ASTM D5931-13(2017)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital Density Meter
Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital Density Meter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize engine coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants.
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of these products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 20 °C (68 °F).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of engine coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants.
1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty.
1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per milliliter or kilograms per cubic meter.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D5931 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant
Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital
Density Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthedensity
3.1.1 relative density, n—the ratio of the density of a
or relative density of engine coolant concentrates and aqueous
material at a stated temperature to the density of water at the
engine coolants.
same stated temperature.
1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so
dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell
4. Summary of Test Method
cannot be established with certainty.
4.1 A small volume of liquid sample is introduced into an
1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per
oscillatingsampletube,andthechangeinoscillatingfrequency
milliliter or kilograms per cubic meter.
caused by the change in the mass of the tube is used in
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conjunction with calibration data to determine the density of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the the sample.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be
For specific hazard statements, see Note 1.
usedinconjunctionwithotherpropertiestocharacterizeengine
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of these
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
to volumes at the standard temperature of 20°C (68°F).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Digital Density Analyzer, consisting of a U-shaped,
2. Referenced Documents
oscillating sample tube and a system for electronic excitation,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
frequency counting, and display.The analyzer must accommo-
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
date the accurate measurement of the sample temperature
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
duringmeasurementormustcontrolthesampletemperatureas
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
described in 6.2. The instrument must meet the precision
E230/E230MSpecification for Temperature-Electromotive
requirements described in this test method.
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
6.2 Circulating Constant—Temperature Bath, (optional) ca-
pable of maintaining the temperature of the circulating liquid
constantto 60.05°Cinthedesiredrange.Temperaturecontrol
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
can be maintained as part of the density analyzer instrument
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
package.
D15.03 on Physical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally
6.3 Syringes, at least 2 mL in volume with a tip or an
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5931–13. DOI:
adapter tip that will fit the opening of the oscillating tube.
10.1520/D5931-13R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.4 Flow-Through or Pressure Adapter, for use as an alter-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
native means of introducing the sample into the density
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. analyzer either by a pump or by vacuum.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5931 − 13 (2017)
6.5 Temperature Measuring Instrument, (Environmentally whenthesamplecellcontainsairandredistilled,freshlyboiled
safe thermometer or thermocouple).AnASTM Partial Immer- and cooled reagent water.
sion Thermometer, having a range from –5 to 300°C (20 to 9.2.1 While monitoring the oscillator period, (T), flush the
580°F) and conforming to the requirements for thermometer sample tube with distilled water followed by an acetone flush
2C or 2F, as prescribed in Specification D1193, or some and drying with dry air. Contaminated or humid air can affect
suitable non-mercury containing temperature measuring the calibration. When these conditions exist in the laboratory,
device, such as a thermocouple, capable of operating in the pass the air used for calibration through a suitable purification
same temperature range and having equal or better accuracy as and drying train. In addition, the inlet and outlet ports for the
summarized in Specification E230/E230M. See Section 13, U-tubemustbepluggedduringmeasurementofthecalibration
Precision and Bias. The data presented in this paragraph is air to prevent ingress of moist air.
derived using mercury-in-glass thermometers only. 9.2.2 Allow the dry air in the U-tube to come to thermal
equilibrium with the test temperature and record the T-value
7. Reagents and Materials
for air.
9.2.3 Introduce a small volume of redistilled, freshly boiled
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all
and cooled reagent water into the sample tube opening using a
tests. Unless otherwise indicated, all reagents shall conform to
suitable syringe. The test portion must be homogeneous and
the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of
free of even the smallest air or gas bubbles. The sample tube
theAmerican Chemical Society, where such specifications are
does not have to be completely full as long as the liquid
available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first
meniscus is beyond the suspension point.Allow the display to
ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to
reach a steady reading and record the T-value for water.
permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-
9.2.4 Record the density of air at the temperature and
nation.
atmospheric pressure of the test. Calculate the density of air at
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
the temperature of test using the following equation:
to water mean reagent water as defined by Type II of
d , g/mL 5 0.001293@273.15/T#@P/760# (1)
a
Specification D1193.
where:
7.3 Water, redistilled, freshly boiled and cooled reagent
water for use as a primary calibration standard. T = temperature, degrees Kelvin, K, and
P = barometric pressure, torr.
7.4 Acetone, for flushing and drying the sample tube.
9.2.5 Determine the density of water at the temperature of
NOTE 1—Warning: Acetone is extremely flammable.
test by reference to Table 1.
7.5 Dry Air, for drying the oscillator tube.
9.2.6 Using the observed T-values and the reference values
for water and air, calculate the values of the constants A and B
8. Preparation of Apparatus
using the following equations:
2 2
8.1 Set up the density analyzer and constant temperature
A 5 T 2 T / d 2 d (2)
@ # @ #
w a w a
bath following the manufacturer’s instructions.Adjust the bath
B 5 T 2 ~A 3d ! (3)
a a
orinternaltemperaturecontrolsothatthedesiredtesttempera-
ture is established and maintained in the sample compartment where:
of the analyzer. Calibrate the instrument at the same tempera-
T = observedperiodofoscillationforcellcontainingwater,
w
ture at which the density of the sample is to be measured.
T = observed period of oscillation for cell containing air,
a
d = density of water at test temperature, °C, and
w
NOTE 2—Precise setting and control of the test temperature in the
d = density of air at test temperature,°C.
a
sample tube is extremely important. An error of 1.0°C can result in a
change in density of one in the third decimal place.
Alternatively, use the T and d values for the other reference
liquid if one is used.
9. Calibration of Apparatus
A
TABLE 1 Density of Water
9.1 Calibrate the instrument when first set up and whenever
Temperature, Density, Temperature, Density, Temperature, Density,
thetesttemperatureischanged.Thereafter,conductcalibration
°C g/mL °C g/mL °C g/mL
checks at weekly intervals during routine operation.
0 0.99987 21 0.99802 40 0.99224
3 0.99999 22 0.99780 45 0.99025
9.2 Initial calibration, or calibration after a change in test
4 1.00000 23 0.99756 50 0.98807
temperature, necessitates calculation of the values of the
5 0.99999 24 0.99732 55 0.98573
constants A and B from the periods of oscillation (T) observed 10 0.99973 25 0.99707 60 0.98324
15 0.99913 26 0.99681 65 0.98059
15.56 0.99904 27 0.99654 70 0.97781
16 0.99897 28 0.99626 75 0.97489
17 0.99880
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5931 − 13 D5931 − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant
Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital
Density Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of engine coolant concentrates and aqueous
engine coolants.
1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot
be established with certainty.
1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per milliliter or kilograms per cubic meter.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 1.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
E230E230/E230M Specification andfor Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF)(emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 relative density, n—the ratio of the density of a material at a stated temperature to the density of water at the same stated
temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A small volume of liquid sample is introduced into an oscillating sample tube, and the change in oscillating frequency
caused by the change in the mass of the tube is used in conjunction with calibration data to determine the density of the sample.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize engine
coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants.
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of these products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to
volumes at the standard temperature of 20°C (68°F).20 °C (68 °F).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.03 on
Physical Properties.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2017. Published June 2013November 2017. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20072013 as
D5931–96(2007)D5931–13. DOI: 10.1520/D5931-13.10.1520/D5931-13R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5931 − 13 (2017)
6. Apparatus
6.1 Digital Density Analyzer, consisting of a U-shaped, oscillating sample tube and a system for electronic excitation, frequency
counting, and display. The analyzer must accommodate the accurate measurement of the sample temperature during measurement
or must control the sample temperature as described in 6.2. The instrument must meet the precision requirements described in this
test method.
6.2 Circulating Constant—Temperature Bath, (optional) capable of maintaining the temperature of the circulating liquid
constant to 60.05°C60.05 °C in the desired range. Temperature control can be maintained as part of the density analyzer
instrument package.
6.3 Syringes, at least 2 mL in volume with a tip or an adapter tip that will fit the opening of the oscillating tube.
6.4 Flow-Through or Pressure Adapter, for use as an alternative means of introducing the sample into the density analyzer either
by a pump or by vacuum.
6.5 Temperature Measuring Instrument, (Environmentally safe thermometer or thermocouple). An ASTM Partial Immersion
Thermometer, having a range from -5–5 to 300°C300 °C (20 to 580°F)580 °F) and conforming to the requirements for
thermometer 2C or 2F, as prescribed in Specification D1193, or some suitable non-mercury containing temperature measuring
device, such as a thermocouple, capable of operating in the same temperature range and having equal or better accuracy as
summarized in Specification E230E230/E230M. See sectionSection 13, Precision and Bias. The data presented in this paragraph
is derived using mercury-in-glass thermometers only.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, all reagents shall conform to the
specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such specifications are
available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use
without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water mean reagent water as defined by Type II of Specification
D1193.
7.3 Water, redistilled, freshly boiled and cooled reagent water for use as a primary calibration standard.
7.4 Acetone, for flushing and drying the sample tube.
NOTE 1—Warning: Acetone is extremely flammable.
7.5 Dry Air, for drying the oscillator tube.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Set up the density analyzer and constant temperature bath following the manufacturer’s instructions. Adjust the bath or
internal temperature control so that the desired test temperature is established and maintained in the sample compartment of the
analyzer. Calibrate the instrument at the same temperature at which the density of the sample is to be measured.
NOTE 2—Precise setting and control of the test temperature in the sample tube is extremely important. An error of 1.0°C1.0 °C can result in a change
in density of one in the third decimal place.
9. Calibration of Apparatus
9.1 Calibrate the instrument when first set up and whenever the test temperature is changed. Thereafter, conduct calibration
checks at weekly intervals during routine operation.
9.2 Initial calibration, or calibration after a change in test temperature, necessitates calculation of the values of the constants A
and B from the periods of oscillation (T) observed when the sample cell contains air and redistilled, freshly boiled and cooled
reagent water.
9.2.1 While monitoring the oscillator period, (T), flush the sample tube with distilled water followed by an acetone flush and
drying with dry air. Contaminated or humid air can affect the calibration. When these conditions exist in the laboratory, pass the
air used for calibration through a suitable purification and drying train. In addition, the inlet and outlet ports for the U-tube must
be plugged during measurement of the calibration air to prevent ingress of moist air.
9.2.2 Allow the dry air in the U-tube to come to thermal equilibrium with the test temperature and record the T-value for air.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National
Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
D5931 − 13 (2017)
9.2.3 Introduce a small volume of redistilled, freshly boiled and cooled reagent water into the sample tube opening using a
suitable syringe. The test portion must be homogeneous and free of even the smallest air or gas bubbles. The sample tube does
not have to be completely full as long as the liquid meniscus is beyond the suspension point. Allow the display to reach a steady
reading and record the T-value for water.
9.2.4 Record the density of air at the temperature and atmospheric pressure of the test. Calculate the density of air at the
temperature of test using the following equation:
d , g/mL 5 0.001293 273.15/T P/760 (1)
@ #@ #
a
where:
T = temperature, degrees Kelvin, K, and
P = barometric pressure, torr.
9.2.5 Determine the density of water at the temperature of test by reference to Table 1.
9.2.6 Using the observed T-values and the reference values for water and air, calculate the values of the constants A and B using
the following equations:
2 2
A 5 T 2 T / d 2 d (2)
@ # @ #
w a w a
B 5 T 2 ~A 3d ! (3)
a a
where:
T = observed period of oscillation for cell containing water,
w
T = observed period of oscillation for cell containing air,
a
d = density of water at test temperature, °C, and
w
d = density of air at test temperature,° C.
a
d = density of air at test temperature,
...
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