ASTM D4737-03

Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation

SCOPE
DESIG: D4737 03 ^TITLE: Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation ^
1.1 The calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation provides a means for estimating the ASTM cetane number (Test Method D 613) of distillate fuels from density and distillation recovery temperature measurements. The value computed from the equation is termed the Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation.
1.2 The Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation is not an optional method for expressing ASTM cetane number. It is a supplementary tool for estimating cetane number when a result by Test Method D 613 is not available and if cetane improver is not used. As a supplementary tool, the Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable equation must be used with due regard for its limitations.
1.3 Procedure A is to be used for Specification D 975, Grades No. 1-D Low Sulfur, No. 1-D, No. 2-D, and No. 4-D. This method for estimating cetane number was developed by Chevron Research Co. Procedure A is based on a data set including a relatively small number of No. 1-D fuels. Test Method D 4737 may be less applicable to No.1-D, No. 1-D Low Sulfur and No. 4-D grades than to No. 2-D grade.
1.4 Procedure B is to be used for Specification D 975, Grade No. 2-D Low Sulfur.
1.5 The test method "Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation" is particularly applicable to Grade 1-D, Grade No. 1-D Low Sulfur and Grade 2-D diesel fuel oils containing straight-run and cracked stocks, and their blends. It can also be used for heavier fuels with 90 % recovery points less than 382C and for fuels containing derivatives from oil sands and oil shale.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2003
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4737-96a(2001) - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4737-04 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7468-22 - Standard Test Method for Cummins ISM Test
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7371-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7156-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5967-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7467-20a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5966-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7583-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for John Deere Coolant Cavitation Test
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D976-21e1 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4737–03
Standard Test Method for
1
Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4737; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 The calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
provides a means for estimating the ASTM cetane number
(Test Method D 613) of distillate fuels from density and
2. Referenced Documents
distillation recovery temperature measurements. The value
2.1 ASTM Standards:
computed from the equation is termed the Calculated Cetane
3
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
Index by Four Variable Equation.
4
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
1.2 The Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
3
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
isnotanoptionalmethodforexpressingASTMcetanenumber.
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
It is a supplementary tool for estimating cetane number when
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
a result by Test Method D 613 is not available and if cetane
3
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
improver is not used. As a supplementary tool, the Calculated
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Cetane Index by Four Variable equation must be used with due
5
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
regard for its limitations.
1.3 Procedure A is to be used for Specification D 975,
3. Summary of Test Method
Grades No. 1–D Low Sulfur, No. 1–D, No. 2–D, and No. 4–D.
3.1 Two correlations in SI units have been established
This method for estimating cetane number was developed by
2 between the ASTM cetane number and the density and 10 %,
Chevron Research Co. Procedure A is based on a data set
50 %, and 90 % distillation recovery temperatures of the fuel.
including a relatively small number of No. 1–D fuels. Test
Procedure A has been developed for diesel fuels meeting the
Method D 4737 may be less applicable to No.1–D, No. 1–D
requirements of Specification D 975 Grades 1-D Low Sulfur,
Low Sulfur and No. 4–D grades than to No. 2–D grade.
No. 1-D, 2-D and 4-D. The relationship is given by the
1.4 ProcedureBistobeusedforSpecificationD 975,Grade
following equation.
No. 2–D Low Sulfur.
CCI 5 45.2 1 0.0892! T ! 1 0.131 1 0.901! B! T (1)
1.5 The test method “Calculated Cetane Index by Four ~ ~ @ ~ ~ #@ #
10N 50N
Variable Equation” is particularly applicable to Grade 1-D,
1 @0.0523 2 ~0.420!~B!#@T # (1)
90N
Grade No. 1–D Low Sulfur and Grade 2-D diesel fuel oils
2 2
1 @0.00049#@~T ! 2 ~T ! # (1)
10N 90N
containing straight-run and cracked stocks, and their blends. It
2
can also be used for heavier fuels with 90 % recovery points 1 ~107!~B! 1 ~60!~B! (1)
less than 382°C and for fuels containing derivatives from oil
where:
sands and oil shale.
CCI = Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equa-
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
tion,
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D = Density at 15°C, g/mL determined by Test Meth-
only.
ods D 1298 or D 4052,
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
DN = D - 0.85,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the (-3.5)(DN)
B =[e ]-1,
T = 10 % recovery temperature, °C, determined by
10
1 Test Method D 86 and corrected to standard baro-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
metric pressure,
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 4737–96a (2001).
2 3
Ingham, M. C., et al., “Improved Predictive Equations for Cetane Number,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
4
SAE Paper No 860250, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Common- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
5
wealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4737–03
diesel fuels with sulfur level between 16 and 500 ppm using a
T =T - 215,
10N 10
Partial Least Squares technique. A 2-principal component
T = 50 % recovery temperature, °C, deter
...