ASTM A991/A991M-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
Standard Test Method for Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Furnaces for heat treatment of steel products are used in many industries, in many ways. Regardless of heat treat furnace type, or processing cycle, it may be necessary for users to know the temperature uniformity in the furnace and whether the material is processed in a zone within the furnace that is capable of meeting the applicable permissible temperature variation requirements.
The procedures in this test method may be used by those using, manufacturing, and providing calibration service for, heat treat furnaces used to process steel products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedures used to conduct a temperature uniformity survey on a furnace used to heat treat steel products. This method is used to determine the capability of the furnace to meet the permissible temperature variation specified in the applicable product specification, or as agreed to by the purchaser and supplier of heat treat services. Survey documentation requirements, and the procedure used to subsequently establish the furnace working zone, are defined in this test method.
1.2 This test method covers heat treat furnaces in any of the following categories:
1.2.1 Continuous or semi-continuous conveyance furnaces,
1.2.2 Batch furnaces, and
1.2.3 Salt or liquid baths and fluidized beds.
1.3 This test method only applies when specified in the product specification or the purchase order.
1.4 Controlling a heat treatment of steel products using thermocouples attached to the extremities of each load is an alternative to performing a furnace survey.
1.5 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier of heat treat services, more stringent and/or additional requirements may be specified. The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A991/A991M − 10
StandardTest Method for
Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces
1
Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA991/A991M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers the procedures used to conduct
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a temperature uniformity survey on a furnace used to heat treat
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
steel products. This method is used to determine the capability
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of the furnace to meet the permissible temperature variation
specified in the applicable product specification, or as agreed to
2. Referenced Documents
by the purchaser and supplier of heat treat services. Survey
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
documentation requirements, and the procedure used to subse-
E207 Test Method for Thermal EMF Test of Single Thermo-
quently establish the furnace working zone, are defined in this
element Materials by Comparison with a Reference Ther-
test method.
moelement of Similar EMF-Temperature Properties
1.2 This test method covers heat treat furnaces in any of the E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
following categories:
Comparison Techniques
1.2.1 Continuous or semi-continuous conveyance furnaces, E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
1.2.2 Batch furnaces, and
E608/E608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-
1.2.3 Salt or liquid baths and fluidized beds.
Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples
1.3 This test method only applies when specified in the 3
2.2 SAE Standard:
product specification or the purchase order.
AMS 2750 Pyrometry
1.4 Controlling a heat treatment of steel products using
3. Terminology
thermocouples attached to the extremities of each load is an
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
alternative to performing a furnace survey.
3.1.1 batch furnace, n—heating device in which material
1.5 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
may be stationary or oscillating during the processing cycle.
supplier of heat treat services, more stringent and/or additional
3.1.2 continuous conveyance furnace, n—heating device
requirements may be specified. The acceptance of any such
through which material is moved intentionally at a constant
additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations
rate during the processing cycle.
with the supplier and must be included in the order as agreed
3.1.3 extremities, n—as referring to furnace working zone;
upon by the purchaser and supplier.
outer boundaries in all three dimensions (length, width, and
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
height) of the material being processed.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.4 operating range, n—expected range of temperature
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
over which a furnace will be controlled to heat treat steel
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
products.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
3.1.5 primary survey, n—initial evaluation of the furnace, or
an evaluation triggered by the initiation of a major furnace
modification.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
2
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A01.13 on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Products and Processes. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A991/A991M – 08. Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
DOI: 10.1520/A0991_A0991M-10. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A991/A991M − 10
3.1.6 secondary survey, n—evaluation of the furnace trig- 6.1.1.2
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A991/A991M–08 Designation:A991/A991M–10
Standard Test Method for
Conducting Temperature Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces
1
Used to Heat Treat Steel Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA991/A991M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the procedures used to conduct a temperature uniformity survey on a furnace used to heat treat steel
products. This method is used to determine the capability of the furnace to meet the permissible temperature variation specified
in the applicable product specification, or as agreed to by the purchaser and supplier of heat treat services. Survey documentation
requirements, and the procedure used to subsequently establish the furnace working zone, are defined in this test method.
1.2 This test method covers heat treat furnaces in any of the following categories:
1.2.1 Continuous or semi-continuous conveyance furnaces,
1.2.2 Batch furnaces, and
1.2.3 Salt or liquid baths and fluidized beds.
1.3 This test method only applies when specified in the product specification or the purchase order.
1.4 Controlling a heat treatment of steel products using thermocouples attached to the extremities of each load is an alternative
to performing a furnace survey.
1.5 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier of heat treat services, more stringent and/or additional
requirements may be specified. The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations with the
supplier and must be included in the order as agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E207 Test Method forThermal EMFTest of SingleThermoelement Materials by Comparison with a ReferenceThermoelement
of Similar EMF-Temperature Properties
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E608/E608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples
3
2.2 SAE Standard:
AMS 2750 Pyrometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 batch furnace, n—heating device in which material may be stationary or oscillating during the processing cycle.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.13
on Mechanical and Chemical Testing and Processing Methods of Steel Products and Processes.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A991/A991M–98 (2004). DOI:
10.1520/A0991_A0991M-08.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A991/A991M – 08. DOI:
10.1520/A0991_A0991M-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A991/A991M–10
3.1.2 continuous conveyance furnace, n—heating device through which material is moved intentionally at a constant rate during
the processing cycle.
3.1.3 extremities, n
...
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