ASTM D2259-21

Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Yarns

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D2259 for testing yarn for shrinkage in boiling water, saturated steam, dry heat, or solvents is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of yarn because the test method has been used extensively in the trade for that purpose.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Results obtained by this test method can be used for the following purposes:  
5.2.1 As an aid in predicting the dimensional stability of fabrics to wet processing,  
5.2.2 As an aid in predicting the dimensional stability of fabrics during processing at elevated temperatures, and  
5.2.3 As a control measure in the manufacture of some types of fibers.  
5.3 The shrinkage medium to be used in the test depends on the requirements of the parties involved.  
5.4 The procedure for shrinkage in boiling water is described in Section 12, for shrinkage in dry heat in Section 13, for shrinkage in saturated steam in Section 14, and for shrinkage in solvents in Section 15. A 30-min exposure time is prescribed for boiling water. In exposure to dry heat, saturated steam, or solvents, the extent of change in the length of yarn is dependent upon the fiber type and upon t...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the shrinkage of yarns in skein form when treated in boiling water, dry heat, saturated steam, or solvents. This test method is applicable to yarns made from any fiber or combination of fibers where the tex of the yarn is known or can be determined. This test method is not recommended for elastomeric yarns and those yarns that stretch more than 5 % under the tension loadings prescribed, although it has been used for the latter.  
Note 1: Procedures for determining yarn shrinkage and bulk properties of textured yarns are covered in Test Method D4031.  
1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI and inch-pound units. “SI” units is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. “Inch-pound” units is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall be regarded as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other without combining in any way.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2021
• ICS: 59.080.20 - Yarns
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2259 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Shrinkage of Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2259; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1059Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
Length Specimens
1.1 This test method is used to determine the shrinkage of
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
yarns in skein form when treated in boiling water, dry heat,
D1907Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Num-
saturated steam, or solvents. This test method is applicable to
ber) by the Skein Method
yarns made from any fiber or combination of fibers where the
D2258Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
texoftheyarnisknownorcanbedetermined.Thistestmethod
D3888Terminology for Yarn Spinning Systems
is not recommended for elastomeric yarns and those yarns that
D3990Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
stretch more than 5% under the tension loadings prescribed,
D4031Test Method for Bulk Properties of Textured Yarns
although it has been used for the latter.
D4848Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
NOTE 1—Procedures for determining yarn shrinkage and bulk proper-
Related Properties of Textiles
ties of textured yarns are covered in Test Method D4031.
D4849Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI and
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
inch-pound units. “SI” units is the technically correct name for
Ventilation Ovens
thesystemofmetricunitsknownastheInternationalSystemof
3. Terminology
Units. “Inch-pound” units is the technically correct name for
thecustomaryunitsusedintheUnitedStates.Thevaluesstated
3.1 Definitions:
ineitherSIunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedasstandard.
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test
The values expressed in each system may not be exact
method: skein and skein loop-length, refer to Terminology
equivalents;thereforeeachsystemmustbeusedindependently
D4849.
of the other without combining in any way.
3.1.2 For definition of the term extension used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D4848.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.1.3 Forothertextiletermsusedinthistestmethod,referto
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Terminology Standards, D123, D3888, D3990, D4848 and
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- D4849.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 The loop length of a conditioned skein of yarn is
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
measured under a specific tension, which is sufficient to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
straighten but not stretch the skein. The tension-free skein is
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
then immersed in boiling water or exposed to dry heat or
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
saturated steam or in the solvent reconditioned, and remea-
sured.Theshrinkage(orinsomecases,growth)iscalculatedas
2. Referenced Documents
the change in length expressed as a percentage of the length
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
before immersion or exposure.
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
5. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles and is
5.1 Test Method D2259 for testing yarn for shrinkage in
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
boiling water, saturated steam, dry heat, or solvents is consid-
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally
ɛ1
ered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial ship-
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2259–02(2016) .
DOI: 10.1520/D2259-21.
ments of yarn because the test method has been used exten-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sively in the trade for that purpose.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2259 − 02 (Reapproved 2016) D2259 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Shrinkage of Yarns
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2259; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—In 6.1, “1 cN/tex or 1.0 gf/den” was corrected editorially to “1 cN/tex or 0.1 gf/den” in April 2020.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to determine the shrinkage of yarns in skein form when treated in boiling water, dry heat, saturated
steam, or solvents. This test method is applicable to yarns made from any fiber or combination of fibers where the tex of the yarn
is known or can be determined. This test method is not recommended for elastomeric yarns and those yarns that stretch more than
5 % under the tension loadings prescribed, although it has been used for the latter.
NOTE 1—Procedures for determining yarn shrinkage and bulk properties of textured yarns are covered in Test Method D4031.
1.2 This test method shows the values in both SI and inch-pound units. “SI” units is the technically correct name for the system
of metric units known as the International System of Units. “Inch-pound” units is the technically correct name for the customary
units used in the United States. The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall be regarded as standard. The values
expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other without
combining in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D3888 Terminology for Yarn Spinning Systems
D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
D4031 Test Method for Bulk Properties of Textured Yarns
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016July 1, 2021. Published February 2016August 2021. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
ɛ1
D2259 – 02(2011).(2016) . DOI: 10.1520/D2259-02R16E01.10.1520/D2259-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2259 − 21
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method: skein and skein loop-length, refer to Terminology D4849.
3.1.2 For definition of the term extension used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4848.
3.1.3 For other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology Standards, D123, D3888, D3990, D4848 and D4849.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The loop length of a conditioned skein of yarn is measured under a specific tension, which is sufficient to straighten but not
stretch the skein. The tension-free skein is then immersed in boiling water or exposed to dry heat or saturated steam or in the
solvent reconditioned, and remeasured. The shrinkage (or in some cases, g
...