ASTM B963-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oil content values are generally contained in specifications for oil-impregnated PM bearings.
5.2 The oil-impregnation efficiency provides an indication of how well the as-received parts had been impregnated.
5.3 The desired self-lubricating performance of PM bearings requires a minimum amount of surface-connected porosity and satisfactory oil impregnation of the surface-connected porosity. A minimum oil content is specified.
5.4 The results from these test methods may be used for quality control or compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard describes three related test methods that cover the measurement of physical properties of oil-impregnated powder metallurgy products.
1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil contained in the material.
1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-impregnation process.
1.1.3 Determination of the percent surface-connected porosity by oil impregnation.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B963 − 22
Standard Test Methods for
Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-
Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM)
1
Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This standard describes three related test methods that
B243Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
cover the measurement of physical properties of oil-
D88Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
impregnated powder metallurgy products.
D1217Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil contained
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
in the material.
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
impregnation process.
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1.1.3 Determinationofthepercentsurface-connectedporos-
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
ity by oil impregnation.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and
the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the
3. Terminology
3
gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the
3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can be
long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be
found in Terminology B243.Additional descriptive material is
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI
available under “General Information on PM” on the ASTM
units are provided for information only and are not considered
B09 web page.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2
3.2.1 centistoke (cSt), n—fluid viscosity in units of cm /s.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 Seybolt Seconds Universal (SSU), n—fluidviscosityas
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
measured by time for 60mL to flow through the calibrated
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
universal viscometer at a specified temperature as prescribed
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by Test Method D88.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Summary of Test Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 Thepartortestspecimenisfirstweighedinair.Itisthen
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
oil impregnated to fill the surface-connected porosity and the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
specimen is reweighed. The test specimen is then weighed
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
when immersed in water and its volume calculated based on
Archimedes’ principle. The oil is then removed and the
specimen is reweighed.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on
Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee B09.04 on Bearings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as B963 – 17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/B0963-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B963 − 22
A
TABLE 2 Effect of Temperature on the Density of Air-Free Water
4.2 The oil content of an oil-impregnated part or test
Temperature ρ Temperature ρ
specimen is then calculated as a percentage of the volume of w w
3 3
°C g/cm °F g/cm *
the specimen. This may be done for the as-received and the
15.0 0.9991 60 0.9990
fully oil-impregnated specimen.
15.5 0.9990 61 0.9989
16.0 0.9989 62 0.9988
4.3 The oil-impregnation effıciencyisca
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B963 − 17 B963 − 22
Standard Test Methods for
Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-
Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM)
1
Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard describes three related test methods that cover the measurement of physical properties of oil-impregnated
powder metallurgy products.
1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil contained in the material.
1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-impregnation process.
1.1.3 Determination of the percent surface-connected porosity by oil impregnation.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per
3
cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-poundSI units are to be
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to after SI units that are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.04 on Bearings.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017Sept. 1, 2022. Published April 2017September 2022. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20142017 as
B963 – 14.17. DOI: 10.1520/B0963-17.10.1520/B0963-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B963 − 22
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive material is available
in the Related Material section of Vol. 02.05 of the under “General Information on PM” on the Annual Book of ASTM
Standards.ASTM B09 web page.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
3.2.1 centistoke (cSt), n—fluid viscosity in units of cm /s.
3.2.2 Seybolt Seconds Universal (SSU), n—fluid viscosity as measured by time for 60 mL to flow through the calibrated universal
viscometer at a specified temperature as prescribed by Test Method D88.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The part or test specimen is first weighed in air. It is then oil impregnated to fill the surface-connected porosity and the
specimen is reweighed. The test specimen is then weighed when immersed in water and its volume calculated based on
Archimedes’ principle. The oil is then removed and the specimen is reweighed.
4.2 The oil content of an oil-impregnated part or test specimen is then calculated as a percentag
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B963 − 22
Standard Test Methods for
Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-
Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM)
1
Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This standard describes three related test methods that
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
cover the measurement of physical properties of oil-
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
impregnated powder metallurgy products.
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil contained
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
in the material.
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
impregnation process.
ucts by Hydrometer Method
1.1.3 Determination of the percent surface-connected poros-
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
ity by oil impregnation.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the
3
3. Terminology
gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the
long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be
3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can be
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive material is
units are provided for information only and are not considered
available under “General Information on PM” on the ASTM
standard. B09 web page.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2.1 centistoke (cSt), n—fluid viscosity in units of cm /s.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 Seybolt Seconds Universal (SSU), n—fluid viscosity as
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
measured by time for 60 mL to flow through the calibrated
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
universal viscometer at a specified temperature as prescribed
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
by Test Method D88.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Summary of Test Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 The part or test specimen is first weighed in air. It is then
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical oil impregnated to fill the surface-connected porosity and the
specimen is reweighed. The test specimen is then weighed
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
when immersed in water and its volume calculated based on
Archimedes’ principle. The oil is then removed and the
specimen is reweighed.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on
Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee B09.04 on Bearings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as B963 – 17. DOI:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/B0963-22.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B963 − 22
A
TABLE 2 Effect of Temperature on the Density of Air-Free Water
4.2 The oil content of an oil-impregnated part or test
Temperature ρ Temperature ρ
specimen is then calculated as a percentage of the volume of w w
3 3
°C g/cm °F g/cm *
the specimen. This may be done for the as-received and the
15.0 0.9991 60 0.9990
fully oil-impregnated specimen.
15.5 0.9990 61 0.9989
16.0 0.9989 62 0.9988
4.3 The oil-impregnation effıciency is calculated by dividing
16.5 0.9988 63 0.9987
the as-received oil content by the fully impregnated oil content 17.0 0
...
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