ASTM A991/A991M-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
Standard Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Furnaces for heat treatment of steel products are used in many industries, in many ways. Regardless of heat treat furnace type, or processing cycle, it may be necessary for users to know the temperature uniformity in the furnace and whether the material is processed in a zone within the furnace that is capable of meeting the applicable permissible temperature variation requirements.
The procedures in this test method may be used by those using, manufacturing, and providing calibration service for, heat treat furnaces used to process steel products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedures used to conduct a temperature uniformity survey on a furnace used to heat treat steel products. This method is used to determine the capability of the furnace to meet the permissible temperature variation specified in the applicable product specification, or as agreed to by the purchaser and supplier of heat treat services. Survey documentation requirements, and the procedure used to subsequently establish the furnace working zone, are defined in this test method.
1.2 This test method covers heat treat furnaces in any of the following categories:
1.2.1 Continuous or semi-continuous conveyance furnaces,
1.2.2 Batch furnaces, and
1.2.3 Salt or liquid baths and fluidized beds.
1.3 This test method only applies when specified in the product specification or the purchase order.
1.4 Controlling a heat treatment of steel products using thermocouples attached to the extremities of each load is an alternative to performing a furnace survey.
1.5 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier of heat treat services, more stringent and/or additional requirements may be specified. The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:A991/A991M–08
Standard Test Method for
Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces
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Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA991/A991M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the procedures used to conduct
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a temperature uniformity survey on a furnace used to heat treat
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
steel products. This method is used to determine the capability
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of the furnace to meet the permissible temperature variation
specified in the applicable product specification, or as agreed to
2. Referenced Documents
by the purchaser and supplier of heat treat services. Survey
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
documentation requirements, and the procedure used to subse-
E207 Test Method for Thermal EMF Test of Single Ther-
quently establish the furnace working zone, are defined in this
moelement Materials by Comparison with a Reference
test method.
Thermoelement of Similar EMF-Temperature Properties
1.2 This test method covers heat treat furnaces in any of the
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
following categories:
Comparison Techniques
1.2.1 Continuous or semi-continuous conveyance furnaces,
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
1.2.2 Batch furnaces, and
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
1.2.3 Salt or liquid baths and fluidized beds.
E608/E608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-
1.3 This test method only applies when specified in the
Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples
product specification or the purchase order.
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2.2 SAE Standard:
1.4 Controlling a heat treatment of steel products using
AMS 2750 Pyrometry
thermocouples attached to the extremities of each load is an
alternative to performing a furnace survey.
3. Terminology
1.5 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
supplier of heat treat services, more stringent and/or additional
3.1.1 batch furnace, n—heating device in which material
requirements may be specified. The acceptance of any such
may be stationary or oscillating during the processing cycle.
additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations
3.1.2 continuous conveyance furnace, n—heating device
with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed
through which material is moved intentionally at a constant
upon by the purchaser and supplier.
rate during the processing cycle.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.3 extremities, n—as referring to furnace working zone;
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
outer boundaries in all three dimensions (length, width, and
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
height) of the material being processed.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.4 operating range, n—expected range of temperature
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
over which a furnace will be controlled to heat treat steel
with the standard.
products.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
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Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Products and Processes. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
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approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A991/A991M – 98 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
(2004). DOI: 10.1520/A0991_A0991M-08. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A991/A991M–08
3.1.5 primary survey, n—initial evaluation of the furnace, 6.1.1.1 If the operating range does not exceed a spread of
or an evaluation triggered by the initiation of a major furnace 300°F [150°C],
...
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