ASTM E3146-20

Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbonyls in Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by Potentiometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 While pyrolysis bio-oils are comprised of a large variety of compounds and chemical functional groups, quantification of carbonyl groups is especially important. Carbonyls are known to be responsible for the instability of bio-oil during both storage and processing. This method can be used to quantify the total carbonyl content of bio-oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the carbonyl content of bio-oils derived from thermochemical decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass and their deoxygenated products. This method is used for determination of carbonyls between 0.5 and 8 mol/kg.  
1.2 Review the current and appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions and proper personal protective equipment.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2020
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
• Drafting Committee: E48.05 - Biomass Conversion

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3146 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Carbonyls in Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by
1
Potentiometric Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Measurement System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the carbo-
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
nyl content of bio-oils derived from thermochemical decom-
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
position of lignocellulosic biomass and their deoxygenated
products. This method is used for determination of carbonyls 2.2 Other Standards
between 0.5 and 8 mol/kg. CEN/TR17103:2017 PetroleumandRelatedProducts-Fast
Pyrolysis Bio-oils for Stationary Internal Combustion
1.2 Review the current and appropriate Safety Data Sheets
3
Engines - Quality Determination
(SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid
EN 16900:2017 Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oils for Industrial
procedures, and safety precautions and proper personal protec-
4
Boilers—Requirement and Test Methods
tive equipment.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 bio-oil, n—thecrudeliquidproductofconvertingsolid
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
biomass into a liquid via fast pyrolysis or other thermochemi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cal conversion process.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 carbonyl, n—the chemical functional group consisting
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
of a carbon-oxygen double bond, C=O.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—For this method, this includes all alde-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
hydes and ketones; carboxylic acids, esters, and lactone groups
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
are not measured by this method.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 fast pyrolysis, n—pyrolysis conducted with rapid heat-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ing and short residence time; typically less than 10 s.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Otherdefinitionsforfastpyrolysisstate
5
residence times of typically less than 10 s (1, 2), 5 s (CEN/TR
2. Referenced Documents
2 17103:2017, EN 16900:2017), and 1 s (3, 4).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 pyrolysis, n—chemical decomposition of organic ma-
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
terials by heating in the absence of oxygen.
by Potentiometric Titration
3.1.5 oxime, n—a group of compounds containing the
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
chemical functional group >C=NOH, produced by the conden-
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
sation of ketones or aldehydes with hydroxylamine.
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
3.1.6 oximation reaction, n—reaction with or conversion
into an oxime.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
3
approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E3146 – 18a. DOI: Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
10.1520/E3146-20. Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsigroup.com.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3146 − 20
4. Summary of Test Method 7.4 Dry Block Heater with Magnetic Stirr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E3146 − 18a E3146 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Carbonyls in Pyrolysis Bio-Oils by
1
Potentiometric Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the carbonyl content of bio-oils derived from thermochemical decomposition
of lignocellulosic biomass and their deoxygenated products. This method is used for determination of carbonyls between 0.5 and
8 mol/kg.
1.2 Review the current and appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid
procedures, and safety precautions and proper personal protective equipment.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
Lubricants
2.2 Other Standards
CEN/TR 17103:2017 Petroleum and related productsRelated Products - Fast pyrolysis bio-oils for stationary internal
combustion engines - quality determinationPyrolysis Bio-oils for Stationary Internal Combustion Engines - Quality
3
Determination
EN 16900:2017 Fast Pyrolysis bio-oilsBio-oils for industrial boilers—Requirement and test methodsIndustrial Boilers—
4
Requirement and Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Bio-Oil,bio-oil, n—Thethe crude liquid product of converting solid biomass into a liquid via fast pyrolysis or other
thermochemical conversion process.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E48.05 on Biomass Conversion.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018May 1, 2020. Published January 2018June 2020. Originally approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as
E3146E3146 – 18a.–18. DOI: 10.1520/E3146–18A.10.1520/E3146-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
4
Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsigroup.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3146 − 20
3.1.2 Carbonyl,carbonyl, n—Thethe chemical functional group consisting of a carbon-oxygen double bond, C=O. For this
method, this includes all aldehydes and ketones; carboxylic acids, esters, and lactone groups are not measured by this method.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
For this method, this includes all aldehydes and ketones; carboxylic acids, esters, and lactone groups are not measured by this
method.
3.1.3 fast pyrolysis, n—Pyrolysispyrolysis conducted with rapid heating and short residence time; typically less than 10
seconds.s.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
5
– Other definitions for fast pyrolysis state residence times of typically less than 10 secondss (1, 2), 5 seconds (CEN standards,s
(
...