ASTM D5322-98(2009)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
Standard Practice for Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s).
This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
Without regulatory approval, this practice does not supersede testing requirements, such as SW 846, Method 9090, stipulated by regulatory agencies.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.
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Designation: D5322 − 98 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the
Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of many terms used in this
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures
practice, refer to Terminologies D123 and D4439.
forthetestingofgeosyntheticsforchemicalresistancetoliquid
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived
3.2.1 chemical resistance—the ability to resist chemical
from solid wastes.
attack.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The attack is dependent on the test
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
method, and its severity is measured by determining the
only.
changes in physical properties. Time, temperature, stress, and
reagent may all be factors affecting the chemical resistance of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a material.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Forspecifichazards
technical engineering-related material as an integral part of a
statements, see Section 7.
man-made project, structure, or system.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids liquid waste, leachate, or chemical. The conditions specified in
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standard-
Chemical Reagents ization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic materi-
D5747 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resis- al(s).
tance of Geomembranes to Liquids
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the
2.2 Other Document:
behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such
SW 846, Method 9090 Compatibility Test for Wastes and
behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined
Membrane Liners
only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of
testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.
4.3 Without regulatory approval, this practice does not
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
supersedetestingrequirements,suchasSW846,Method9090,
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance
stipulated by regulatory agencies.
Properties.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 D5322 – 98 (2003). DOI:
5. Apparatus
10.1520/D5322-98R09.
5.1 Exposure Tank, for containment of the solution and test
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
material. The tank must be chemically resistant and imperme-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
able to the solution being used. Stainless steel or glass is
the ASTM website.
recommended. Glass should not be used with strongly basic
Available from US EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Test
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods. solutions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5322 − 98 (2009)
5.1.1 The size of the exposure tank is not specified since the worn by all personnel handling or exposed to the chemicals.
volume of liquid to be used with any given amount of Care should be taken when opening storage vessels at elevated
immersed geosynthetic has not been standardized byASTM or temperatures, due to the increased volatility of organics and
specified by the Environmental Protection Agency at the time increased activity of acids and bases. Care must also be taken
of the writing of this practice. Sufficient liquid must be used to to prevent the spilling of hazardous materials, and provisions
ensure the presence of any potentially detrimental chemicals must be made to clean up any accidental spills that do occur.
throughout the immersion. If sufficiently large exposure tanks
are not possible, or if it is suspected that trace amounts of 8. Sampling
chemicals may be depleted from the liquid during the
8.1 Samples of the geosynthetic(s) to be immersed should
exposure, smaller tanks may be used if the immersion liquid is
be taken in a manner appropriate for the particular material. It
replaced with fresh solution after each test period.
is essential that all of the material immersed, as well as the
5.2 Exposure Tank Lid, for sealing the tank. In order to unexposed material to be tested, have physical properties that
prevent the loss of volatile components of interest, the tank are as similar as possible. Refer to the section on sampling in
must be capable of being sealed with a chemically resistant the applicable standard for the chemical resistance of the
material. specific geosynthetic to be tested.
5.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, agreed upon, or required,
provisions must be made for maintaining ambient atmospheric
9. Procedure
pressure in the tank. Using a reflex condenser open to the air,
9.1 Tank Preparation—Clean the tank and lid thoroughly
a pressure relief valve or any method allowing the movement
prior to introduction of the sample or liquid. Use distilled or
of gas to relieve pressure while minimizing changes in the
deionized water for the final rinse of the cleaning procedure.
chemical composition of the test solution is acceptable (see
9.2 Sample Exposure—Hold the geosynthetic material to be
9.7). The purpose of this feature of the equipment is to prevent
immersed in place in the exposure container in such a way that
pressure buildup in an exposure tank from the generation of
contact with the container and other sheets of material is
gases by chemical reactions or biological activity.
limited as much as possible.
5.2.2 Pressurized tanks that maintain a constant pressure
9.2.1 Do not immerse different types of geosynthetic mate-
may be used as an alternative to 5.2.1 when the maintenance of
rials in the same immersion vessel.
a pressure other than ambient atmospheric pressure is
9.2.2 Add the liquid to the tank with the test samples in
specified, agreed upon, or required.
place. The liquid must cover the samples completely.
5.3 Temperature Control Equipment,tomaintaintheimmer-
9.2.3 If the liquid is placed in the tank at ambient tempera-
sion solution at the specified temperature. Options that have
ture and heated subsequently to an elevated immersion
worked well are the following: (1) a hot water bath to contain
temperature, the liquid will expand to a greater volume. This
the exposure tank; (2) a heating coil wrapped around the tank,
can result in the volume of the liquid exceeding the capacity of
or a hot plate used in conjunction with a thermostat and
the tank and thus a spill of hazardous materials. Expansion of
thermocouple; and (3) a room controlled at the exposure
the liquid should be anticipated and procedures prepared for
temperature for storing the tank. Placing a heating coil directly
the containment of excess liquid.
in the exposure solution is not recommended since corrosion
9.3 Sealing the Tanks—Unless otherwise specified, agreed
may affect the coil, and chemical reactions that may not
upon, or required, seal the exposure tanks with no air if the
otherwise occur may occur
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D 5322 – 98 (Reapproved 2003)2009)
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the
Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid
wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D 543 Test Method for Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
D4439Terminology for Geotextiles Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D 5747 Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geomembranes to Liquids
2.2 Other Document:
SW 846, Method 9090 Compatibility Test for Wastes and Membrane Liners
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of many terms used in this practice, refer to Terminologies D 123 and D 4439.
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 chemical resistance—the ability to resist chemical attack.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The attack is dependent on the test method, and its severity is measured by determining the changes in
physical properties. Time, temperature, stress, and reagent may all be factors affecting the chemical resistance of a material.
3.2.2 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering-related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Thispracticeprovidesastandardimmersionprocedureforinvestigatingthechemicalresistanceofageosynthetictoaliquid
waste, leachate, or chemical. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and
to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s).
4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior,
referredtoaschemicalresistance,canbedefinedonlyintermsofspecificchemicalsolutionsandmethodsoftestingandevaluation
criteria selected by the user.
4.3 Without regulatory approval, this practice does not supersede testing requirements, such as SW 846, Method 9090,
stipulated by regulatory agencies.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published August 1998. Originally published as D5322–92. Last previous edition D5322–92.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 D 5322 – 98 (2003).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
Available from US EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5322 – 98 (2003)(2009)
5. Apparatus
5.1 Exposure Tank, for containment of the solution and test material. The tank must be chemically resistant and impermeable
to the solution being used. Stainless steel or glass is recommended. Glass should not be used with strongly basic solutions.
5.1.1 The size of the exposure tank is not specified since the volume of liquid to be used with any given amount of immersed
geosynthetic has not been standardized byASTM or specified by the Environmental ProtectionAgency at the time of the writing
of this practice. Sufficient liquid must be used to ensure the presence of any potentially detrimental chemicals throughout the
immersion. If sufficiently large exposure tanks are not possible, or if it is suspected that trace amounts of chemicals may be
depleted from the liquid during the exposure, smaller tanks may be used if the immersion liquid is replaced with fresh solution
after each test period.
5.2 Exposure Tank Lid, for sealing the tank. In order to prevent the loss of volatile components of interest, the tank must be
capable of being sealed with a chemically resistant material.
5.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, agreed upon, or required, provisions must be made for maintaining ambient atmospheric
pressure in the tank. Using a reflex condenser open to the air, a pressure relief valve or any method allowing the movement of gas
to relieve pressure while minimizing changes in the chemical composition of the test solution is acceptable (see 9.7). The purpose
of this feature of the equipment is to prevent pressure buildup in an exposure tank from the generation of gases by chemical
reactions or biological activity.
5.2.2 Pressurized tanks that maintain a constant pressure may be used as an alternative to 5.2.1 when the maintenance of a
pressure other than ambient atmospheric pressure is specified, agreed upon, or required.
5.3 Temperature Control Equipment, to maintain the immersion solution at the specified temperature. Options that have worked
well are the following: (1) a hot water bath to contain the exposure tank; (2) a heating coil wrapped around the tank, or a hot plate
usedinconjunctionwithathermostatandthermocouple;and(3)aroomcontrolledattheexposuretemperatureforstoringthetank.
Placing a heating coil directly in the exposure solution is not recommended since corrosion may affect the coil, and chemical
reactions that may not otherwise occur may occur on a hot coil.
5.4 Stirrer, if required (see 9.4), for mixing the solution. Magnetically moved stirring bars and mechanical stirrers entering the
tank through the lid will both work, depending on the temperature control procedure.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Immersion Solution—The solutions potentially used with this practice have large differences in origin. The user of this
practice must determine the correct solution for use in the particular application. Liquid wastes, leachates collected from existing
installations, leachates made from solid wastes, synthetic leachates made from laboratory chemicals, standard chemical solutions
(Test Method D 543), and reference fuels and oils (Test Method D 471) are some of the possibilities.
7. Hazards
7.1 The solutions used in this practice may contain hazardous chemicals. Precautions must be taken when handling hazardous
waste, chemicals, and immersion solutions. Protective equipment suitable for the chemicals being used must be worn by all
personnel handling or exposed to the chemicals. Care should be taken when opening storage vessels at elevated temperatures, due
to the increased volatility of organics and increased activity of acids and bases. Care must also be taken to prevent the spilling of
hazardous materials, and provisions must be made to clean up any accidental spills that do occur.
8. Sampling
8.1 Samples of the geosynthetic(s) to be immersed should be taken in a manner appropriate for the particular material. It is
essential that all of the material immersed, as well as the unexposed materia
...
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