ASTM D2896-01e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of basic constituents in petroleum products by titration with perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid.
1.2 Procedures A and B use different titration solvent volumes and sample weights.
Note 1—A round robin on a series of new and used oils and additive concentrates has shown that the two procedures give statistically equivalent results.
1.3 Appendix A2 provides the use of an alternative solvent system which eliminates the use of chlorobenzene in this test method. The use of the alternative solvent gives statistically equivalent results; however, the precision is worse. Paragraph X2.5.5 provides guidance when comparing results using the two different solvents.
1.4 The constituents that may be considered to have basic characteristics include organic and inorganic bases, amino compounds, salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of polyacidic bases, and salts of heavy metals.
Note 2—This test method is applicable to both fresh oils and used oils as described in Sections 16, 17, and 19 and in the Appendix X1.
1.5 This test method can be used to determine base number >300 mg KOH/g. However, the precision statement in Section 19 has been obtained only on base number ≤300 mg KOH/g.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7, Section 10, and X2.2.
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An American National Standard
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Designation: D 2896 – 01
Designation: 276/95
Standard Test Method for
Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric
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Perchloric Acid Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with
established procedures.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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e NOTE—Paragraph 7.11 was editorially corrected in March 2002.
1. Scope bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see Section 7, Section 10, and X2.2.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of basic
constituents in petroleum products by titration with perchloric
2. Referenced Documents
acid in glacial acetic acid.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Procedures A and B use different titration solvent
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D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
volumes and sample weights.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—A round robin on a series of new and used oils and additive
concentrates has shown that the two procedures give statistically equiva-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
lent results.
3.1.1 base number—the quantity of perchloric acid ex-
1.3 Appendix X2 provides the use of an alternative solvent
pressed in terms of the equivalent number of milligrams of
system which eliminates the use of chlorobenzene in this test
potassium hydroxide that are required to titrate1gofthe
method. The use of the alternative solvent gives statistically
sample dissolved in the specified solvent to a well-defined
equivalent results; however, the precision is worse. Paragraph
inflection point as specified in this test method.
X2.5.5 provides guidance when comparing results using the
4. Summary of Test Method
two different solvents.
1.4 The constituents that may be considered to have basic
4.1 The sample is dissolved in an essentially anhydrous
characteristics include organic and inorganic bases, amino
mixture of chlorobenzene and glacial acetic acid and titrated
compounds, salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of polya-
with a solution of perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid using
cidic bases, and salts of heavy metals.
potentiometric titrimeter. A glass indicating electrode and a
calomel reference electrode are used, the latter being connected
NOTE 2—This test method is applicable to both fresh oils and used oils
with the sample solution by means of a salt bridge. The meter
as described in Sections 16, 17, and 19 and in the Appendix X1.
readings are plotted against the respective volumes of titrating
1.5 This test method can be used to determine base number
solution, and the end point is taken at the inflection in the
>300 mg KOH/g. However, the precision statement in Section
resulting curve.
19 has been obtained only on base number #300 mg KOH/g.
4.2 Procedure A uses 120 mL of titration solvent. Procedure
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
B uses 60 mL of titration solvent. In addition, the two
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
procedures use different equations for the calculation of appro-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate sample weights. Since many portions of the test method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
are identical for procedures A and B, only the unique sections
will be described separately for the two versions of the test
method.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally
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published as D 2896 – 70 T. Last previous edition D 2896 – 98. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 2896
4.3 Occasionally certain used oils give no inflection in the all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
forward titration mode, in which case a back titration modifi- tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,
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cation with sodium acetate titrant is employed. where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
5. Significance and Use
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without l
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