inject a small amount (a pulse) of an
chamber criteria are as follows: inert tracer gas into the chamber directly or by means of the
5.2.1.1 Air-Tightness of the Chamber—The nominal air supplyair;(4)allow5minforthegastomixwiththechamber
leakage rate of the chamber shall be less than 1% of the air air;(5)turnoffthemixingfanandrecordthetimeas t=0;and
change rate used for the emission test at 10 Pa.Air-tightness is (6) measure the concentrations of the tracer gas at the exhaust
D6330−98 (2014)
of the chamber at the following time points:t=0, 0.25 t , 0.5 value. The above mixing test shall be conducted with a
n
t ,1.0t ,1.5t ,and2.0t ,wheret isthenominaltimeconstant simulated test specimen placed in the chamber.
n n n n n
and is equal to 1.0 h for the standard test condition. The
NOTE 2—The above test method is a simplified version of the decay
measured concentrations are compared to the values given by
methoddescribedinGuideD5116.Alternatively,themethodofdetermin-
the following theoretical equation under the perfect mixing
ing adequate air mixing described in Guide D5116 may also be used to
check the mixing condition in the chamber.
condition(inwhichtheconcentrationsmeasuredattheexhaust
are the same as those in the chamber):
5.2.1.3 Sample Specimen Holder—A sample specimen
2Nt
holder shall be used to hold the test specimen so that only the
C 5 C e (1)
~t! 0
test surface of the specimen is exposed to the chamber air.The
where:
holdershallbedesignedtominimizetheemissionsfromedges
C = initial concentration at t=0, µg/m ,
and non-testing surface of the specimen. A design example is
C = concentration at time t, µg/m ,
(t) shown in Fig. 2.
–1
N = air change rate, h , and
5.2.1.4 Sink Effect—Thechamberandspecimenholdershall
t = time from the start of the air purging, h.
have minimum sink effect. The recovery factor determined by
The maximum difference between the measured and calcu- the following procedure shall be higher than 95% for decane:
latedtheoreticalvaluesshallbewithin 65%ofthetheoretical (1) seal the supply inlet and exhaust of the chamber; (2) inject
NOTE 1—All materials for the sample holder should be made of electropolished stainless steel.
FIG. 2Schematic of an Example Sample Holder
D6330−98 (2014)
5 µg of vaporized decane into the chamber; (3) take an air purpos
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6330 − 98 (Reapproved 2008) D6330 − 98 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Practice for
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding
Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using
Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test
Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The practice measures the volatile organic compounds (VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufactured
wood-based panels. A pre-screening analysis is used to identify the VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is,
emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interest are then determined by measuring the concentrations in a small
environmental test chamber containing a specimen. The test chamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under the standard
environmental conditions. For formaldehyde determination, see Test Method D6007.
1.2 This practice describes a test method that is specific to the measurement of VOC emissions from newly manufactured
individual wood-based panels, such as particleboard, plywood, and oriented strand board (OSB), for the purpose of comparing the
emission characteristics of different products under the standard test condition. For general guidance on conducting small
environmental chamber tests, see Guide D5116.
1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamber are determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsorbent tube
or multi-adsorbent tube, followed by thermal desorption and combined gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or gas
chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical method recommended in this
practice are generally valid for the identification and quantification of VOCs with saturation vapor pressure between 500 and 0.01
kPa at 25°C, depending on the selection of adsorbent(s).
NOTE 1—VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on the adsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D6196). The user should
have a thorough understanding of the limitations of each adsorbent used.
1.4 The emission factors determined using the above procedure describe the emission characteristics of the specimen under the
standard test condition. These data can be used directly to compare the emission characteristics of different products and to estimate
the emission rates up to one month after the production. They shall not be used to predict the emission rates over longer periods
of time (that is, more than one month) or under different environmental conditions.
1.5 Emission data from chamber tests can be used for predicting the impact of wood-based panels on the VOC concentrations
in buildings by using an appropriate indoor air quality model, which is beyond the scope of this practice.
1.6 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10).
1.7 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of the standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specified hazard statements see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2014. Published September 2008November 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20032008
as D6330 - 98 (2003).D6330 – 98 (2008). DOI: 10.1520/D6330-98R08.10.1520/D6330-98R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6330 − 98 (2014)
D6007 Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from Wood Products Using a Small-Scale Chamber
D6196 Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, and Thermal Desorption Analysis Procedures for Volatile Organic
Compounds in Air
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
2.2 Other Standard:
EPA TO-17 Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling Onto Sorbent Tubes,
Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms that are commonly used, refer to Terminology D1356 and Practice E355. For
definitions and terms related to test methods using small-scale environmental chamber, refer to Guide D5116. For an explanation
of units, symbols, and conversion factors, refer to Practice D1914.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 environmental enclosure—a container or space in which the environmental test chamber(s) is placed. The enclosure has
controlled temperature and relative humidity.
2 3
3.2.2 loading ratio (m /m )—the total exposed surface area of each test specimen divided by the net air volume of the
environmental test chamber.
3.2.3 nominal time constant (t )—the time required to obtain one air change in the environmental test chamber, which is equal
n
to the inverse of the air change rate.
3.2.4 pre-screening analysis—a procedure for identifying the VOCs emitted from a test specimen. The results are used to
determine the appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical method for subsequent dynamic chamber tests.
3.2.5 standard environmental test chamber condition—a test condition of temperature at 23 6 0.5°C, relative humidity (RH)
2 3
at 50 6 5 %, air change rate per hour in the chamber at 1 6 0.03 ACH, and chamber loading ratio at 0.40 6 0.01 m /m .
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
The VOC emission rates for wood-based panel products are generally controlled by VOC diffusions within the material. The
airflow condition (air velocity and turbulence) over the test specimen has minimal effect on the emission rates; therefore, it is not
specified in the standard test condition.
3.2.6 tracer gas—a gaseous compound that is neither emitted by the wood-based panel nor present in the supply air to the
chamber. It can be used to determine the mixing characteristics of the environmental test chamber, and it provides a cross-check
of the air change rate measurements.
3.2.7 TVOC—total concentration of all the individual volatile organic compounds (VOC) captured from air by a given sorbent,
or a given combination of several sorbents, thermally desorbed into and eluted from a given gas chromatographic system and
measured by a given detector. For VOC definition, see Terminology D1356.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—
The measured value of TVOC will depend on the collection and desorption efficiency of the sorbent trap, the efficiency of transfer
to the GC column, the type and size of the GC column, the GC temperature program and other chromatographic parameters, and
the type of GC detector. One way to report TVOC values is recommended in 8.2.7.6.
3.2.8 wood-based panel test specimen—a specimen of a panel cut from an original wood-based panel sample, such as
particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), or plywood.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality in buildings have not been well established. One basic requirement
that has emerged from indoor air quality studies is the need for well-characterized test data on the emission factors of VOCs from
building materials. Standard test method and procedure are a requirement for the comparison of emission factor data from different
products.
4.2 This practice describes a procedure for using a small environmental test chamber to determine the emission factors of VOCs
from wood-based panels over a specified period of time. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided to identify the VOCs
emitted from the products, to determine the appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical procedure, and to estimate required sampling
volume for the subsequent environmental chamber testing.
D6330 − 98 (2014)
4.3 Test results obtained using this practice provide a basis for comparing the VOC emission characteristics of different
wood-based panel products. The emission data can be used to inform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their products.
The data can also be used to identify building materials with reduced VOC emissions over the time interval of the test.
4.4 While emission factors determined by using this practice can be used to compare different products, the concentrations
measured in the chamber shall not be considered as the resultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.
5. Apparatus
5.1 This practice requires the use of an environmental chamber test system, an air sample collection system, and a chemical
analysis system. A general guide for conducting small environmental chamber tests is provided in Guide D5116. The following
paragraphs describe the requirements that are specific to this practice:
5.2 Environmental Chamber Testing System—The system shall include an environmental test chamber, an environmental
enclosure, equipment for supplying clean and conditioned air to the chamber, and outlet fittings for sampling the air exhausted from
the chamber. Fig. 1 illustrates an example of such systems. All materials and components in contact with panel specimen or air
stream from the chamber inlet to sample collection point shall be chemically inert and accessible for cleaning. Suitable materials
include stainless steel and glass. All gaskets and flexible components shall be made from chemically inert materials.
5.2.1 Environmental Test Chamber—The chamber should have a volume of 0.05 m with the interior dimensions of 0.5 by 0.4
by 0.25-m high. A chamber with a different size and shape may also be used if the same standard environmental test chamber
conditions (see 3.2.63.2.5) can be maintained. The chamber shall include a supply air system having an inlet port with distributed
NOTE 1—The chamber assembly should be contained in an environmental enclosure to maintain the required temperature.
FIG. 1 Schematic of an Example Small Chamber Test System
D6330 − 98 (2014)
openings to assist mixing between the supply air and chamber air and an outlet port with distributed exhaust openings to ensure
that concentration measured at the chamber exhaust is the average concentration in the chamber. The chamber criteria are as
follows:
5.2.1.1 Air-Tightness of the Chamber—The nominal air leakage rate of the chamber shall be less than 1 % of the air change rate
used for the emission test at 10 Pa. Air-tightness is measured as follows: (1) seal the outlet of the chamber; (2) supply air to the
chamber through the inlet and adjust the airflow rate so that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the chamber
is maintained at 10 6 1 Pa, which is measured by a pressure transducer with a minimum specified accuracy of 61 Pa; and (3)
measure the airflow rate. The rate is the nominal leakage rate of the chamber.
5.2.1.2 Air Mixing in the Chamber—Adequate air mixing in the chamber shall be achieved to ensure that concentrations
measured at the chamber exhaust are representative of those in the chamber. This may be determined by using the following tracer
gas decay method: (1) place a small mixing fan (for example, a personal computer cooling fan) in the chamber; (2) operate the
chamber under the standard test condition and turn on the mixing fan; (3) inject a small amount (a pulse) of an inert tracer gas
(for example, SF ) into the chamber directly or by means of the supply air; (4) allow 5 min for the gas to mix with the chamber
air; (5) turn off the mixing fan and record the time as t = 0; and (6) measure the concentrations of the tracer gas at the exhaust
of the chamber at the following time points: t = 0, 0.25 t , 0.5 t , 1.0 t , 1.5 t , and 2.0 t , where t is the nominal time constant
n n n n n n
and is equal to 1.0 h for the standard test condition. The measured concentrations are compared to the values given by the following
theoretical equation under the perfect mixing condition (in which the concentrations measured at the exhaust are the same as those
in the chamber):
2Nt
C 5 C e (1)
t 0
~ !
where:
C = initial concentration at t=0, μg/m ,
C = concentration at time t, μg/m ,
(t)
–1
N = air change rate, h , and
t = time from the start of the air purging, h.
The maximum difference between the measured and calculated theoretical values shall be within 6 5 % of the theoretical value.
The above mixing test shall be conducted with a simulated test specimen placed in the chamber.
NOTE 2—The above test method is a simplified version of the decay method described in Guide D5116. Alternatively, the method of determining
adequate air mixing described in Guide D5116 may also be used to check the mixing condition in the chamber.
5.2.1.3 Sample Specimen Holder—A sample specimen holder shall be used to hold the test specimen so that only the test surface
of the specimen is exposed to the chamber air. The holder shall be designed to minimize the emissions from edges and non-testing
surface of the specimen. A design example is shown in Fig. 2.
5.2.1.4 Sink Effect—The chamber and specimen holder shall have minimum sink effect. The recovery factor determined by the
following procedure shall be higher than 95 % for decane: (1) seal the supply inlet and exhaust of the cham
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