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ASTM F959/F959M-17a(2023)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series

Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for two types (Types 8.8 and 10.9) of compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, in nominal diameter sizes M16 through M36, capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum bolt tension in a structural bolt and are intended for installation under either a bolt head or a hardened washer. Steel materials used in the manufacture of direct tension indicators shall be designed, processed, heat treated, and protectively coated as specified. The direct tension indicators shall conform to required chemical composition, compression load, outside diameter, number of protrusions, thickness values, inside diameter, and protrusion tangential diameter values.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, (DTIs) capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum tension in a structural bolting assembly.  
1.2 Eight types of DTIs in nominal diameter sizes 1/2 through 1 1/2 in. as well as M16 through M36 are covered:  
1.2.1 Type 325-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 1 bolts or Grade F1852 assemblies.  
1.2.2 Type 325–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325 Type 3 bolts or Grade F1852 Type 3 assemblies.  
1.2.3 Type 490–1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 1 bolts or Grade F2280 assemblies.  
1.2.4 Type 490–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490 Type 3 bolts Grade F2280 Type 3 assemblies.  
1.2.5 Type 8.8-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 1 bolts.  
1.2.6 Type 8.8-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A325M Type 3 bolts.  
1.2.7 Type 10.9-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 1 bolts.  
1.2.8 Type 10.9-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Grade A490M Type 3 bolts.  
1.3 DTIs are intended for installation with the protrusions against a hardened surface such as a bolt head, a hardened nut, or a hardened washer. (See Research Council on Structural Connections: Specification for Structural Joints Using High–Strength Bolts.)  
1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 DTIs to a Chemical Composition Requirement or a Corrosion Resistance Index (CRI) at the manufacturer’s discretion.  
1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise specified.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 10 and Appendix X1 of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2023
ICS
21.060.01 - Fasteners in general
Technical Committee
F16 - Fasteners
Drafting Committee
F16.06 - Steel Washers and Rivets
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F959/F959M-17a - Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM F3394/F3394M-20 - Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Backup and Reaction Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023
Referred By
ASTM F436/F436M-19 - Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
Effective Date
01-Nov-2023

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ASTM F959/F959M-17a(2023) - Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric SeriesASTM F959/F959M-17a(2023) - Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series
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ASTM F959/F959M-17a(2023) - Standard Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F959/F959M − 17a (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for
1
Use with Structural Fasteners, Inch and Metric Series
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F959/F959M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators, (DTIs)
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
capable of indicating the achievement of a specified minimum
used independently of the other, and values from the two
tension in a structural bolting assembly.
systems shall not be combined.
1
1.2 Eight types of DTIs in nominal diameter sizes ⁄2
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
1
through 1 ⁄2 in. as well as M16 through M36 are covered:
the test method portions, Section 10 and Appendix X1 of this
1.2.1 Type 325-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
Grade A325 Type 1 bolts or Grade F1852 assemblies.
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2.2 Type 325–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Grade A325 Type 3 bolts or Grade F1852 Type 3 assemblies.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.2.3 Type 490–1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Grade A490 Type 1 bolts or Grade F2280 assemblies.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2.4 Type 490–3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Grade A490 Type 3 bolts Grade F2280 Type 3 assemblies.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2.5 Type 8.8-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Grade A325M Type 1 bolts.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2.6 Type 8.8-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125 Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Grade A325M Type 3 bolts.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.7 Type 10.9-1—DTIs for use with Specification F3125
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Grade A490M Type 1 bolts.
A325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated,
1.2.8 Type 10.9-3—DTIs for use with Specification F3125
120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn
Grade A490M Type 3 bolts.
3
2016)
1.3 DTIs are intended for installation with the protrusions
A325M Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat
against a hardened surface such as a bolt head, a hardened nut,
Treated 830 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength (Metric)
3
or a hardened washer. (See Research Council on Structural
(Withdrawn 2016)
Connections: Specification for Structural Joints Using High-
A490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat
–Strength Bolts.)
Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength (Withdrawn
3
2016)
1.4 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 DTIs
A490M Specification for High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes
to a Chemical Composition Requirement or a Corrosion
10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)
Resistance Index (CRI) at the manufacturer’s discretion.
3
(Withdrawn 2016)
1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
A1059 Specification for Zinc Alloy Thermo-Diffusion Coat-
nology F1789 unless otherwise specified.
ings (TDC) on Steel Fasteners, Hardware, and Other
Products
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.06 on Steel Washers contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Rivets. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F959 – 17a. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F0959-17AR23. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM Intern
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs. These DTIs are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened washer or other flat hardened surface. The following are two types of DTIs: Type 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces and Type 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. DTIs shall have a configuration produced by extrusion, punching, pressing, or similar forming to permit a measurable decrease in thickness when placed in compression. The design shall be such that the degree of plastic deformation of the protrusions shall indicate the tension in a tightened cap screw, bolt, anchor, or stud. The process used for heat treatment of DTIs, if required, shall be through-hardening by heating to a temperature above the upper transformation temperature, quenching in oil, and then tempering by reheating to a suitable temperature to attain desired mechanical/performance properties. Protective coatings, platings, or finishes may be applied on the DTIs if specified. Compression load and hardness of the DTIs shall be determined by performing mechanical tests.
SCOPE
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This specification covers nails, spikes, staples, and other fasteners driven by hand tool, power tool, or mechanical device in single or multiple strikes and are positioned by hand, tool, or machine. The driven fasteners are classified as type I: nails (NL); type II: cut nails (CN); type III: spikes (SP); and type IV: staples (ST). Materials shall be tested and the individual types shall conform to the material requirements and physical properties, such as ductility, tensile strength. Protective coating and finishes are also detailed.
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1.1 This specification covers nails, spikes, staples, and other driven fasteners, as listed in Table 1.  
Note 1: Fastener ductility information is presented in Table 2 and dimensional information in Tables 3–63.  
1.2 Fasteners described in this specification are driven by hand tool, power tool, or mechanical device in single or multiple strikes and are positioned by hand, tool, or machine.  
1.3 This specification is applicable in either inch-pounds (F1667) or SI units [F1667M]. Values stated in SI are a mathematical conversion to two significant digits and are shown in brackets [ ].  
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5.1 Staples are mechanical fasteners used in wood structures. Engineering design procedures used to determine the capacities of laterally-loaded staple connections use a yield theory to establish nominal resistance (Note 2). In order to develop nominal resistance for laterally-loaded stapled connections, the bending yield moment must be known.
Note 2: When used as a structural fastener in shear walls and diaphragms, staples are installed with the crown parallel to the long dimension of the framing member. The orientation of the staples for this bending yield moment test represents the bending yield moment applicable for this intended use).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the bending yield moment of staples when subjected to static loading. Although intended for flat crown staples identified in Specification F1667/F1667M, this procedure is also applicable for staples with round wire. These staples are used in engineered wood building connection applications for which required connection capacities are specified by the designer.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: This test method is applicable in either inch-pounds F3359 or SI Units [F3359M]. Values stated in SI are a mathematical conversion and are shown in brackets [ ].  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ABSTRACT
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nails, spikes, staples, and other driven fasteners, as listed in Table 1.  
Note 1: Fastener ductility information is presented in Table 2 and dimensional information in Tables 3–64.  
1.2 Fasteners described in this specification are driven by hand tool, power tool, or mechanical device in single or multiple strikes and are positioned by hand, tool, or machine.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 Fasteners in this specification are sold in bulk (loose) form and are collated for loading into the magazine of an application tool. Other than as covered in Section 9, Workmanship, cohering materials (including, but not limited to, plastic, adhesive bond, paper tape, plastic strip, plastic carrier, wire, etc.) and relative orientation of collated fasteners are not within the scope of this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F606/F606M-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets

ABSTRACT
These test methods establishes the standard procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers and direct tension indicators, and rivets. For externally threaded fasteners, the mechanical tests describe the procedures for determining the following properties: product hardness; proof load by length measurement (Method 1), yield strength (Method 2), yield strength of austenitic stainless steel and nonferrous materials (Method 2A), and uniform hardness (Method 3); axial tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; wedge tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; tension of machined test specimens including yield point (by drop of the beam or halt of the pointer, autographic diagram, and total extension under load methods), yield strength (by offset, and extension under load methods), tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area; and total extension at fracture. As for internally threaded fasteners including nonheat- and heat-treated nuts, tests are provided for the determination of product hardness, proof load, and cone proof load. Test for determining the surface and core hardnesses are, conversely, described for direct tension indicators, and through-hardened, carburized, stainless steel, and nonferrous washers. And finally, product hardness testing is described for rivets. The test method for determining embrittlement of metallic coated externally threaded fasteners is detailed as well.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover establishment of procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, direct tension indicators, and rivets.  
1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for their determination are specified in individual product standards. In those instances where the testing requirements are unique or at variance with these standard procedures, the product standard shall specify the controlling testing requirements. In the absence of any specified test requirement(s), these test methods shall apply.  
1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for determining the following properties:    
Section    
For Externally Threaded Fasteners:  
3  
Product Hardness  
3.1  
Proof Load  
3.2.1  
Method 1, Length Measurement  
3.2.3  
Method 2, Yield Strength  
3.2.4  
Method 3, Uniform Hardness  
3.2.5  
Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product  
3.4  
Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product  
3.5  
Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens  
3.6  
Total Extension at Fracture Test
Single Sheer Test  
3.7
3.8  
For Internally Threaded Fasteners:  
4  
Product Hardness  
4.1  
Proof Load Test  
4.2  
Cone Proof Load Test  
4.3  
For Washers and Direct Tension Indicators:  
5  
Product Hardness-General Requirements  
5.1  
Through Hardened Washers  
5.2  
Carburized Washers  
5.3  
Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers  
5.4  
Direct Tension Indicators  
5.5  
Compression Load  
5.6  
For Rivets:  
6  
Product Hardness  
6.1  
Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externally Threaded Fasteners  
7  
Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization  
8  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: The values are stated in inch-pound for inch fasteners and SI metric units for metric fasteners.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish approp...

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