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ASTM F1349-98(2003)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Extractables from Microwave Susceptors

Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Extractables from Microwave Susceptors

ABSTRACT
This test method establishes the apparatuses required, the standard procedures, and associated calculations involved in the determination of relatively polar nonvolatile ultraviolet (UV) absorbing extractable components that may migrate from microwave susceptor packaging into food simulants, such as corn oil and Miglyol 812. This test method has been collaboratively studied using bilaminate susceptors constructed of paperboard, adhesive, and a layer of polyethylene terephthalate polymer (PETE) susceptor.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relatively polar ultraviolet (UV) absorbing components that may migrate from microwave susceptor packaging into food simulants, such as corn oil and Miglyol 812.
1.2 This test method has been collaboratively studied using bilaminate susceptors constructed of paperboard, adhesive, and a layer of polyethylene terephthalate polymer (PETE) susceptor. Adhesive and PETE related compounds were quantitated using this test method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 4.3.2.3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-1998
ICS
19.100 - Non-destructive testing
Technical Committee
F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
Drafting Committee
F02.15 - Chemical/Safety Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1349-98 - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Extractables from Microwave Susceptors
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998
Replaced By
ASTM F1349-08 - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Extractables from Microwave Susceptors
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM F1500-98(2019) - Standard Test Method for Quantitating Non-UV-Absorbing Nonvolatile Extractables from Microwave Susceptors Utilizing Solvents as Food Simulants (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998
Referred By
ASTM F17-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Primary Barrier Packaging
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998
Referred By
ASTM F874-98(2019) - Standard Test Method for Temperature Measurement and Profiling for Microwave Susceptors (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998
Referred By
ASTM F1317-98(2019) - Standard Test Method for Calibration of Microwave Ovens (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
10-Oct-1998

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ASTM F1349-98(2003) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Extractables from Microwave SusceptorsASTM F1349-98(2003) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Extractables from Microwave Susceptors
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ASTM F1349-98(2003) - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Extractables from Microwave Susceptors
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F 1349 – 98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Nonvolatile Ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Extractables from
Microwave Susceptors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1349; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.5 Detector-UV Absorbance, set for 254 nm. Adjust
sensitivity to give a 70 to 100 % of full scale peak for the 5-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relatively
ppm dimethylterephthalate DMT standard.
polar ultraviolet (UV) absorbing components that may migrate
3.2.6 Gradient Program, 4 to 60 % Mobile Phase B in 8
frommicrowavesusceptorpackagingintofoodsimulants,such
min; 60 to 70 % B in 9 min; 70 to 100 % B in 7 min; 100 % B
as corn oil and Miglyol 812.
for 11 min; 100 to 4 % B in 5 min; 4 % B for minimum of 5
1.2 This test method has been collaboratively studied using
min. Where Mobile Phase A ( v/v) is 85 + 15 + 0.25 %
bilaminatesusceptorsconstructedofpaperboard,adhesive,and
water:acetonitrile:acetic acid, and Mobile Phase B (v/v)is
a layer of polyethylene terephthalate polymer (PETE) suscep-
15 + 85 % water:acetonitrile.
tor. Adhesive and PETE related compounds were quantitated
3.2.7 Peak Area Integration System—Initialize data acqui-
using this test method.
sition or integration system, or both, from 5 to 35 min during
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the separation.
standard.
3.3 Hexane, LC/UV grade.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.4 Acetonitrile, LC/UV grade.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.5 Corn Oil—Obtain corn oil that is as pure and fresh as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
possible to minimize peaks in nonvolatiles extractables chro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
matogram. Alternatively, Miglyol 812 (a fractionated coconut
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
oil) or synthetic fat simulant HB 307 can be used as a
statements are given in 4.3.2.3.
substitute for corn oil.
2. Referenced Documents 3.6 Dimethylacetamide (DMAC), LC/UV grade.
3.7 Conical Bottom Test Tubes, 50 mL, graduated.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.8 Bishydroxyethyleneterephthalate (BHET).
F 874 Test Method for Temperature Measurement and Pro-
3.9 Diethylterephthalate (DET).
filing for Microwave Susceptors
3.10 Dimethylterephthalate (DMT).
F 1317 Test Method for Calibration of Microwave Ovens
3.11 Fluoroptic Thermometry System.
3. Apparatus and Reagents
3.12 Temperature Probes, four, high temperature
3.13 Glass Beads, 3 to 4 mm, clean thoroughly by rinsing
3.1 Microwave Oven, 700 6 35 W, calibrated. Refer to Test
with methylene chloride followed by soaking for 30 min in
Method F 1317.
acetonitrile. Dry thoroughly before using.
3.2 High-Pressure Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC), consist-
3.14 Recommended Microwave Nonvolatile Extraction
ing of:
Cell—Waldorf Polytetrafluoroethylene cell. (See Figs. 1-3).
3.2.1 Pump, capable of 1.5 mL/min with flow precision
62%.
3.2.2 Injector, loop-type, equipped with 20-µL loop.
3.2.3 Guard Column,C , 5 µm. Fat simulant HB 307 is available from NATEC, Behringstrabe 154, Postfach
501568, 2000 Hamburg 50, West Germany.
3.2.4 Analytical Column,C , 5 µm, 250 by 4.6 mm.
Available from Polysciences, Inc., 400 Valley Rd., Warrington, PA 18976.
Request Catalog Number 18218.
Available from Fisher Scientific, 711 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on Flexible Request Catalog Number 1189984.
Barrier Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.15 on Available fromAldrich, 1001W. St. PaulAve., Milwaukee,WI 53233. Request
Chemical/Safety Properties. Catalog Number 18512-4.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally Luxtron Model 750, or equivalent, has been found suitable for this purpose.
published as F 1349 – 91. Last previous edition F 1349 – 94. Available from Luxtron Co., 1060 Terra Bella Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043.
2 9
Miglyol 812 is a product of Dynamit Nobel Chemicals, available from HULS Luxtron Model MIW, or equivalent, has been found suitable for this purpose.
America, Inc., 80 Centennial Ave., PO Box 456, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0456. This and additional PTFE polymer materials are available from Read Plastics,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. 12331 Wilkins Ave., Rockville, MD 20852.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1349 – 98 (2003)
waving oil in the cell, the cell should be rinsed with methylene
chloride to remove residual oil and prevent carry-over.
3.15 Solvent Concentration Apparatus—Kuderna-Danish
evaporative concentrator, rotory evaporator; or Zymark Tur-
boVap at a nitrogen pressure of 30 psi and a water bath
temperature of 50°C.
4. Procedure
4.1 Temperature Measurement:
4.1.1 Refer to Test Method F 874 to determine the time and
water load specifications.
4.2 Sample Preparation and Microwave Heating:
NOTE 1—Alwaysbesurethemicrowaveovenisatambienttemperature
before starting any temperature measurement or heating procedure to
ensure consistency of output. Cooling of the microwave oven can be
expedited by using ice in beakers or crystallization dishes or by using cold
packs such as “blue ice.”
4.2.1 Select a representative piece of the susceptor sample
to be tested. If the susceptor is part of a package, trim excess
material from around susceptor. Determine the area of the
activesusceptormaterial.Thesusceptorshouldbecuttofitinto
a Waldorf PTFE Cell with the screw seal ring firmly seated
against the susceptor surface. Use of the Waldorf PTFE cell
reduces the risk of spilling hot oil and in addition, gives a
reproducible surface area (53.5 cm ) for extraction. Alterna-
NOTE 1—The ⁄16-in. (1.6-mm) diameter hole is for a Luxtron MIW
tively, cut a 13 by 18-cm rectangular piece of the active
temperature sensing probe. Number of holes and location may vary by
susceptor material, form an extraction boat with sides 1.5 cm
application.
FIG. 1 Collar Section of Waldorf Polytetrafluoroethylene high (boat configuration = 1.5 by 10 by 15 cm, approximately
Microwave Nonvolatile Extraction Cell
150 cm of surface area). Staple the corners of the boat
securely.
4.2.2 Add 53.2 g of Miglyol 812 of corn oil to the Waldorf
PTFE Cell. Alternatively, add 22.5 g oil and 75 g of glass
beads to the extraction boat.
4.2.3 Measure the mass of the room-temperature distilled
water load as determined in 4.1.1 into a 600-mL beaker and
add a boiling chip to this beaker.
4.2.4 PlaceWaldorf PTFE Cell or extraction boat contain-
ing the oil in the center of the microwave oven. Always
position cell/extraction boat in the same position for subse-
quent runs.
4.2.5 Insert the temperature sensing probes through pre-
formed holes in the walls in Waldorf PTFE Cells (shown in
Fig. 1 and in the lower center sketch of Fig. 2), or in the case
of the extraction boat, tape the probe to the wall of the oven
such that the probe tip maintains contact with the extraction
boat. Manipulate the probes until they make good firm contact
with the active face of the susceptor material.
4.2.6 Microwave the cell or alternate extraction boat using
the time specifications as determined in Test Method F 874.
Record the probe temperatures, preferably at 5-s intervals, but
at intervals not to exceed 15 s.
4.3 Quantitative Analysis:
4.3.1 Standard Curve:
NOTE 1—Relieve thread at bottom. Collar must seal to bottom of cap.
4.3.1.1 Prepare a standard mixture of 10 ppm ( w/v) each of
FIG. 2 Cap Section of Waldorf Polytetrafluorethylene Nonvolatile
BHET, DMT, DET, and any other identified UV components
Extraction Cell
This cell must be constructed by a machine shop experienced
ZymarkTurboVap is a product of the Zymark Corp., Zymark Ctr., Hopkinton,
in working with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). After micro- MA 01748.
F 1349 – 98 (2003)
FIG. 3 Suggested Modifications to Waldorf Cell
(see appendix) of the susceptor in DMAC. Proceed to generate evaporative concentrator with a 10-mL receiver or other
chromatograms using high pressure liquid chromatography in solvent concentration apparatus. Rinse the beaker with a
accordance with 3.2.5, 3.2.6, and 4.3.2.8. Retention times for second 25-
...

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5.2 IIT is not restricted to specific test forces, displacement ranges, or indenter types. This practice covers the requirements for a wide range of nano, micro, and macro (see ISO 14577-1) indentation testing applications. The various IIT instruments are required to adhere to the requirements of the practice within their specific design ranges.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines the basic steps of Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) and establishes the requirements, accuracies, and capabilities needed by an instrument to successfully perform the test and produce the data that can be used for the determination of indentation hardness and other material characteristics. IIT is a mechanical test that measures the response of a material to the imposed stress and strain of a shaped indenter by forcing the indenter into a material and monitoring the force on, and displacement of, the indenter as a function of time during the full loading-unloading test cycle.  
1.2 The operational features of an IIT instrument, as well as requirements for Instrument Verification (Annex A1), Standardized Reference Blocks (Annex A2) and Indenter Requirements (Annex A3) are defined. This practice is not intended to be a complete purchase specification for an IIT instrument.  
1.3 With the exception of the non-mandatory Appendix X4, this practice does not define the analysis necessary to determine material properties. That analysis is left for other test methods. Appendix X4 includes some basic analysis techniques to allow for the indirect performance verification of an IIT instrument by using test blocks.  
1.4 Zero point determination, instrument compliance determination and the indirect determination of an indenter’s area function are important parts of the IIT process. The practice defines the requirements for these items and includes non-mandatory appendixes to help the user define them.  
1.5 The use of deliberate lateral displacements is not included in this practice (that is, scratch testing).  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1901-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Detection and Evaluation of Discontinuities by Contact Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This guide provides procedures for the application of contact straight-beam examination for the detection and quantitative evaluation of discontinuities in materials.  
6.2 Although not all requirements of this guide can be applied universally to all examinations, situations, and materials, it does provide basis for establishing contractual criteria between the users, and may be used as a general guide for preparing detailed specifications for a particular application.  
6.3 This guide is directed towards the evaluation of discontinuities detectable with the beam normal to the entry surface. If discontinuities or other orientations are of concern, alternate scanning techniques are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the contact ultrasonic examination of bulk materials or parts by transmitting pulsed ultrasonic waves into the material and observing the indications of reflected waves. This guide covers only examinations in which one search unit is used as both transmitter and receiver (pulse-echo). This guide includes general requirements and procedures that may be used for detecting discontinuities, locating depth and distance from a point of reference and for making a relative or approximate evaluation of the size of discontinuities as compared to a reference standard.  
1.2 This guide complements Practice E114 by providing more detailed procedures for the selection and standardization of the examination system and for evaluation of the indications obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish the appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3370-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Matrix Array Ultrasonic Testing of Composites, Sandwich Core Constructions, and Metals

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures described in this practice have proven utility in the inspecting (1) monolithic polymer matrix composites (laminates) for bulk defects, (2) metals for corrosion during the service life of the part of interest, (3) thickness checks, (4) adhesive bonding of metals, composites, and sandwich core constructions, (5) coatings, and (6) composite filament windings. Both unpressurized, and with suitable precautions, pressurized materials and components are inspected.  
5.2 This practice provides guidelines for the application of longitudinal wave examination to the detection and quantitative evaluation of damage, discontinuities, and thickness variations in materials.  
5.3 This practice is intended primarily for the testing of parts to acceptance criteria most typically specified in a purchase order or other contractual document, and for testing of parts in-service to detect and evaluate damage.  
5.4 MAUT search units provide near-surface resolution and detection of small discontinuities comparable to phased array transducers. They may or may not be capable of beam steering. The advantage of MAUT for straight-beam longitudinal wave inspections is the ability to provide real-time C-scan data, which facilitates data interpretation and shortens inspection time. Depending on inspection needs, data can be displayed as A-, B- or C-scans, or three-dimensional renderings. Toggling between pulse-echo and through transmission ultrasonic (TTU) modes without having to use another system or changing transducers is also possible.  
5.5 The MAUT technique has proven utility in the inspection of multi-ply carbon-fiber reinforced laminates used in primary aircraft structures.11  
5.6 For ultrasonic testing of laminate composites and sandwich core materials using conventional UT equipment consult Practice E2580. Consult Practice E114 for ultrasonic testing of materials by the pulse-echo method using straightbeam longitudinal waves introduced by a piezoelectric elemen...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for matrix array ultrasonic testing (MAUT) of monolithic composites, composite sandwich constructions, and metallic test articles. These procedures can be used throughout the life cycle of a part during product and process design optimization, on line process control, post-manufacturing inspection, and in-service inspection.  
1.2 In general, ultrasonic testing is a common volumetric method for detection of embedded or subsurface discontinuities. This practice includes general requirements and procedures which may be used for detecting flaws and for making a relative or approximate evaluation of the size of discontinuities and part anomalies. The types of flaws or discontinuities detected include interply delaminations, foreign object debris (FOD), inclusions, disbond/un-bond, fiber debonding, fiber fracture, porosity, voids, impact damage, thickness variation, and corrosion.  
1.3 Typical test articles include monolithic composite layups such as uniaxial, cross ply and angle ply laminates, sandwich constructions, bonded structures, and filament windings, as well as forged, wrought and cast metallic parts. Two techniques can be considered based on accessibility of the inspection surface: namely, pulse echo inspection for one-sided access and through-transmission for two-sided access. As used in this practice, both require the use of a pulsed straight-beam ultrasonic longitudinal wave followed by observing indications of either the reflected (pulse-echo) or received (through transmission) wave.  
1.4 This practice provides two ultrasonic test procedures. Each has its own merits and requirements for inspection and shall be selected as agreed upon in a contractual document.  
1.4.1 Test Procedure A, Pulse Echo (non-contacting and contacting) is at a minimum a single matrix array transducer transmitting and receiving longitudinal waves in the range of 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz (see Fig. 1). Th...

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ASTM
ASTM E2862-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Probability of Detection Analysis for Hit/Miss Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The POD analysis method described herein is based on a well-known and well established statistical regression method. It shall be used to quantify the demonstrated POD for a specific set of examination parameters and known range of discontinuity sizes under the following conditions.  
5.1.1 The initial response from a nondestructive evaluation inspection system is ultimately binary in nature (that is, hit or miss).  
5.1.2 Discontinuity size is the predictor variable and can be accurately quantified.  
5.1.3 A relationship between discontinuity size and POD exists and is best described by a generalized linear model with the appropriate link function for binary outcomes.  
5.2 This practice does not limit the use of a generalized linear model with more than one predictor variable or other types of statistical models if justified as more appropriate for the hit/miss data.  
5.3 If the initial response from a nondestructive evaluation inspection system is measurable and can be classified as a continuous variable (for example, data collected from an Eddy Current inspection system), then Practice E3023 may be more appropriate.  
5.4 Prior to performing the analysis it is assumed that the discontinuity of interest is clearly defined; the number and distribution of induced discontinuity sizes in the POD specimen set is known and well-documented; discontinuities in the POD specimen set are unobstructed; and the POD examination administration procedure (including data collection method) is well-designed, well-defined, under control, and unbiased. The analysis results are only valid if convergence is achieved and the model adequately represents the data.  
5.5 The POD analysis method described herein is consistent with the analysis method for binary data described in MIL-HDBK-1823A, and is included in several widely utilized POD software packages to perform a POD analysis on hit/miss data. It is also found in statistical software packages that have generalized line...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for performing a statistical analysis on nondestructive testing hit/miss data to determine the demonstrated probability of detection (POD) for a specific set of examination parameters. Topics covered include the standard hit/miss POD curve formulation, validation techniques, and correct interpretation of results.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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