ASTM D7896-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, and Volumetric Heat Capacity of Engine Coolants and Related Fluids by Transient Hot Wire Liquid Thermal Conductivity Method
Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, and Volumetric Heat Capacity of Engine Coolants and Related Fluids by Transient Hot Wire Liquid Thermal Conductivity Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method covers the measurement of thermal properties for engine coolants (aqueous or non-aqueous) and related fluids.
5.2 With each single measurement, the thermal conductivity (λ) and thermal diffusivity (α) are measured directly, and volumetric heat capacity (VHC) is determined by the relationship:
5.3 The test method is transient and requires only a small amount of specimen and a short duration of time (0.8 s) to run a measurement. These attributes minimize heat convection in the liquid.
5.4 The brief application of current to the sensor wire adds very little heat to the test specimen and ten repetitive tests may be applied at 30 s intervals without causing any significant convection or temperature drift.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of a transient hot wire liquid thermal conductivity method and associated equipment (the System) for the determination of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity of aqueous engine coolants, non-aqueous engine coolants, and related fluids. The System is intended for use in a laboratory.
1.2 The System directly measures thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity without the requirement to input any additional properties. Volumetric heat capacity is calculated by dividing the thermal conductivity by the thermal diffusivity of the sample measured.
1.3 This test method can be applied to any aqueous or non-aqueous engine coolants or related fluid with thermal conductivity in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 W/m∙K.
1.4 This test method excludes fluids that react with platinum.
1.5 The range of temperatures applicable to this test method is –20 to 100 °C.
1.6 This test method requires a sample of approximately 40 mL.
1.7 The System may be used without external pressurization for any fluid having a vapor pressure of 33.8 kPa (4.9 psia) or less at the test temperature.
1.8 For a fluid having a vapor pressure greater than 33.8 kPa (4.9 psia) at the test temperature, external pressurization is required (see Annex A2).
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7896 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, and Volumetric
Heat Capacity of Engine Coolants and Related Fluids by
1
Transient Hot Wire Liquid Thermal Conductivity Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers the use of a transient hot wire
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
liquid thermal conductivity method and associated equipment
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
(the System) for the determination of thermal conductivity,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
thermal diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity of aqueous
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
engine coolants, non-aqueous engine coolants, and related
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fluids. The System is intended for use in a laboratory.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 The System directly measures thermal conductivity and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
thermal diffusivity without the requirement to input any
2. Referenced Documents
additional properties.Volumetric heat capacity is calculated by
2
dividing the thermal conductivity by the thermal diffusivity of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the sample measured.
D1176Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
tionsofEngineCoolantsorAntirustsforTestingPurposes
1.3 This test method can be applied to any aqueous or
D5931Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
non-aqueous engine coolants or related fluid with thermal
Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Cool-
conductivity in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 W/m·K.
ants by Digital Density Meter
1.4 This test method excludes fluids that react with plati-
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
num.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.5 Therangeoftemperaturesapplicabletothistestmethod
3. Terminology
is –20 to 100°C.
3.1 Definitions of Thermal Related Units:
1.6 This test method requires a sample of approximately 40
3.1.1 density (ρ),n—the mass per unit volume of a sub-
mL.
stance under specific conditions of pressure and temperature.
1.7 TheSystemmaybeusedwithoutexternalpressurization
3
Unit: kg/m .
for any fluid having a vapor pressure of 33.8 kPa (4.9 psia) or
3.1.2 specific heat capacity (Cp),n—the amount of heat
less at the test temperature.
required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of material by
1.8 Forafluidhavingavaporpressuregreaterthan33.8kPa
1°C. See Annex A1. Unit: J/(kg·K).
(4.9 psia) at the test temperature, external pressurization is
3.1.3 thermal conductivity (λ),n—rate of heat flow under
required (see Annex A2).
steady conditions through unit area, per unit temperature
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
gradient in the direction perpendicular to the area. Unit:
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
W/m·K.
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.1.4 thermal diffusivity(α),n—ameasureoftheabilityofa
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the 2
substance to transmit a difference in temperature. Unit: m /s.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.5 volumetric heat capacity (VHC),n—the amount of
heat required to raise the temperature of a unit volume of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
Coolants and Related Fluids, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
D15.22 on Non-Aqueous Coolants. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7896–14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7896–19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7896 − 19
material by 1°C. Volumetric heat capacity is the thermal specimen are determined. Volumetric heat capa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7896 − 14 D7896 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, and Volumetric
Heat Capacity of Engine Coolants and Related Fluids by
1
Transient Hot Wire Liquid Thermal Conductivity Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the use of a transient hot wire liquid thermal conductivity method and associated equipment (the
System) for the determination of thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity of aqueous engine coolants,
non-aqueous engine coolants, and related fluids. The System is intended for use in a laboratory.
1.2 The System directly measures thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity without the requirement to input any additional
properties. Volumetric heat capacity is calculated by dividing the thermal conductivity by the thermal diffusivity of the sample
measured.
1.3 This test method can be applied to any aqueous or non-aqueous engine coolants or related fluid with thermal conductivity
in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 W/m—K.
1.4 This test method excludes fluids that react with platinum.
1.5 The range of temperatures applicable to this test method is –20 to 100°C.100 °C.
1.6 This test method requires a sample of approximately 40 mL.
1.7 The System may be used without external pressurization for any fluid having a vapor pressure of 33.8 kPa (4.9 psia) or less
at the test temperature.
1.8 For a fluid having a vapor pressure greater than 33.8 kPa (4.9 psia) at the test temperature, external pressurization is required
(see Annex A2).
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this The values
given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.9.1 Exception—Inch-pound units are provided in 1.7, 1.8, 4.1, 7.8, and A2.1 for information.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solutions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes
D5931 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital
Density Meter
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Coolants and Related Fluids, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.22
on Non-Aqueous Coolants.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014June 1, 2019. Published June 2014June 2019. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7896–14.
DOI: 10.1520/D7896-14.10.1520/D7896–19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7896 − 19
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Thermal Related Units:
3
3.1.1 density (ρ),n—the mass per unit volume of a substance under specific conditions of pressure and temperature. Unit: kg/m .
3.1.2 specific heat capacity (Cp),n—the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of material by 1°C.1 °C.
See Annex A1. Unit: J/(kg—K).
3.1.3 thermal conductivity (λ),n—rate of heat flow under steady conditions through unit area, per unit temperature gradient in
the direction perpendic
...
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