ASTM F2894-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Materials, Protective Clothing, and Equipment for Heat Resistance Using a Hot Air Circulating Oven
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Materials, Protective Clothing, and Equipment for Heat Resistance Using a Hot Air Circulating Oven
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate the heat resistance of materials, clothing, and equipment when exposed to heat in a hot air circulating oven. The principal findings of this test method are observations of the specimen response to the heat exposure.
5.1.1 The majority of procedures specified in this test method apply to the evaluation of flat material specimens.
5.1.2 When evaluating non-flat materials, alternative procedures are required for mounting specimens and interpreting the effects of the heat exposure.
5.2 If specified, this test method is used for the measurement of material dimensional change following a convective heat exposure in a hot air circulating oven.
5.3 This test method is not intended to simulate the actual exposure of material, clothing, or equipment in high-heat conditions such as a fire environment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative measurements and subjective observations that characterize the performance for evaluating the heat resistance of materials, protective clothing, and equipment when exposed in a hot air circulating oven.
1.2 This test method is intended to evaluate physical changes in materials, protective clothing, and equipment at a specified heat exposure.
1.2.1 The specified heat exposure in the hot air circulating oven is a combination of convective heat and radiant heat.
1.3 Materials, protective clothing, and equipment are evaluated for visible changes or subjected to a material property measurement following a specified heat exposure.
1.3.1 This test method is not to be used for the evaluation of sticking. An acceptable method for evaluating sticking of fabrics is described in NFPA 1975, Sections 7.2.1 and 8.3. The NFPA 1975 test method evaluates the thermal stability of specimens by assessing the blocking of folded specimens placed between glass plates, under a specified weight, inside an oven meeting the same characteristics of the oven used in this test method.
1.4 This test method enables the quantitative measurement of dimensional change that occurs as a result of a specified heat exposure in a hot air circulating oven.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Flame-resistant and heat-resistant materials are described in a range of different standards and meet a range of different requirements. For materials tested in accordance with this test method, the applicable standard shall be used to establish preconditioning, conditioning, and testing conditions and requirements.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2894 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Materials, Protective Clothing, and Equipment
1
for Heat Resistance Using a Hot Air Circulating Oven
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
range of different standards and meet a range of different requirements.
1. Scope
For materials tested in accordance with this test method, the applicable
1.1 This test method covers quantitative measurements and
standard shall be used to establish preconditioning, conditioning, and
subjective observations that characterize the performance for testing conditions and requirements.
evaluating the heat resistance of materials, protective clothing,
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
and equipment when exposed in a hot air circulating oven.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2 This test method is intended to evaluate physical
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
changes in materials, protective clothing, and equipment at a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
specified heat exposure.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2.1 The specified heat exposure in the hot air circulating
oven is a combination of convective heat and radiant heat.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 Materials, protective clothing, and equipment are evalu-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ated for visible changes or subjected to a material property
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
measurement following a specified heat exposure.
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-
1.3.1 This test method is not to be used for the evaluation of
tiles
sticking. An acceptable method for evaluating sticking of
D7571 Specification for Retained Sewn Seam StrengthAfter
fabrics is described in NFPA1975, Sections 7.2.1 and 8.3. The
Exposures to Hot Air and Open Flame
NFPA 1975 test method evaluates the thermal stability of
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
specimens by assessing the blocking of folded specimens
Ventilation Ovens
placedbetweenglassplates,underaspecifiedweight,insidean
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
oven meeting the same characteristics of the oven used in this
ASTM Test Methods
test method.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.4 This test method enables the quantitative measurement
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ofdimensionalchangethatoccursasaresultofaspecifiedheat
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
exposure in a hot air circulating oven. 3
2.2 AATCC Standard:
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Test Method 135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
4
conversions to other units that are commonly used for thermal
2.3 NFPA Standard:
testing.
NFPA1975 Standard on Station/Work Uniforms for Fire and
Emergency Services
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.1 Definitions:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Flame-resistant and heat-resistant materials are described in a 2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF23onPersonal the ASTM website.
3
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
F23.80 on Flame and Thermal. (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
Current edition approved July 15, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally www.aatcc.org.
4
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as F2894 – 19. Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
DOI:10.1520/F2894-21. Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2894 − 19 F2894 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Materials, Protective Clothing, and Equipment
1
for Heat Resistance Using a Hot Air Circulating Oven
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers quantitative measurements and subjective observations that characterize the performance for
evaluating the heat resistance of materials, protective clothing, and equipment when exposed in a hot air circulating oven.
1.2 This test method is intended to evaluate physical changes in materials, protective clothing, and equipment at a specified heat
exposure.
1.2.1 The specified heat exposure in the hot air circulating oven is a combination of convective heat and radiant heat.
1.3 Materials, protective clothing, and equipment are evaluated for visible changes or subjected to a material property
measurement following a specified heat exposure.
1.3.1 This test method is not to be used for the evaluation of sticking. An acceptable method for evaluating sticking of fabrics is
described in NFPA 1975, Sections 7.2.1 and 8.3. The NFPA 1975 test method evaluates the thermal stability of specimens by
assessing the blocking of folded specimens placed between glass plates, under a specified weight, inside an oven meeting the same
characteristics of the oven used in this test method.
1.4 This test method enables the quantitative measurement of dimensional change that occurs as a result of a specified heat
exposure in a hot air circulating oven.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
other units that are commonly used for thermal testing.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Flame-resistant and heat-resistant materials are described in a range of different standards and meet a range of different requirements. For
materials tested in accordance with this test method, the applicable standard shall be used to establish preconditioning, conditioning, and testing conditions
and requirements.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F23.80 on Flame and Thermal.
Current edition approved April 1, 2019July 15, 2021. Published April 2019August 2021. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20142019 as
F2894 – 14.F2894 – 19. DOI:10.1520/F2894-19.DOI:10.1520/F2894-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F2894 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D7571 Specification for Retained Sewn Seam Strength After Exposures to Hot Air and Open Flame
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
3
2.2 AATCC Standard:
Test Method 135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering of Woven and Knit Fabrics
4
2.3 NFPA Standard:
NFPA 1975 Standard on Station/Work Uniforms for Fire and Emergency Services
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, use the following documents: if the terms are related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123; if the terms are related to protective clothing, refer to Terminology F1494.
3.1
...
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