ASTM A823-99(2012)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
Standard Specification for Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
ABSTRACT
This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds. Castings under this specification are classified into a number of grades (A-SA, A-SB, A-SC, A-SS, A-CA, A-CB, A-CC, N-SA, N-SB, N-SC,N-SS, N-CA, N-CB and N-CC) based on the properties of separately cast test bars. The grades are designated A for annealed or N for normalized; followed by an S or a C to designate a solid or a cored casting; followed by an A, B, C, or S to designate the test bar to be poured with the castings. The cast test bar shall be selected on the basis of the controlling section size of the casting and shall have the specified dimensions (diameter and length). Castings may be produced in the as cast state provided the tensile strength and Brinell hardness requirements are met. The chemical composition and heat treatment shall be such as to produce these mechanical requirements as well. A suitable permanent mold design for separately cast test bars is described and the tension test requirements are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds.
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:A823 −99 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of separately cast test bars.The test bar shall be selected on the
basis of the controlling section size of the casting (see 9.1 and
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are
9.2 and Table 1).
statically cast in permanent molds.
4.2 Castings may be produced in the as cast state provided
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-
the requirements of this standard in Table 1 are met. However,
tweenthepropertiesoftheironinvariouslocationsofthesame
annealing or normalizing heat treatments are usual and cus-
castingorbetweenthepropertiesofacastingandthoseofatest
tomary and are a basis for classification.
specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 4.3 The grades are designated A for annealed or N for
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical normalized.This is followed by an S oraCto designate a solid
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only oracoredcasting,followedbyanA,B,C,orStodesignatethe
and are not considered standard. test bar to be poured with the castings. Examples of proper
designations are as follows:
2. Referenced Documents
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A823,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Grade N-SB
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A823,
Graphite in Iron Castings
Grade A-CC
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
5. Ordering Information
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
2.2 Federal Standard:
following information:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment
2.3 Military Standard:
5.1.1 ASTM designation number and year of issue.
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
5.1.2 Grade of iron required (see Section 4 and Table 1).
5.1.3 The size of the separately cast test bar (letter classifi-
3. Terminology
cationA, B, C, or S) which best represents the thickness of the
3.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings are
controlling section of the casting (see 4.1 and Table 2).
found in Terminology A644. A classification of graphite
5.1.4 Location for Brinell Hardness determination (see
structure is found in Test Method A247.
10.1.1).
4. Classification
5.1.5 Lot size (see Section 16).
4.1 Castings ordered and produced under this specification
5.1.6 Special requirements (see Section 17).
are classified into a number of grades based on the properties
5.1.7 Special preparation for delivery (see Section 22).
5.1.8 Saving tested specimens or unbroken test bars (see
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
19.1.1).
CastingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA04.01onGreyandWhite
Iron Castings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally 6. Chemical Composition
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A823 – 99 (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/A0823-99R12. 6.1 The chemical composition shall be such as to produce
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the mechanical properties required by this specification. As a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
reference, typical compositions covering all grades are shown
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
in Table X1.1 in Appendix X1.
the ASTM website.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil. chemical composition requirements may be specified.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A823−99 (2012)
TABLE 1 Permanent Mold Gray Iron Specifications
9.3 The test bars shall be cast in a permanent mold. The
Grade Tensile Strength, min, ksi BHN mold shall be of similar material, design, and construction as
A
(MPa)
that used to make the production castings. The test bar
permanent mold shall be preheated with three consecutive
Uncored—Annealed
pours,afterwhich,startingwiththefourthpour,thebarscanbe
A-SA 30 000 (207) 163–207
A-SB 25 000 (172) 163–207 used for the tension test.Asuitable design for a mold is shown
A-SC 20 000 (138) 163–207
in Fig. 1.
A-SS 18 000 (124) 143–207
Cored—Annealed
9.4 Byspecificagreementbetweenthemanufacturerandthe
A-CA 30 000 (207) 143–207
purchaser, test bars removed from the castings may be substi-
A-CB 25 000 (172) 143–207
tuted for separately cast test bars. The location from which the
A-CC 20 000 (138) 143–207
Uncored—Normalized
bars are taken shall be as agreed between the parties and
N-SA 30 000 (207) 170–229
indicated on the casting drawing or data base equivalent.
N-SB 25 000 (172) 170–229
N-SC 20 000 (138) 170–229
9.5 Where test specimens are to represent heat treated
N-SS 18 000 (124) 149–229
castings, they shall accompany the castings in the same heat
Cored—Normalized
N-CA 30 000 (207) 170–229 treat lot(s), or by agreement, be subjected to the same thermal
N-CB 25 000 (172) 149–229
cycle that the castings undergo.
N-CC 20 000 (138) 149–229
A
Refer to Fig. X1.1 for the relationship between tensile strength and section size.
10. Hardness Requirements
10.1 Brinell hardness readings taken on the castings shall
TABLE 2 Diameters and Lengths of Cast Test Bars
conform to the requirements in Table 1.
A
As-Cast Diameter, in. (mm) Length, in. (mm) 10.1.1 The area or areas on the castings where the hardness
Test
Nominal Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum is to be determined shall be established by agreement between
Bar
(Mid-Length) (Bottom) (Top) (Specified) (Recommended)
manufacturer and purchaser and shall be shown on the casting
drawing.
A 0.88 (22.4) 0.85 (21.6) 0.96 (24.4) 5.0 (125) 6.0 (150)
10.1.2 Brinell hardness shall be determined in accordance
B 1.20 (30.5) 1.14 (29.0) 1.32 (33.5) 6.0 (150) 9.0 (230)
C 2.00 (50.8) 1.90 (48.3) 2.10 (53.3) 7.0 (175) 10.0 (255) with Test Method E10. Sufficient surface material shall be
B
S . . . . .
removed (generally 0.010 to 0.030 in.) to ensure that the
measured hardness is representative of the basic iron structure.
A
The diameter is the controlling section for the appropriate permanent mold
10.1.3 Brinell hardness measurements shall be undertaken
specification (see Section 9).
B
All dimensions of test bar S shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the at room temperature, defined as 50–95 °F (10–35 °C).
purchaser.
11. Dimensional Requirements
11.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions or
drawings furnished by the purchaser, or, if there are no
7. Heat Treatment
drawings,tothedimensionspredictedbythepatternequipment
7.1 Although castings may be provided in the as cast
supplied by the purchaser.
condition, when necessary, heat treatment shall be such as to
produce the mechanical properties required in this standard.
12. Workmanship and Finish
8. Tensile Requirements
12.1 The surface of the casting shall be inspected visually,
particularly in critical areas, for such surface defects as cracks,
8.1 Test bars representing castings conforming to this speci-
hot tears, adhering sand and scale, cold shuts, and gas holes.
fication shall meet the requirements for tensile strength de-
scribed in Table 1.
12.2 No repairing by plugging or welding of any kind shall
be permitted unless written permission is granted by the
9. Cast Test Bars
purchaser.
9.1 Test bars shall be separate castings poured from the
same iron as the castings they represent and shall have 13. Number of Tests and Retests
dimensions as shown in Table 2. Allowance may be made for
13.1 The manufacturer shall cast and prepare at least three
reasonablepatterndraftwithinthetolerancesshowninTable2.
test bars for each lot of castings intended to conform to this
Test bars A, B, and C are all standard test bars in the form of
specification. The manufacturer shall conduct the specified
simple cylinders. Test bar S is special and is intended for use
tests unless the manufacturer and purchaser agree that the tests
where the controlling section of the casting is over 2 in.
shall be made by another qualified laboratory. Only one bar
9.2 The test bar selected shall be based on the controlling need be tested if the results conform to the property require-
section size of the casting. This shall be determined by the ments of this specification. If any test specimen shows defec-
dimensions of the largest cylinder that will fit into the control- tive or improper machining, or obvious lack of continuity of
ling section of the casting with the additional requirement that metal, it may be discarded and replaced by another specimen
the height of the cylinder must be at least equal to its diameter. from another test bar from the same lot.
A823−99 (2012)
Required Features:
1. Material—Permanent molds.
2. Position—Bars vertical.
3. L—See Table 2.
4. D—See Table 2.
FIG. 1 Suitable Design and Dimensions for Mold for Separately Cast Cylindrical Test Bars for Gray Iron
13.2 If after testing, a test specimen shows evidence of a 14.3 For test bar C, tension test specimen C, as shown in
defect, the results of the test may be invalidated and another Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
made on a specimen from the same lot. bar. Unless the size of the tensile test specimen to be machined
from test bar C is specified in writing by the purchaser, the
13.3 If the results of a valid test fail to conform to the
decision whether to use tension test specimen B or C shall be
requirements of this specification, two retests shall be made. If
made by the manufacturer of the castings.
either retest fails to meet the specification requirements, the
castings represented by these test specimens shall be rejected. 14.4 For test bar S, the nature and dimensions of the tension
A valid test is one wherein the specimen has been properly test specimen shall be determined by agreement between the
prepared and appears to be sound and on which the approved manufacturer and the purchaser. Test bar S is to be used
test procedure has been followed. whenever the controlling section exceeds 2 in.
13.4 Ifsufficientseparatelycasttestpiecesarenotavailable,
15. Tension Test
the manufacturer shall have the option of removing a test
specimen from a location of representative casting, as agreed 15.1 Tension testing shall be determined in accordance with
Test Methods E8.
upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
13.5 If the first test results indicate that a heat treatment or 15.2 The tension test specimens shall fit the holders of the
testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial.
an additional heat treatment is needed to meet the test
requirements, the entire lot of castings and the representative
15.3 The elapsed time from the beginning of loading in the
test specimens shall be heat treated or reheat treated together.
tension test to the instant of fracture shall be not less than 15
Testing shall proceed in accordance with 13.1,13.2,13.3, and
s for test specimen A and not less than 20 s for test specimens
13.4 .
BorC.
14. Tension Test Specimens
16. Description of a Lot
14.1 For test barA, the tension test specimenA, as shown in
16.1 The manufacturer may define a lot as any of the
Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
following:
bar.
16.1.1 A lot size may be established by agreement between
14.2 For test bar B, the tension test specimen B, as shown in the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test 16.1.2 Absent such an agreement as described in 16.1.1,a
bar. lot shall be a group of castings weighing less than 2000 lb (910
A823−99 (2012)
Tension Tension Tension
Dimensions, in. (mm) Test Specimen A Test Specimen B Test Specimen C
G—Length of parallel, min 0.50 (13) 0.75 (19) 1.25 (32)
D—Diameter 0.500 ± 0.010 0.750 ± 0.015 1.25 ± 0.025
(12.7 ± 0.25) (19.1 x± 0.4) (32 ± 0.6)
R—Radius of fillet, min 1 (25) 1 (25) 2 (50)
1 21 17
A—Length of reduced section, min 1 ⁄4 (32) 1 ⁄32 (42) 2 ⁄32 (64)
3 5 3
L—Overall length, min 3 ⁄4 (95) 4 ⁄32 (106) 6 ⁄8 (160)
7 1 7
C—Diameter of end section, approx ⁄8 (22.2) 1 ⁄4 (31.8) 1 ⁄8 (47)
1 1 5
E—Length of shoulder, min ⁄4 (6) ⁄4 (6) ⁄16 (8)
5 1 15 1 7 1
F—Diameter of shoulder ⁄8 ± ⁄64 ⁄16 ± ⁄64 1 ⁄16 ± ⁄64
(16±0.5) (25±0.5) (36±0.5)
AA A
B—Length of end section
A
Optional to fit holders on testing machine. If threaded, root diameter shall not be less than dimension F.
FIG. 2 Tension Test Specimens
kg) each when the total weight of the group does not exceed 19.2 The purchaser reserves the right to perform any of the
8000 lb (3600 kg) and when poured continuously within 4 h inspectionssetforthinthespecificationwheresuchinspections
fromthesamemeltandfromconsecutivechargesofessentially
are deemed necessary to assure that supplies and services
the same percentages and types of materials.
conform to the prescribed requirements.
17. Special Requirements
20. Rejection and Resubmission
17.1 When agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and
20.1 Any castings or lot of castings failing to comply with
the purchaser, it may be necessary for the castings to meet
the requirements of this specification may, where possible, be
special requirements as to hardness, chemical composition,
microstructure, pressure tightness, radiographic soundness, reprocessed, retested, and reinspected. If the tests and inspec-
dimensions, surface finish, etc. tions on the reprocessed casting(s) show compliance with this
specification, the castings shall be acceptable; if they do not,
18. Identification Marking
they shall be rejected.
18.1 When the size of the casting permits, each casting shall
20.2 If the purchaser should find that a casting or lot of
bear the identifying mark of the manufacturer and the part or
castings fails to comply with this specification subsequent to
patternnumberatalocationshownonthecoveringdrawingor,
receipt at his facility, he shall so notify the manufacturer
if not shown on the drawing, at
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