ASTM E74-18

Standard Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-Measuring Instruments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Testing machines that apply and indicate force are in general use in many industries. Practices E4 has been written to provide a practice for the force verification of these machines. A necessary element in Practices E4 is the use of force-measuring instruments whose force characteristics are known to be traceable to the SI. Practices E74 describes how these force-measuring instruments are to be calibrated. The procedures are useful to users of testing machines, manufacturers and providers of force-measuring instruments, calibration laboratories that provide the calibration of the instruments and the documents of traceability, service organizations that use the force-measuring instruments to verify testing machines, and testing laboratories performing general structural test measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of these practices is to specify procedures for the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures are included for the following types of instruments:  
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and  
1.1.2 Force-multiplying systems, such as balances and small platform scales.  
Note 1: Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E4; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577(1)2, Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as equivalent when required.  
1.3 These practices are intended for the calibration of static force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of calibrations performed in accordance with these practices be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2018
• ICS: 17.100 - Measurement of force, weight and pressure
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.01 - Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E74 −18
Standard Practices for
Calibration and Verification for Force-Measuring
1
Instruments
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE74;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 The purpose of these practices is to specify procedures
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
for the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
are included for the following types of instruments:
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
1.1.2 Force-multiplyingsystems,suchasbalancesandsmall
men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
platform scales.
Force Application
NOTE 1—Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable
2.2 ASME Standard:
method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances
B46.1Surface Texture, Surface Roughness, Waviness and
for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E4; methods for
4
2 Lay
calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577(1) ,
Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.
FORCE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Terminology
standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as
equivalent when required.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 force-measuring instrument—a system consisting of
1.3 These practices are intended for the calibration of static
anelasticmembercombinedwithanappropriateinstrumentfor
force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic
indicating the magnitude (or a quantity proportional to the
or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of
magnitude) of deformation of the member under an applied
calibrations performed in accordance with these practices be
force.
assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.
3.1.2 primary force standard—a deadweight force applied
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
directly without intervening mechanisms such as levers, hy-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
draulic multipliers, or the like, whose mass has been deter-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mined by comparison with reference standards traceable to the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
International System of Units (SI) (2) of mass.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 secondary force standard—an instrument or
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
mechanism, the calibration of which has been established by
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
comparison with primary force standards.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.1 calibration equation—a mathematical relationship be-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tweendeflectionandforceestablishedfromthecalibrationdata
for use with the instrument in service, sometimes called the
calibration curve.
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
3
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E74–13a. DOI: the ASTM website.
4
10.1520/E0074-18. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
this standard. www.asme.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E74−18
3.2.2 continuous-reading instument—a class of instruments 3.2.10 lower limit factor, LLF—a statistical estimate of the
whose characteristics permit interpolation of forces between e
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E74 − 13a E74 − 18
Standard Practice of Practices for
Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the
Force Indication of Testing Machinesand Verification for
1
Force-Measuring Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E74; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 The purpose of this practicethese practices is to specify procedures for the calibration of force-measuring instruments.
Procedures are included for the following types of instruments:
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and
1.1.2 Force-multiplying systems, such as balances and small platform scales.
NOTE 1—Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances for weights
2
for this purpose are given in Practices E4; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577,577(1) , Methods of Calibrating
Weights for Piston Gages.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as
equivalent when required.
1.3 This practice isThese practices are intended for the calibration of static force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for
dynamic or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of calibrations performed in accordance with this practicethese
practices be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Specimen Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial Force
Application
2.2 American National ASME Standard:
4
B46.1 Surface TextureTexture, Surface Roughness, Waviness and Lay
1
This practice isThese practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on
Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013Feb. 1, 2018. Published May 2013April 2018. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
E74 – 13.E74 – 13a. DOI: 10.1520/E0074-13A.10.1520/E0074-18.
2
Available from National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end
of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters,
Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.10016-5990, http://www.asme.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E74 − 18
ELASTIC FORCE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 elastic force-measuring instrument—a device or system consisting of an elastic member combined with a device an
appropriate instrument for indicating the magnitude (or a quantity proportional to the magnitude) of deformation of the member
under an applied force.
3.1.2 primary force standard—a deadweight force applied directly
...