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ASTM E74-18e1

(Practice)

Standard Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-Measuring Instruments

Standard Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-Measuring Instruments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Testing machines that apply and indicate force are in general use in many industries. Practices E4 has been written to provide a practice for the force verification of these machines. A necessary element in Practices E4 is the use of force-measuring instruments whose force characteristics are known to be traceable to the SI. Practices E74 describes how these force-measuring instruments are to be calibrated. The procedures are useful to users of testing machines, manufacturers and providers of force-measuring instruments, calibration laboratories that provide the calibration of the instruments and the documents of traceability, service organizations that use the force-measuring instruments to verify testing machines, and testing laboratories performing general structural test measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of these practices is to specify procedures for the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures are included for the following types of instruments:  
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and  
1.1.2 Force-multiplying systems, such as balances and small platform scales.  
Note 1: Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E4; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577(1)2, Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as equivalent when required.  
1.3 These practices are intended for the calibration of static force measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of calibrations performed in accordance with these practices be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jan-2018
ICS
17.100 - Measurement of force, weight and pressure
Technical Committee
E28 - Mechanical Testing
Drafting Committee
E28.01 - Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E4-14 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Effective Date
01-Jun-2014

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ASTM E74-18e1 - Standard Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-Measuring InstrumentsASTM E74-18e1 - Standard Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-Measuring Instruments
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ASTM E74-18e1 - Standard Practices for Calibration and Verification for Force-Measuring Instruments
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ϵ1
Designation: E74 −18
Standard Practices for
Calibration and Verification for Force-Measuring
1
Instruments
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE74;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to 3.2.4.1 and 3.2.9.1 in April 2019.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 The purpose of these practices is to specify procedures
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for the calibration of force-measuring instruments. Procedures E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
are included for the following types of instruments:
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
1.1.1 Elastic force-measuring instruments, and Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1.2 Force-multiplyingsystems,suchasbalancesandsmall
E1012Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci-
platform scales. men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial
Force Application
NOTE 1—Verification by deadweight loading is also an acceptable
method of verifying the force indication of a testing machine. Tolerances
2.2 ASME Standard:
for weights for this purpose are given in Practices E4; methods for
B46.1Surface Texture, Surface Roughness, Waviness and
2
calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577(1) ,
4
Lay
Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the FORCE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
standard. Other metric and inch-pound values are regarded as
equivalent when required.
3. Terminology
1.3 These practices are intended for the calibration of static
3.1 Definitions:
force-measuring instruments. It is not applicable for dynamic
3.1.1 force-measuring instrument—a system consisting of
or high speed force calibrations, nor can the results of
anelasticmembercombinedwithanappropriateinstrumentfor
calibrations performed in accordance with these practices be
indicating the magnitude (or a quantity proportional to the
assumed valid for dynamic or high speed force measurements.
magnitude) of deformation of the member under an applied
force.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 primary force standard—a deadweight force applied
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
directly without intervening mechanisms such as levers, hy-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
draulic multipliers, or the like, whose mass has been deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mined by comparison with reference standards traceable to the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
International System of Units (SI) (2) of mass.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.3 secondary force standard—an instrument or
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mechanism, the calibration of which has been established by
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
comparison with primary force standards.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
3
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E74–13a. DOI: the ASTM website.
4
10.1520/E0074-18E01. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
this standard. www.asme.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ϵ1
E74−18
3.2.1 calibration equation—a mathematical relationship be- which the reading is taken from a dial indicator, are used only
tweendefl
...

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Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens  
Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be report...

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D3495-10(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method measures the amount of hexane-soluble lubricant present in all types of leather. Adequate lubrication prevents abrasion of leather fibers during flexing. This lubrication is generally obtained from the fat liquor added at the tannery. Some lubrication is also obtained from natural grease produced during the life of the animal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative extraction of all types of leather with hexane. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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