ASTM D804-12
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Pine Chemicals, Including Tall Oil and Related Products
Standard Terminology Relating to Pine Chemicals, Including Tall Oil and Related Products
SCOPE
1.1 Although the pine chemical industry has been a continuing producer of chemical products for many centuries, the nature of the industry, its products, and its terminology have changed. In particular, the original practice of recovering pine chemical through the processing of the exudate from pine trees has been supplemented by their extraction by solvent products of the wood pulping industry. For many years the industry was known as the Naval Stores industry but that term has gradually been replaced by the more descriptive and meaningful term, Pine Chemicals Industry. Thus, this terminology contains some old terms now mostly of historic value, together with the terms of the modern pine chemical industry.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D804 − 12
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Pine Chemicals, Including Tall Oil and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D804; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope dipentene, n—chemically defined as the optically inactive
form of the monocyclic terpene hydrocarbon limonene.
1.1 Although the pine chemical industry has been a con-
DISCUSSION—Commercial dipentenes contain substantial portions of
tinuing producer of chemical products for many centuries, the
other monocyclic and bicyclic, as well as some oxygenated, terpenes
nature of the industry, its products, and its terminology have
having closely related boiling ranges. They are generally obtained by
changed. In particular, the original practice of recovering pine
fractional distillation from crude oils recovered in the several commer-
chemical through the processing of the exudate from pine trees
cial methods of utilizing pine wood, also by isomerization during the
has been supplemented by their extraction by solvent products chemical processing of terpenes. There is no legal requirement under
the Naval Stores Act that the source, origin, or kind of dipentene be
of the wood pulping industry. For many years the industry was
shown in the commercial designation. Consequently, coined trade
known as the Naval Stores industry but that term has gradually
names are sometimes used in selling this product. The four kinds of
been replaced by the more descriptive and meaningful term,
commercial dipentene are:
Pine Chemicals Industry.Thus, this terminology contains some
chemically processed dipentene, n—recovered as a product
old terms now mostly of historic value, together with the terms
2
or a by-product in connection with the chemical treatment and
of the modern pine chemical industry.
conversion of other terpenes.
2. Referenced Documents
destructively distilled dipentene, n—fromthelighterportions
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of the oil recovered during the destructive distillation of pine
D6090 Test Method for Softening Point Resins (Mettler Cup
wood.
and Ball Method)
steam-distilled dipentene, n—fractionated from the crude
E28 Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived
oleoresinous extract during the processing of related steam-
from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
distilled wood naval stores.
3. Terminology
sulfate dipentene, n—from the crude condensate of the
vapors generated in the digestion of wood in the sulfate paper
abietic acid, commercial grade, n—a product consisting
chiefly of rosin acids in substantially pure form, separated pulp process.
either from rosin or tall oil commercially for specific
ester gum, n—a resin made from rosin and a polyhydric
purposes and in which abietic acid and its isomers are the
alcohol, generally glycerol or pentaerythritol.
principal components.
gloss oil, n—a solution of limed rosin or limed rosin acids in a
colophony, n—a term denoting medium and high grades of
volatile solvent, used chiefly in surface coatings.
rosin.
d-limonene, n—apurifiedopticallyactiveterpenehydrocarbon
crude stripper oil, n—a by-product of the manufacture of
recovered from by-products of the citrus industry.
citrus juice, composed largely of d-limonene and containing
DISCUSSION—It is used as a chemical intermediate and as a monomer
up to 1.5 % of aldehydes. (See also d-limonene.)
in terpene resins.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
metallic resinates, n—rosin in which part or all of the rosin
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
acids have been chemically reacted with those metals that
Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.
give soaps or salts which are water insoluble.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2012.PublishedJuly2012.Originallyapproved
in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D804 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/
DISCUSSION—Limed rosin, zinc-treated rosin, and the resinates of
D0804-12.
lead, cobalt, copper, and manganese, are of the greatest industrial
2
Zinkel, D. F., and Russell, J., eds., Naval Stores: Production, Chemistry and
importance.
Utilization, Pulp Chemicals Association, NY, 1989.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
modified rosin, n—rosin that has been treated with heat or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
catalysts,orbothwithorwithoutaddedchemicalsubstances,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. so as to cause sub
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D804–07 Designation:D804–12
Standard Terminology Relating to
Naval Stores,Pine Chemicals, Including Tall Oil and Related
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D804; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1Although the naval stores industry has been a continuing producer of chemical products for many centuries, the nature of the
industry, its products, and its terminology have changed. In particular, the original practice of recovering naval stores through the
processing of the exudate from pine trees (gum naval stores) has been supplemented by their extraction by solvent (wood naval
stores) and by wood pulping chemicals (sulfate naval stores). Thus, this terminology contains some old terms now mostly of
historic value, together with the terms of the modern naval stores industry.
1.1 Although the pine chemical industry has been a continuing producer of chemical products for many centuries, the nature
of the industry, its products, and its terminology have changed. In particular, the original practice of recovering pine chemical
through the processing of the exudate from pine trees has been supplemented by their extraction by solvent products of the wood
pulping industry. For many years the industry was known as the Naval Stores industry but that term has gradually been replaced
bythemoredescriptiveandmeaningfulterm,PineChemicalsIndustry.Thus,thisterminologycontainssomeoldtermsnowmostly
2
of historic value, together with the terms of the modern pine chemical industry.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6090 Test Method for Softening Point Resins (Mettler Cup and Ball Method)
E28 Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
3. Terminology
abietic acid, commercial grade, n—a product consisting chiefly of rosin acids in substantially pure form, separated either from
rosin or tall oil commercially for specific purposes and in which abietic acid and its isomers are the principal components.
colophony, n—a term denoting medium and high grades of rosin.
crude stripper oil, n—aby-productofthemanufactureofcitrusjuice,composedlargelyofd-limoneneandcontainingupto1.5 %
of aldehydes. (See also d-limonene.)
dipentene, n—chemically defined as the optically inactive form of the monocyclic terpene hydrocarbon limonene.
DISCUSSION—Commercial dipentenes contain substantial portions of other monocyclic and bicyclic, as well as some oxygenated, terpenes having
closely related boiling ranges. They are generally obtained by fractional distillation from crude oils recovered in the several commercial methods of
utilizing pine wood, also by isomerization during the chemical processing of terpenes. There is no legal requirement under the Naval Stores Act that
the source, origin, or kind of dipentene be shown in the commercial designation. Consequently, coined trade names are sometimes used in selling this
product. The four kinds of commercial dipentene are:
chemically processed dipentene, n—recovered as a product or a by-product in connection with the chemical treatment and
conversion of other terpenes.
destructively distilled dipentene, n—from the lighter portions of the oil recovered during the destructive distillation of pine
wood.
steam-distilled dipentene, n—fractionated from the crude oleoresinous extract during the processing of related steam-distilled
wood naval stores.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.34 on Naval Stores.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2007.PublishedJune2007.Originallyapprovedin1944.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2002asD804–02.DOI:10.1520/D0804-07.on
Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D804 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/D0804-12.
2
Zinkel, D. F., and Russell, J., eds., Naval Stores: Production, Chemistry and Utilization, Pulp Chemicals Association, NY, 1989.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.