ASTM D1747-09(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials
Standard Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refractive index is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures.
5.2 The use of refractive index in correlative methods for the determination of the gross composition of viscous oils and waxes often requires its measurement at elevated temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive indexes, accurate to two units in the fourth decimal place, of transparent and light-colored viscous hydrocarbon liquids and melted solids that have refractive indexes in the range between 1.33 and 1.60, and at temperatures from 80 °C to 100 °C. Temperatures lower than 80 °C can be used provided that the melting point of the sample is at least 10 °C below the test temperature.
1.2 This test method is not applicable, within the accuracy stated, to liquids having colors darker than ASTM Color No. 4, ASTM color as determined by Test Method D1500, to liquids which smoke or vaporize readily at the test temperature, or to solids melting within 10 °C of the test temperature.
Note 1: The instrument can be successfully used for refractive indices above 1.60; but since certified liquid standards for ranges above 1.60 are not yet available, the accuracy of measurement under these conditions has not been evaluated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1747 − 09 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
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Refractive Index of Viscous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1747; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
indexes, accurate to two units in the fourth decimal place, of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
transparent and light-colored viscous hydrocarbon liquids and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
meltedsolidsthathaverefractiveindexesintherangebetween
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.33 and 1.60, and at temperatures from 80°C to 100°C.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Temperatures lower than 80°C can be used provided that the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
melting point of the sample is at least 10°C below the test
temperature.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This test method is not applicable, within the accuracy
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
stated,toliquidshavingcolorsdarkerthanASTMColorNo.4,
D362SpecificationforIndustrialGradeToluene(Withdrawn
ASTM color as determined by Test Method D1500, to liquids
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1989)
which smoke or vaporize readily at the test temperature, or to
D841Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene
solids melting within 10°C of the test temperature.
D1500Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
NOTE1—Theinstrumentcanbesuccessfullyusedforrefractiveindices
(ASTM Color Scale)
above 1.60; but since certified liquid standards for ranges above 1.60 are
D6299Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
notyetavailable,theaccuracyofmeasurementundertheseconditionshas
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
not been evaluated.
Measurement System Performance
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
standard.
mometers
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
3. Terminology
central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or
3.1 Definitions:
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
3.1.1 refractive index—the ratio of the velocity of light (of
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
specified wavelength) in air, to its velocity in the substance
mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
under examination. The relative index of refraction is defined
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website
as the sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of the
(http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-
angle of refraction, as light passes from air into the substance.
tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-
If absolute refractive index (that is, referred to vacuum) is
containingproducts,orboth,inyourstatemaybeprohibitedby
desired, this value should be multiplied by the factor 1.00027,
state law.
the absolute refractive index of air. The numerical value of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
refractive index of liquids varies inversely with both wave-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
length and temperature.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
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approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1747–09 (2014). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D1747-09R19. www.astm.org.
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