ASTM D6330-98(2008)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test Conditions
Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality in buildings have not been well established. One basic requirement that has emerged from indoor air quality studies is the need for well-characterized test data on the emission factors of VOCs from building materials. Standard test method and procedure are a requirement for the comparison of emission factor data from different products.
This practice describes a procedure for using a small environmental test chamber to determine the emission factors of VOCs from wood-based panels over a specified period of time. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided to identify the VOCs emitted from the products, to determine the appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical procedure, and to estimate required sampling volume for the subsequent environmental chamber testing.
Test results obtained using this practice provide a basis for comparing the VOC emission characteristics of different wood-based panel products. The emission data can be used to inform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their products. The data can also be used to identify building materials with reduced VOC emissions over the time interval of the test.
While emission factors determined by using this practice can be used to compare different products, the concentrations measured in the chamber shall not be considered as the resultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.
SCOPE
1.1 The practice measures the volatile organic compounds (VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufactured wood-based panels. A pre-screening analysis is used to identify the VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is, emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interest are then determined by measuring the concentrations in a small environmental test chamber containing a specimen. The test chamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under the standard environmental conditions. For formaldehyde determination, see Test Method D 6007.
1.2 This practice describes a test method that is specific to the measurement of VOC emissions from newly manufactured individual wood-based panels, such as particleboard, plywood, and oriented strand board (OSB), for the purpose of comparing the emission characteristics of different products under the standard test condition. For general guidance on conducting small environmental chamber tests, see Guide D 5116.
1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamber are determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsorbent tube or multi-adsorbent tube, followed by thermal desorption and combined gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or gas chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical method recommended in this practice are generally valid for the identification and quantification of VOCs with saturation vapor pressure between 500 and 0.01 kPa at 25°C, depending on the selection of adsorbent(s).
Note 1—VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on the adsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D 6196). The user should have a thorough understanding of the limitations of each adsorbent used.
1.4 The emission factors determined using the above procedure describe the emission characteristics of the specimen under the standard test condition. These data can be used directly to compare the emission characteristics of different products and to estimate the emission rates up to one month after the production. They shall not be used to predict the emission rates over longer periods of time (that is, more than one month) or under different environmental conditions.
1.5 Emission data from chamber tests can be used for predicting the impact of wood-based panels on the VOC concentrations in buildings by using an appropriate indoor air quality model, which is beyond the scope of this practice.
1.6 The values stated in SI units shall be ...
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Designation:D6330 −98(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (Excluding
Formaldehyde) Emissions from Wood-Based Panels Using
Small Environmental Chambers Under Defined Test
Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 The emission factors determined using the above pro-
cedure describe the emission characteristics of the specimen
1.1 The practice measures the volatile organic compounds
under the standard test condition. These data can be used
(VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufactured
directly to compare the emission characteristics of different
wood-basedpanels.Apre-screeninganalysisisusedtoidentify
products and to estimate the emission rates up to one month
the VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is,
after the production. They shall not be used to predict the
emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interest
emission rates over longer periods of time (that is, more than
arethendeterminedbymeasuringtheconcentrationsinasmall
one month) or under different environmental conditions.
environmental test chamber containing a specimen. The test
1.5 Emission data from chamber tests can be used for
chamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under the
predicting the impact of wood-based panels on the VOC
standard environmental conditions. For formaldehyde
concentrations in buildings by using an appropriate indoor air
determination, see Test Method D6007.
quality model, which is beyond the scope of this practice.
1.2 This practice describes a test method that is specific to
1.6 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the
the measurement ofVOC emissions from newly manufactured
standard (see IEEE/ASTM SI-10).
individualwood-basedpanels,suchasparticleboard,plywood,
andorientedstrandboard(OSB),forthepurposeofcomparing 1.7 This practice does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the emission characteristics of different products under the
standard test condition. For general guidance on conducting responsibility of the user of the standard to consult and
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
small environmental chamber tests, see Guide D5116.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamber
For specified hazard statements see Section 6.
are determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsor-
benttubeormulti-adsorbenttube,followedbythermaldesorp-
2. Referenced Documents
tionandcombinedgaschromatograph/massspectrometry(GC/
2.1 ASTM Standards:
MS) or gas chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC/
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical method
Atmospheres
recommended in this practice are generally valid for the
D1914PracticeforConversionUnitsandFactorsRelatingto
identificationandquantificationofVOCswithsaturationvapor
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
pressure between 500 and 0.01 kPa at 25°C, depending on the
D5116Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
selection of adsorbent(s).
terminationsofOrganicEmissionsfromIndoorMaterials/
Products
NOTE 1—VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on the
adsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D6196). The
D6007TestMethodforDeterminingFormaldehydeConcen-
user should have a thorough understanding of the limitations of each
trations in Air from Wood Products Using a Small-Scale
adsorbent used.
Chamber
D6196Practice for Selection of Sorbents, Sampling, and
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
Qualityand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6330-98 (2003). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D6330-98R08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6330−98 (2008)
Thermal Desorption Analysis Procedures for Volatile Or- depend on the collection and desorption efficiency of the
ganic Compounds in Air sorbent trap, the efficiency of transfer to the GC column, the
E355PracticeforGasChromatographyTermsandRelation- type and size of the GC column, the GC temperature program
ships and other chromatographic parameters, and the type of GC
E741Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single detector. One way to report TVOC values is recommended in
Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution 8.2.7.6.
IEEE/ASTM SI-10Standard for Use of the International
3.2.8 wood-based panel test specimen—a specimen of a
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
panel cut from an original wood-based panel sample, such as
2.2 Other Standard:
particleboard, oriented strand board (OSB), or plywood.
EPA TO-17Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds
in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling Onto Sorbent 4. Significance and Use
Tubes, Compendium of Methods for the Determination of
4.1 The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality in
Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air
buildings have not been well established. One basic require-
ment that has emerged from indoor air quality studies is the
3. Terminology
need for well-characterized test data on the emission factors of
3.1 Definitions—For definitions and terms that are com-
VOCs from building materials. Standard test method and
monly used, refer to Terminology D1356 and Practice E355.
procedure are a requirement for the comparison of emission
For definitions and terms related to test methods using small-
factor data from different products.
scale environmental chamber, refer to Guide D5116. For an
4.2 This practice describes a procedure for using a small
explanation of units, symbols, and conversion factors, refer to
environmental test chamber to determine the emission factors
Practice D1914.
of VOCs from wood-based panels over a specified period of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
time. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided to
3.2.1 environmental enclosure—a container or space in
identify the VOCs emitted from the products, to determine the
which the environmental test chamber(s) is placed. The enclo-
appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical procedure, and to
sure has controlled temperature and relative humidity.
estimate required sampling volume for the subsequent envi-
2 3
3.2.2 loading ratio (m /m )—the total exposed surface area
ronmental chamber testing.
of each test specimen divided by the net air volume of the
4.3 Test results obtained using this practice provide a basis
environmental test chamber.
for comparing the VOC emission characteristics of different
3.2.3 nominaltimeconstant(t )—thetimerequiredtoobtain
n
wood-based panel products. The emission data can be used to
one air change in the environmental test chamber, which is
inform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their prod-
equal to the inverse of the air change rate.
ucts. The data can also be used to identify building materials
3.2.4 pre-screening analysis—a procedure for identifying with reducedVOC emissions over the time interval of the test.
theVOCsemittedfromatestspecimen.Theresultsareusedto
4.4 While emission factors determined by using this prac-
determine the appropriate GC/MS or GC/FID analytical
tice can be used to compare different products, the concentra-
method for subsequent dynamic chamber tests.
tions measured in the chamber shall not be considered as the
3.2.5 standardenvironmentaltestchambercondition—atest
resultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.
conditionoftemperatureat23 60.5°C,relativehumidity(RH)
5. Apparatus
at 50 6 5%, air change rate per hour in the chamber at 1 6
2 3
0.03 ACH, and chamber loading ratio at 0.40 6 0.01 m /m .
5.1 This practice requires the use of an environmental
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The VOC emission rates for wood-
chamber test system, an air sample collection system, and a
based panel products are generally controlled by VOC diffu-
chemicalanalysissystem.Ageneralguideforconductingsmall
sions within the material. The airflow condition (air velocity
environmental chamber tests is provided in Guide D5116. The
and turbulence) over the test specimen has minimal effect on
following paragraphs describe the requirements that are spe-
the emission rates; therefore, it is not specified in the standard
cific to this practice:
test condition.
5.2 Environmental Chamber Testing System—The system
3.2.6 tracer gas—a gaseous compound that is neither emit-
shall include an environmental test chamber, an environmental
tedbythewood-basedpanelnorpresentinthesupplyairtothe
enclosure, equipment for supplying clean and conditioned air
chamber.Itcanbeusedtodeterminethemixingcharacteristics
to the chamber, and outlet fittings for sampling the air
of the environmental test chamber, and it provides a cross-
exhausted from the chamber. Fig. 1 illustrates an example of
check of the air change rate measurements.
such systems. All materials and components in contact with
3.2.7 TVOC—total concentration of all the individual vola- panel specimen or air stream from the chamber inlet to sample
tile organic compounds (VOC) captured from air by a given collection point shall be chemically inert and accessible for
sorbent, or a given combination of several sorbents, thermally cleaning. Suitable materials include stainless steel and glass.
desorbed into and eluted from a given gas chromatographic All gaskets and flexible components shall be made from
system and measured by a given detector. ForVOC definition, chemically inert materials.
see Terminology D1356. 5.2.1 Environmental Test Chamber—The chamber should
3.2.7.1 Discussion—The measured value of TVOC will have a volume of 0.05 m with the interior dimensions of 0.5
D6330−98 (2008)
NOTE 1—The chamber assembly should be contained in an environmental enclosure to maintain the required temperature.
FIG. 1Schematic of an Example Small Chamber Test System
by 0.4 by 0.25-m high. A chamber with a different size and 5.2.1.2 Air Mixing in the Chamber—Adequateairmixingin
shapemayalsobeusedifthesamestandardenvironmentaltest the chamber shall be achieved to ensure that concentrations
chamber conditions (see 3.2.6) can be maintained. The cham- measured at the chamber exhaust are representative of those in
ber shall include a supply air system having an inlet port with the chamber. This may be determined by using the following
distributed openings to assist mixing between the supply air tracer gas decay method: (1) place a small mixing fan (for
and chamber air and an outlet port with distributed exhaust example, a personal computer cooling fan) in the chamber; (2)
openingstoensurethatconcentrationmeasuredatthechamber operate the chamber under the standard test condition and turn
exhaust is the average concentration in the chamber. The on the mixing fan; (3) inject a small amount (a pulse) of an
chamber criteria are as follows: inert tracer gas (for example, SF ) into the chamber directly or
5.2.1.1 Air-Tightness of the Chamber—The nominal air by means of the supply air; (4) allow 5 min for the gas to mix
leakage rate of the chamber shall be less than 1% of the air withthechamberair;(5)turnoffthemixingfanandrecordthe
change rate used for the emission test at 10 Pa.Air-tightness is time as t = 0; and (6) measure the concentrations of the tracer
measured as follows: (1) seal the outlet of the chamber; (2) gas at the exhaust of the chamber at the following time points:
supply air to the chamber through the inlet and adjust the t = 0, 0.25 t , 0.5 t , 1.0 t , 1.5 t , and 2.0 t , where t is the
n n n n n n
airflow rate so that the pressure difference between the inside nominaltimeconstantandisequalto1.0hforthestandardtest
and outside of the chamber is maintained at 10 6 1 Pa, which condition. The measured concentrations are compared to the
ismeasuredbyapressuretransducerwithaminimumspecified values given by the following theoretical equation under the
accuracy of 61 Pa; and (3) measure the airflow rate. The rate perfect mixing condition (in which the concentrations mea-
is the nominal leakage rate of the chamber. sured at the exhaust are the same as those in the chamber):
D6330−98 (2008)
2Nt
C 5 C e (1) test surface of the specimen is exposed to the chamber air.The
t 0
~ !
holdershallbedesignedtominimizetheemissionsfromedges
where:
and non-testing surface of the specimen. A design example is
C = initial concentration at t=0, µg/m ,
shown in Fig. 2.
C = concentration at time t, µg/m ,
(t)
5.2.1.4 Sink Effect—Thechamberandspecimenholdershall
–1
N = air change rate, h , and
have minimum sink effect. The recovery factor determined by
t = time from the start of the air purging, h.
the following procedure shall be higher than 95% for decane:
The maximum difference between the measured and calcu-
(1) seal the supply inlet and exhaust of the chamber; (2) inject
latedtheoreticalvaluesshallbewithin 65%ofthetheoretical
5 µg of vaporized decane into the chamber; (3) take an air
value. The above mixing test shall be conducted with a
sample from the chamber exhaust at 5 min after the injection,
simulated test specimen placed in the chamber.
andrecordthisconcentrationastheinitialconcentrationC and
the time as t=0;(4)at t = 0, begin purging the air through the
NOTE 2—The above test method is a simplified version of the decay
chamber at t = 0 under standard test conditions; (5) take air
methoddescribedinGuideD5116.Alternatively,themethodofdetermin-
ing adequate air mixing described in Guide D5116 may also be used to
samples from the chamber exhaust at the following times after
check the mixing condition in the chamber.
thestartofpurging: t1=0.25 t , t2=0.5 t , t3=1.0 t , t4=1.5
n n n
5.2.1.3 Sample Specimen Holder—A sample specimen t , t5 = 2.0 t , t6 = 3.0 t , t7 = 4.5 t , t8=6 t , t9=8 t , and
n n n n n n
holder shall be used to hold the test specimen so that only the t10=10 t , where t is the nominal time constant and is equal
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