ASTM G219-18
(Guide)Standard Guide for Determination of Static Coefficient of Friction of Test Couples Using an Inclined Plane Testing Device
Standard Guide for Determination of Static Coefficient of Friction of Test Couples Using an Inclined Plane Testing Device
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Guide G115 lists a number of ASTM International standards that use the inclined plane test rig to measure the static coefficient of specific tribosystems. This guide applies to any couple that can be made into test specimens that can be made into a rider on a plane that can be angled to produce motion of the body on the plane. Footwear on walkway surfaces is an example of a very important application. Flooring surfaces that are slippery to various types of footwear can produce accidents and testing should be done on candidate flooring surfaces and candidate shoe soles and heels to quantify their relative slip resistance. This guide shows how an inclined plane can be used to make such a comparison.
5.2 The inclined plane method is also very useful in machine design in which parts of components shall slide unassisted down chutes and the like. An inclined plane test can be used to determine the chute angle that is needed to allow motion on all parts that are placed on the chute. The applications are numerous.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to standardize the use of an inclined plane testing device to measure the breakaway friction (static) coefficient of mating couples that are of such size and shape that they can be made into a rider (one member of the sliding couple) on a flat surface (the second member of the sliding couple) that can be inclined at an angle to produce motion of the rider. The tangent of the angle at which breakaway motion of the rider occurs on the angled plane is the breakaway or static coefficient of friction for that sliding couple.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: G219 − 18
Standard Guide for
Determination of Static Coefficient of Friction of Test
1
Couples Using an Inclined Plane Testing Device
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G219; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 friction force, n—resisting force tangential to the
interfacebetweentwobodies,whenunderactionofanexternal
1.1 This guide is intended to standardize the use of an
force, one body moves or tends to move relative to the other.
inclined plane testing device to measure the breakaway friction
(static) coefficient of mating couples that are of such size and
3.1.2 static coeffıcient of friction, n—coefficient of friction
shape that they can be made into a rider (one member of the corresponding to the maximum friction force that shall be
sliding couple) on a flat surface (the second member of the
overcome to initiate macroscopic motion between two bodies.
sliding couple) that can be inclined at an angle to produce
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Breakaway friction coefficient is syn-
motion of the rider. The tangent of the angle at which
onymous with static coefficient of friction.
breakawaymotionoftherideroccursontheangledplaneisthe
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
breakaway or static coefficient of friction for that sliding
3.2.1 inclined plane device, n—mechanism with a flat hori-
couple.
zontal surface to be made of or covered with a material of
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
interest on which a second member made of a material of
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
interest can be placed and the mechanism is then actuated such
this standard.
that the horizontal plane is increasingly angled with respect to
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the its original horizontal position until motion is produced on the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the member placed on the raising plane.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The device allows for the continuous
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
measurement of the angle of inclination and the angle at which
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
motion of the rider commences.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.2 rider, n—body to be placed on the inclined plane.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Summary of Guide
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4.1 The technique of placing an object on a flat and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. horizontal “plane” such as a piece of sheet metal and raising
one end of the sheet until the body placed on the sheet starts to
2. Referenced Documents
slide has been used for centuries to compare the ease with
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: which different objects or materials slide on each other.
Quantitative comparison of various couples can be made by
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
measuring the angle at which the body placed on the plane
G115 Guide for Measuring and Reporting Friction Coeffi-
startstoslide.Theangleatwhichmotioncommencesisthetest
cients
metric.The test couple is the plane surface and the surface that
3. Terminology
contacts the plane. For example, if a shoe is placed on a
flooring sample on the inclined plane, the test couple is the
3.1 Definitions:
shoe sole versus the type of flooring. Different shoe bottoms
can be compared for their ability to slip on particular flooring.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and
The materials of construction as well as the nature of the
Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.50 on Friction.
contacting surfaces determine the breakaway angle. When
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/
G0219-18.
ranking, for example, different shoe soles on particular
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
flooring, the shoes are weighted so that they are all the same
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
weight when compared for ease of sliding on the flooring of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary pag
...
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