ASTM D5474-93(2006)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Data Elements for Groundwater Investigations
Standard Guide for Selection of Data Elements for Groundwater Investigations
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Data are gathered at groundwater sites for many purposes. Each purpose requires a different combination of data elements. However, it is mandatory that every groundwater site include a minimum set of data elements to uniquely identify that site by precisely locating with coordinates and political regimes, absolutely identifying the owner and data source, and clearly defining the basic site characteristics. This information is described in Practice D5254.
As a part of a groundwater project, each site requires additional data elements, beyond the minimum set, to assist in the interpretation of the local and areal hydrology. As an example, for a hydrologic reconnaissance study of a groundwater basin, each well or spring site requires basic information concerning construction, water level, yield, geology, and water chemistry. Additional information is needed if the project is a waste facility investigation, usually to satisfy local, state, and federal environmental regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection of data elements for the documentation of groundwater sites. The data elements are described in four ASTM standards outlining information that may be collected at groundwater sites. Examples of specific investigations are given with the logic of why to select individual and combinations of data elements to meet the requirements of the studies.
Note 1—A groundwater site is any source, location, or sampling station capable of producing water or hydrologic data from a natural stratum from below the surface of the earth. A source or facility can include a well, spring or seep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontal in orientation). Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore holes, ponds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydraulically connected to the groundwater, are appropriate for the use intended.
Note 2—The four ASTM standards that describe the data elements for groundwater are Practice D5254 and Guides D5408, D5409, and D5410.
1.2 Systematic and consistent data collection are necessary for the investigation of the availability and the protection or restoration of groundwater resources. The level of detail, precision and bias, and the type of data that need to be collected depend on the objective of the study, the expected complexity of the system, and the resources available for the investigation. This guide presents ideas on what information should be collected for specific studies, why certain data elements are mandatory, and the importance to current and future investigations of maintaining quality control on the collection and retention of these data. This guide focuses on those data elements that are gathered at the field-site location and are used to assist in interpreting the hydrology of the groundwater source and to meet regulatory requirements. Other analytical and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) considerations are addressed in other standards and beyond the scope of this guide.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved throug...
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Designation: D5474 − 93(Reapproved 2006)
Standard Guide for
1
Selection of Data Elements for Groundwater Investigations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5474; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide covers the selection of data elements for the
1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information
documentation of groundwater sites. The data elements are
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
described in four ASTM standards outlining information that
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
may be collected at groundwater sites. Examples of specific
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
investigations are given with the logic of why to select
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
individual and combinations of data elements to meet the
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
requirements of the studies.
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
NOTE1—Agroundwatersiteisanysource,location,orsamplingstation
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
capableofproducingwaterorhydrologicdatafromanaturalstratumfrom
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
below the surface of the earth. A source or facility can include a well,
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
springorseep,anddrainortunnel(nearlyhorizontalinorientation).Other
sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore holes, ponds, lakes, and
document means only that the document has been approved
sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydraulically connected to the
through the ASTM consensus process.
groundwater, are appropriate for the use intended.
NOTE 2—The fourASTM standards that describe the data elements for
2. Referenced Documents
groundwater are Practice D5254 and Guides D5408, D5409, and D5410.
2
1.2 Systematic and consistent data collection are necessary
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for the investigation of the availability and the protection or
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
restoration of groundwater resources. The level of detail,
Fluids
precision and bias, and the type of data that need to be
D5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements to
collected depend on the objective of the study, the expected
Identify a Ground-Water Site
complexity of the system, and the resources available for the
D5408 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a
investigation. This guide presents ideas on what information
Groundwater Site; Part One—Additional Identification
should be collected for specific studies, why certain data
Descriptors
elements are mandatory, and the importance to current and
D5409 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a
future investigations of maintaining quality control on the
Ground-Water Site; Part Two—Physical Descriptors
collection and retention of these data. This guide focuses on
D5410 Guide for Set of Data Elements to Describe a
those data elements that are gathered at the field-site location
Ground-Water Site;Part Three—Usage Descriptors
and are used to assist in interpreting the hydrology of the
groundwater source and to meet regulatory requirements.
3. Terminology
Other analytical and quality assurance/quality control (QA/
3.1 Definitions:
QC) considerations are addressed in other standards and
3.1.1 Except as listed as follows, all definitions are in
beyond the scope of this guide.
accordance with Terminology D653.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 code—a suggested abbreviation for a component, for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
example, “G” is the code suggested for the galvanized iron
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
component of data element casing material. The data element
is in the “casing record” record.
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This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
2
Vadose Zone Investigations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published August 2006. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5474 – 93 (2000). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520
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