ASTM A275/A275M-98(2003)

Standard Test Method for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for magnetic particle examination of steel forgings. The procedure will produce consistent results upon which acceptance standards can be based. This standard does not contain acceptance standards or recommended quality levels.
1.2 Only direct current or rectified alternating (full or half wave) current shall be used as the electric power source for any of the magnetizing methods. Alternating current is not permitted because its capability to detect subsurface discontinuities is very limited and therefore unsuitable.
Note 1—Guide E 709 may be utilized for magnetic particle examination in the field for machinery components originally manufactured from steel forgings.
1.3 The minimum requirements for magnetic particle examination shall conform to practice standards of Practice E 1444. If the requirements of this test method are in conflict with the requirements of Practice E 1444, the requirements of this test method shall prevail.
1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2003
• ICS: 77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals
• ICS: 77.140.85 - Iron and steel forgings
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A275/A275M-98 - Standard Test Method for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM A275/A275M-06 - Standard Test Method for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
• Effective Date: 01-May-2006
• Referred By: ASTM A290/A290M-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Rings for Reduction Gears
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A504/A504M-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Wrought Carbon Steel Wheels
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A909/A909M-06(2021) - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Microalloy, for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A541/A541M-05(2020) - Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A471/A471M-19 - Standard Specification for Vacuum-Treated Alloy Steel Forgings for Turbine Rotor Disks and Wheels
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A961/A961M-23 - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A182/A182M-23 - Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A266/A266M-21 - Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A723/A723M-18a(2023) - Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for High-Strength Pressure Component Application
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A711/A711M-17(2022) - Standard Specification for Steel Forging Stock
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A989/A989M-23 - Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A456/A456M-08(2023) - Standard Specification for Magnetic Particle Examination of Large Crankshaft<brk/> Forgings
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A758/A758M-14(2019) - Standard Specification for Wrought-Carbon Steel Butt-Welding Piping Fittings with Improved Notch Toughness
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A 275/A275M–98 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
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Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA275/A 275M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for magnetic 2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
particle examination of steel forgings. The procedure will E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
3
produce consistent results upon which acceptance standards E 1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
can be based. This standard does not contain acceptance 2.2 Other Document:
standards or recommended quality levels. Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, Supplement
4
1.2 Only direct current or rectified alternating (full or half B-Magnetic Particle Method
wave)currentshallbeusedastheelectricpowersourceforany
3. Terminology
of the magnetizing methods. Alternating current is not permit-
ted because its capability to detect subsurface discontinuities is 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 indication—the visual magnetic particle buildup re-
very limited and therefore unsuitable.
sulting from leakage fields in the magnetic field.
NOTE 1—Guide E 709 may be utilized for magnetic particle examina-
3.1.2 linear indication—an indication in which the length is
tion in the field for machinery components originally manufactured from
at least three times the width. The minimum length of
steel forgings.
1
indications to be considered linear shall be ⁄16 in. [1.6 mm].
1.3 The minimum requirements for magnetic particle ex-
3.1.3 magnetic flux—the product of the magnetic induction
amination shall conform to practice standards of Practice
and the area of a surface (or cross section) when the magnetic
E 1444. If the requirements of this test method are in conflict
induction is uniformly distributed and normal to the plane of
with the requirements of Practice E 1444, the requirements of
the surface. The concept that the magnetic field is flowing
this test method shall prevail.
along the lines of force suggests that these lines are therefore
1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifica-
“flux” lines, and they are called magnetic flux.
tions are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units.
3.1.4 magnetic particle method of examination—a method
However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” speci-
for detecting discontinuities on or near the surface in suitably
fication designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished
magnetized materials, which employs finely divided magnetic
to inch-pound units.
particles that tend to congregate in regions of leakage fields.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
3.1.5 nonrelevant indications—indications produced by
be regarded as standard.Within the text, the SI units are shown
leakage fields. However, the conditions causing them are
in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact
present by design or accident, or other features of the part
equivalents; therefore, each system must be used indepen-
having no relation to the damaging flaws being sought. The
dently of the other. Combining values from the two systems
term signifies that such an indication has no relation to the
may result in nonconformance with the specification.
discontinuities that might constitute defects.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Basis of Application
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 When in accordance with the requirements of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
inquiry, contract, order, or specifications, forgings are fur-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
nished subject to magnetic particle examination, the manufac-
turer and the purchaser shall be in agreement concerning the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
following:
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
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approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as A 275 – 98. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Method Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 4153 Arlingate
SA-275/SA-275M in Section II of that Code. Plaza, Caller #28515, Columb
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