ASTM D885/D885M-10a(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers
Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures in these test methods should be used with caution for acceptance of commercial shipments owing to the absence of factual information on the between-laboratory precision of many of the test procedures included in these test methods. It is recommended that any program of acceptance testing be preceded by an interlaboratory check in the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier on replicate specimens of the materials to be tested for each property (or properties) to be evaluated.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The significance and use of particular properties are discussed in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of industrial filament yarns made wholly of manufactured organic-base fibers, cords twisted from such yarns, fabrics woven from such cords, and products that are made specifically for use in the manufacture of pneumatic tires. They may be applied to similar yarns and cords used for reinforcing other rubber goods and for other industrial applications. The test methods apply to nylon, polyester, and rayon yarns and tire cords twisted from such yarns and to fabrics made from such cords. The yarn or cord may be wound on cones, tubes, bobbins, spools, or beams; may be woven into fabric; or may be in some other form. The methods include testing procedure only and include no specifications or tolerances.
1.2 No procedure is included for the determination of fatigue resistance of cord, but several commonly used procedures for the measurement of fatigue resistance of cords in rubber were published in the appendix of these test methods in the 1967 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 24, and in earlier issues of Test Methods D885.
1.3 The sections on “Growth of Conditioned Yarns and Cords,” “Properties of Yarns and Cords at Elevated Temperature,” and “Properties of Wet Yarns and Cords” have been moved to Appendix X1 – Appendix X3 as non-mandatory informational items because of their very limited use by the industry and because precision and bias statements are not included.
1.4 This standard includes the following sections:
Section
Adhesion of Cord to Elastomers
34
Bibliography of Tire Cord Test Methods
X5
Breaking Strength (Force) of Yarns and Cords at Elevated Tempera-
ture
X2.3
Breaking Strength (Force) of Conditioned Yarns and Cords
16
Breaking Strength (Force) of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords
23
Breaking Strength (Force) of Rayon Yarns and Cords at Specified
Moisture Regain Level, Adjustment of
17
Breaking Tenacity of Conditioned Yarns and Cords
18
Breaking Tenacity of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords
24
Breaking Toughness of Yarns and Cords
28
Commercial Mass
9
Conditioning
7
Contraction of Wet Yarns and Cords
X3
Count of Tire Cord Fabric
37
Dip (Adhesive) Solids Pickup on Yarns and Cords
33
Elongation at Break of Conditioned Yarns and Cords
19
Elongation at Break of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords
25
...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D885/D885M − 10a(Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Methods for
Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns
Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D885/D885M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Breaking Strength (Force) of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 23
Breaking Strength (Force) of Rayon Yarns and Cords at Specified 17
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of industrial
Moisture Regain Level, Adjustment of
filament yarns made wholly of manufactured organic-base Breaking Tenacity of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 18
Breaking Tenacity of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 24
fibers, cords twisted from such yarns, fabrics woven from such
Breaking Toughness of Yarns and Cords 28
cords, and products that are made specifically for use in the
Commercial Mass 9
manufactureofpneumatictires.Theymaybeappliedtosimilar Conditioning 7
Contraction of Wet Yarns and Cords X3
yarnsandcordsusedforreinforcingotherrubbergoodsandfor
Count of Tire Cord Fabric 37
other industrial applications. The test methods apply to nylon,
Dip (Adhesive) Solids Pickup on Yarns and Cords 33
Elongation at Break of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 19
polyester, and rayon yarns and tire cords twisted from such
Elongation at Break of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 25
yarns and to fabrics made from such cords. The yarn or cord
Elongation of Rayon Yarns and Cords at a Specified Moisture Regain 20
maybewoundoncones,tubes,bobbins,spools,orbeams;may
Level, Adjustment of Observed
Extractable Matter in Yarns and Cords 32
be woven into fabric; or may be in some other form. The
Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) of Conditioned Yarns and 21
methods include testing procedure only and include no speci-
Cords
fications or tolerances.
Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and 26
Cords
1.2 No procedure is included for the determination of
Growth of Conditioned Yarns and Cords X1
fatigue resistance of cord, but several commonly used proce- Identification of Fibers 8
Keywords 40
dures for the measurement of fatigue resistance of cords in
Linear Density 11
rubber were published in the appendix of these test methods in
Mass of per Unit Area of Tire Cord Fabric 36
the 1967 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 24, and in
Modulus of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 22
Moisture Regain, Actual 10
earlier issues of Test Methods D885.
Precision and Bias of Certain Yarn and Cord Tests 39
35 to
1.3 The sections on “Growth of Conditioned Yarns and
Properties of Tire Cord Fabric 38
Cords,” “Properties of Yarns and Cords at Elevated
Sampling 6
Temperature,” and “Properties of Wet Yarns and Cords” have
Shrinkage Force of Conditioned Yarns and Cords at Elevated Temper-
ature X2.5
beenmovedtoAppendixX1–AppendixX3asnon-mandatory
Shrinkage of Conditioned Yarns and Cords at Elevated Temperature X2.4
informational items because of their very limited use by the
Significance and Use, General 5
industry and because precision and bias statements are not
Significance and Use, Tensile Properties 14
SI Calculations (examples for work-to-break, specific work-to-break,
included.
and breaking toughness) X4
1.4 This standard includes the following sections: Stiffness of Fabric 38
12 to
Section
Tensile Properties of Yarns and Cords 28
Adhesion of Cord to Elastomers 34
Terminology 3
Bibliography of Tire Cord Test Methods X5
Thickness of Cords 31
Breaking Strength (Force) of Yarns and Cords at Elevated Tempera- X2.3
Twist in Yarns and Cords 30
ture
Width of Tire Cord Fabric 35
Breaking Strength (Force) of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 16
Work-to-Break of Yarns and Cords 27
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Current edition approved May 15, 2014. Published June 2014. Originally
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D885/D885M – 10a.
DOI: 10.1520/D0885_D0885M-10AR14. with the standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D885/D885M − 10a (2014)
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to force and deforma-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the tion in textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- breaking force, breaking strength, breaking tenacity. breaking
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. toughness, chord modulus, in a stress-strain curve, elongation,
force at specified elongation (FASE), initial modulus, tensile
2. Referenced Documents strength, and work-to-break.
3.1.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to Terminology D123.
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
3.1.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
fabric and growth.
D276 Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
D1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
4. Summary of Test Methods, General
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
4.1 Asummary of the directions prescribed for the determi-
D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials
nationofspecificpropertiesisstatedintheappropriatesections
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
of specific test methods.
ber) by the Skein Method
D1909 Standard Tables of Commercial Moisture Regains
5. Significance and Use, General
and Commercial Allowances for Textile Fibers
D2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles 5.1 The procedures in these test methods should be used
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing with caution for acceptance of commercial shipments owing to
D2462 Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Distillation the absence of factual information on the between-laboratory
With Toluene precision of many of the test procedures included in these test
D2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of methods. It is recommended that any program of acceptance
Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow testing be preceded by an interlaboratory check in the labora-
D2654 Test Method for Moisture in Textiles (Withdrawn tory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier on
1998) replicate specimens of the materials to be tested for each
property (or properties) to be evaluated.
D3774 Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric
D3775 Test Method forWarp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count 5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
of Woven Fabrics
D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
Fabric a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
D4393 Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing assistance.As a minimum, test samples should be used that are
Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material
D4776 Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords and Other from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that
Reinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by H-Test are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
Procedure testing. Other materials with established test values may be
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and used for this purpose.The test results from the two laboratories
Related Properties of Textiles should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at
D6477 Terminology Relating toTire Cord, BeadWire, Hose a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known
3. Terminology bias.
3.1 Definitions: 5.2 The significance and use of particular properties are
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtotirecord,beadwire,
discussed in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.
hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
6. Sampling
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
cord, cord twist, dip, dip pickup, in a textile cord or fabric,
6.1 Yarn:
industrial yarn, moisture equilibrium for testing, for industrial
6.1.1 Packages—For acceptance testing, sample each lot as
yarns and tire cords, pneumatic tire, single twist, standard
directed in Practice D2258. Place each laboratory sampling
atmosphere for testing textiles, tabby sample, tire, and tire cord
unit in a moisture-proof polyethylene bag or other moisture-
fabric.
proof container to protect the samples from atmospheric
changes until ready to condition the samples in the atmosphere
for testing industrial yarns and tire cords. Take the number of
specimens for testing specified for the specific property mea-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
surement to be made.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6.1.2 Beams—For acceptance testing, sample by winding
the ASTM website.
yarns on a tube or spool by means of a winder using a tension
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. of 5 6 1 mN/tex [0.05 6 0.01 gf/den]. Take the yarn from the
D885/D885M − 10a (2014)
outside beam layers unless there is a question or disagreement 6.3.3 Preparation of Samples—Cut the warp cords of the
regarding the shipment; in this case, take the sample only after fabric along the center line of the special tabby for a distance
removing yarn from the beam to a radial depth of 6 mm [ ⁄4 equaltothewidthofthesample.Ifthisdistanceislessthanthe
in.] or more to minimize the effects of handling and atmo- full width of the fabric, cut the filling yarns of the sample and
spheric changes that may have occurred during shipment or of the special and regular tabbies in the direction parallel with
storage. Place each laboratory sampling unit in a moisture- thewarpcords.Theresultingsectionofcordfabricisthetabby
proof polyethylene bag or other moisture-proof container to sample. Attach the tabby sample to a piece of cardboard or
protect the samples from atmospheric changes until ready to fiberboard, the length of which shall be equal to at least the
condition the samples in the atmosphere for testing industrial length of the cord warp between tabbies. Fold the tabby
yarns and tire cords. Take the number of specimens for testing portions of the sample over each end of the board, and secure
specified for the specific property measurement to be made. the sample to the board with pressure-sensitive tape or staples.
Use care to avoid contact of tape or staples with the area to be
6.2 Cord:
tested. Handle the sample carefully, and hold it under sufficient
6.2.1 Number of Samples and Specimens—The size of an
tensioninthewarpdirectiontopreventthecordsfromkinking.
acceptance sampling lot of tire cord shall be not more than one
Discard any specimen subjected to change of twist, kinking, or
truck or rail car load or as determined by agreement between
making any bend with a diameter less than 10 times the
the purchaser and the supplier. Take samples at random from
yarn/cord thickness (or diameter). The board with the sample
each of a number of cones, tubes, bobbins, or spools within a
may be folded lengthwise and parallel with the warp for
lot to be as representative as possible within practical limita-
convenience. Place the board with the fabric sample in a
tions. Make only one observation on an individual package for
polyethylene bag, or wrap it with several layers of polyethyl-
each physical property determination. Take the number of
ene film, to protect the sample from changes in atmospheric
samples, therefore, that will be sufficient to cover the total
moisture content until ready to condition the sample in the
number of specimens required for the determination of all
atmosphere for testing industrial yarns and tire cords. Use care
physical properties of the tire cord. The recommended number
during subsequent handling of the sample to prevent any
of specimens is included in the appropriate sections of specific
change in the cord twist and to avoid kinking the cords.
test methods covered in this standard. Where such is not
6.4 Cord from Cured Tires:
specified, the number of specimens is as agreed upon between
buyer and supplier. 6.4.1 NumberofSamplesandSpecimens—Foreachtest,test
ten cords from each location or ply of each tire.
6.2.2 Preparation of Samples—Remove and discard a mini-
mum of 25 m [25 yd] from the outside of the package before 6.4.2 Preparation of Samples—Obtain a tire section com-
prising approximately one sixth of the whole tire. Smaller
taking the sample or any specimens. If specimens are not taken
directly from the original package, preferably wind the sample sections may be used, particularly for carcass cord samples of
radial tires. If it is suspected that cords may be damaged in
on a tube or spool by means of a winder using a tension of 5
6 1 mN/tex [0.05 6 0.01 gf/den]. If the sample is collected as pullingthemfromthetire,immersethesectioninasolvent for
1 to 3 days to swell and soften the rubber. For convenience,
a loosely wound package, or in the form of a skein, some
turn the section inside out, if possible; clamp one of the beads
shrinkage invariably will occur, in which case, report that the
in a vise. Mark a line along the inside of the section
observed results were determined on a relaxed sample. Use
approximatingthecordpathofthefirstply.Makeashallowcut
care in handling the sample. Discard any sample subjected to
downtothefirstplyalongthisline.Makeanincisionadjoining
any change of twist, kinking, or making any bend with a
...
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