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ASTM D1059-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)

Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the yarn number of all types of cotton, woolen, worsted, and man-made fiber yarns taken from packages; or from any textile fabrics in which the yarns are intact and can be removed in measurable lengths. The test method is not applicable to yarns taken from napped or cut pile fabrics. Because this method is based on short-length specimens, the results should only be considered as approximations of yarn number.
Note 1—For a more precise procedure for the determination of yarn number, refer to Test Method D 1907.
Note 2—The following additional methods for the determination of yarn number have been approved for yarns made from specific fibers: Specifications D 541, D 578, and D 681.
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns which stretch less than 5 % when tension on yarn is increased from 0.25 to 0.75 cN/tex (0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex). By mutual agreement it may be adapted to yarns which stretch more than 5 % by use of tension lower than that specified in the method for elastomers or use of tension higher than that specified in the method to pull the crimp out of textured yarns.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; the values in inch-pound units are reported as information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the yarn number of all types of cotton, woolen, worsted, and man-made fiber yarns taken from packages; or from any textile fabrics in which the yarns are intact and can be removed in measurable lengths.  
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles and Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers, this test method was withdrawn in July 2010 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2001
Withdrawal Date
30-Jun-2010
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1059-97 - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D1577-07(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D2259-21 - Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Yarns
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5034-21 - Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D580/D580M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes and Webbings
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D579/D579M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4031-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Bulk Properties of Textured Yarns
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D1422/D1422M-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Twist in Single Spun Yarns by the Untwist-Retwist Method
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D1907/D1907M-12(2018) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D1423/D1423M-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4029/D4029M-23 - Standard Specification for Finished Woven Glass Fabrics
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001

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ASTM D1059-01 - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)ASTM D1059-01 - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
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ASTM D1059-01 - Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1059–01
Standard Test Method for
1
Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1059; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D541 Specification for Single Jute Yarn
D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the yarn
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
number of all types of cotton, woolen, worsted, and man-made
D681 Specification for Jute Rove and Plied Yarn for Elec-
fiber yarns taken from packages; or from any textile fabrics in
trical and Packing Purposes
which the yarns are intact and can be removed in measurable
D1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting
lengths. The test method is not applicable to yarns taken from
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
napped or cut pile fabrics. Because this method is based on
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn
short-length specimens, the results should only be considered
Number) by the Skein Method
as approximations of yarn number.
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
NOTE 1—For a more precise procedure for the determination of yarn
number, refer to Test Method D1907.
3. Terminology
NOTE 2—The following additional methods for the determination of
3.1 Definitions:
yarn number have been approved for yarns made from specific fibers:
3.1.1 cotton count, n—an indirect yarn numbering system
Specifications D541, D578, and D681.
generally in the cotton system equal to the number of 840-yd
1.2 Thistestmethodisapplicabletoyarnswhichstretchless
lengths of yarn per pound.
than 5 % when tension on yarn is increased from 0.25 to 0.75
3.1.2 cut, n—in asbestos and glass yarns, the number of
cN/tex (0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex). By mutual agreement it may be
100-yd lengths of yarn per pound; an indirect yarn numbering
adaptedtoyarnswhichstretchmorethan5 %byuseoftension
system.
lower than that specified in the method for elastomers or use of
3.1.3 cut, n—in wool yarns,thenumberof300ydlengthsof
tension higher than that specified in the method to pull the
yarn per pound; an indirect yarn numbering system.
crimp out of textured yarns.
3.1.4 denier, n—aunitoflineardensity,equaltothemassin
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
grams per 9000 m of fiber yarn, or other textile strand that is
standard; the values in inch-pound units are reported as
usedindirectyarnnumberingsystem.(Seealsolineardensity.)
information only.
3.1.5 direct yarn numbering system, n—a system that ex-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
presses yarn linear density (number). (See also denier, spyndle
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
number, and tex.)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 grex, n—anobsoletedirectnumberingsystemforfiber
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
yarn, or other textile strand equal to the mass in grams per
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
10 000 m. (See also linear density.)
3.1.7 indirect yarn numbering system, n—a system that
2. Referenced Documents
expresses yarn as the reciprocal linear density (number). (See
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
also cotton count, metric count, worsted count, cut, and run.)
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.1.8 lea, n—in cotton yarns, the number of 120-yd lengths
of yarn per pound; an indirect yarn numbering system.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
3.1.9 lea, n—in linen yarns, the number of 300-yd lengths
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
of yarn per pound; an indirect yarn numbering system.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published November 2001. Originally
3.1.10 linear density, n—for fiber and yarn, mass per unit
published as D1059 – 49 T. Last previous edition D1059 – 97. DOI: 10.1520/
D1059-01. length.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.11 metric count, n—an indirect yarn numbering system
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
for sliver roving, and yarn, equal to the number of 1000 m per
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
kilogram.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D1059–01
3.1.12 r
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1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
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Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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Standard Test Method for Yarn Number and Yarn Number Variability Using Automated Tester

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5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of yarn number up to 4000 dtex (3600 denier) and related variability properties of filament and spun yarns using an automated tester with capability for measuring mass variability characteristics.  
1.2 Yarn number variability properties include percent density spread (%DS), coefficient of variation (%CV), density frequency variation.  
Note 1: For determination of yarn number by use of reel and balance, refer to Test Method D1907. For another method of measuring variability (unevenness) in yarn, refer to Test Method D1425.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore to ensure conformance with this standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2258/D2258M-16(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM D3693-02(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for the labeled lengths per holder of sewing threads of all materials. The test specimen is a thread holder whether a cone, tube, spool, ready-made bobbin, or any other holders. The observed length for all holders such as home sewing spools, ready-made bobbins, or all other holders which depends on the sampling size shall equal or exceed a certain percentage of the minimum allowable labeled length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the labeled lengths of sewing threads of all materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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