ASTM C286-99(2017)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems
Standard Terminology Relating to Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems
SCOPE
1.1 These definitions pertain to the terminology used in the porcelain enamel and ceramic-coated metal industries.
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are not included. Included are words that are peculiar to these industries.
1.3 Hyphenated words, double words, or phrases are listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important words are cross-referenced.
1.4 When a word or phrase, listed as a synonym, is not separately defined, the defined word or phrase is the accepted or preferred form.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: C286 − 99 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C286; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope C313 Method of Test for Adherence of Porcelain Enamel
3
and Ceramic Coatings to Sheet Metal (Withdrawn 1989)
1.1 These definitions pertain to the terminology used in the
C314 Test Method for Flatness of Porcelain Enameled Pan-
porcelain enamel and ceramic-coated metal industries.
3
els (Withdrawn 1979)
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are
C346 Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic
not included. Included are words that are peculiar to these
Materials
industries.
C347 Test Method for Reflectivity and Coefficient of Scatter
3
of White Porcelain Enamels (Withdrawn 1990)
1.3 Hyphenated words, double words, or phrases are listed
alphabetically under the first word; additional important words C374 Test Methods for Fusion Flow of Porcelain Enamel
Frits (Flow-Button Methods)
are cross-referenced.
C448 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Porcelain
1.4 When a word or phrase, listed as a synonym, is not
Enamels
separately defined, the defined word or phrase is the accepted
C614 Test Method forAlkali Resistance of Porcelain Enam-
or preferred form.
els
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
C633 Test Method for Adhesion or Cohesion Strength of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Thermal Spray Coatings
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
C743 Test Method for Continuity of Porcelain Enamel
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Coatings
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
C756 Test Method for Cleanability of Surface Finishes
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
2
abrasion resistance—the degree to which a porcelain enamel
2.1 ASTM Standards:
will resist attack by abrasive materials.
A424 SpecificationforSteel,Sheet,forPorcelainEnameling
A919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
NOTE 1—See Test Methods C448.
3
(Withdrawn 1999)
acid annealing—an annealing process in which ferrous metal
C282 Test Method for Acid Resistance of Porcelain Enam-
shapes are coated with acid before and in conjunction with
els(Citric Acid Spot Test)
the annealing.
C283 Test Methods for Resistance of Porcelain Enameled
Utensils to Boiling Acid
acid resistance—the degree to which a porcelain enamel will
C285 Test Methods for Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and
resist attack by acids.
Dry-Milled Porcelain Enamel
NOTE 2—See Test Method C283 and Test Method C282.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on adherence—(1) the degree of adhesion of a porcelain enamel
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
or other ceramic coating to a metal substrate.
B08.12 on Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally
NOTE 3—See Test Method C313.
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C286–99(2017). DOI:
(2) Stress necessary to cause separation of one material from
10.1520/C0286-99R17.
another at their interface.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 4—See Test Method C633.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
aging—thestoringofporcelainenamelslipsorpowdersbefore
the ASTM website.
3
use. The change occurring in slips or powders with the lapse
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. of time.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C286 − 99 (2017)
air atomizing—air used to atomize powder and to control black speck—a defect that appears in the fired cover coat as a
powder/air mix and powder cloud density. small dark spot.
air fluidizer—air used to impart fluid-like properties to pow- blank—the piece cut from metal sheet that is to be used in
forming the finished article.
der via a fluid bed.
blemish—in dry process enameling, an insignificant imperfec-
alkali resistance—for porcelain enamels, the degree to which
tion in the porcelain enamel surface.
a porcelain enamel will re
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C286 − 99 (Reapproved 2009) C286 − 99 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C286; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These definitions pertain to the terminology used in the porcelain enamel and ceramic-coated metal industries.
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are not included. Included are words that are peculiar to these industries.
1.3 Hyphenated words, double words, or phrases are listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important words are
cross-referenced.
1.4 When a word or phrase, listed as a synonym, is not separately defined, the defined word or phrase is the accepted or
preferred form.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A424 Specification for Steel, Sheet, for Porcelain Enameling
3
A919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals (Withdrawn 1999)
C282 Test Method for Acid Resistance of Porcelain Enamels(Citric Acid Spot Test)
C283 Test Methods for Resistance of Porcelain Enameled Utensils to Boiling Acid
C285 Test Methods for Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and Dry-Milled Porcelain Enamel
3
C313 Method of Test for Adherence of Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic Coatings to Sheet Metal (Withdrawn 1989)
3
C314 Test Method for Flatness of Porcelain Enameled Panels (Withdrawn 1979)
C346 Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of Ceramic Materials
3
C347 Test Method for Reflectivity and Coefficient of Scatter of White Porcelain Enamels (Withdrawn 1990)
C374 Test Methods for Fusion Flow of Porcelain Enamel Frits (Flow-Button Methods)
C448 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
C614 Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
C633 Test Method for Adhesion or Cohesion Strength of Thermal Spray Coatings
C743 Test Method for Continuity of Porcelain Enamel Coatings
C756 Test Method for Cleanability of Surface Finishes
3. Terminology
abrasion resistance—the degree to which a porcelain enamel will resist attack by abrasive materials.
NOTE 1—See Test Methods C448.
acid annealing—an annealing process in which ferrous metal shapes are coated with acid before and in conjunction with the
annealing.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009May 1, 2017. Published January 2010May 2017. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
C286–99(2004).C286–99(2017). DOI: 10.1520/C0286-99R09.10.1520/C0286-99R17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C286 − 99 (2017)
acid resistance—the degree to which a porcelain enamel will resist attack by acids.
NOTE 2—See Test Method C283 and Test Method C282.
adherence—(1) the degree of adhesion of a porcelain enamel or other ceramic coating to a metal substrate.
NOTE 3—See Test Method C313.
(2) Stress necessary to cause separation of one material from another at their interface.
NOTE 4—See Test Method C633.
aging—the storing of porcelain enamel slips or powders before use. The change occurring in slips or powders with the lapse of
time.
air atomizing—air used to atomize powder and to control powder/air mix and powder cloud density.
air fluidizer—air used to impart fluid-like properties to powd
...
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