ASTM D4185-06
(Practice)Standard Practice for Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Standard Practice for Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the collection, dissolution, and determination of trace metals in workplace atmospheres, by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
1.2 The sensitivity, detection limit, and optimum working concentration for 23 metals are given in Table 1.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Specific safety precautionary statements are given in Section .9)
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Designation:D4185–06
Standard Practice for
Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by
1
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 blank signal—that signal which results from all added
reagents and a clean membrane filter prepared and analyzed
1.1 This practice covers the collection, dissolution, and
exactly in the same way as the samples.
determination of trace metals in workplace atmospheres, by
3.2.2 instrumental detection limit—that concentration of a
flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
givenelementwhichproducesasignalthreetimesthestandard
1.2 The sensitivity, detection limit, and optimum working
deviation of the reagent blank signal.
concentration for 23 metals are given in Table 1.
3.2.3 working range for an analytical precision better than
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3%—the range of sample concentrations that will absorb 10 to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
70 % of the incident radiation (0.05 to 0.52 absorbance units).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 1—Values for instrumental detection limit may vary from instru-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Specific safety ment to instrument.
precautionary statements are given in Section 9.)
4. Summary of Practice
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Workplaceairsamplesarecollectedonmembranefilters
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2.1 ASTM Standards: and treated with nitric acid to destroy the organic matrix and to
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water dissolve the metals present. The analysis is subsequently made
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).
Atmospheres 4.2 Samples and standards are aspirated into an appropriate
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient AAS flame. A hollow cathode or electrodeless discharge lamp
Atmosphere for the metal being determined provides a source of character-
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration istic radiation energy for that particular metal. The absorption
D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Calibration of Personal of this characteristic energy by the atoms of interest in the
Sampling Pumps flame is related to the concentration of the metal in the
D7035 Test Method for Determination of Metals and Met- aspirated sample. The flame and operating conditions for each
alloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by Inductively element are listed in Table 2.
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-
5. Significance and Use
AES)
5.1 The health of workers in many industries is at risk
3. Terminology
through exposure by inhalation to toxic metals. Industrial
3.1 Definitions: hygienists and other public health professionals need to deter-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to mine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workers’
Terminology D1356. exposures, and this is generally achieved by making workplace
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: airmeasurements.Exposuretosomemetal-containingparticles
has been demonstrated to cause dermatitis, skin ulcers, eye
problems, chemical pneumonitis, and other physical disorders
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This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 onAir Quality
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(1).
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD22.04onWorkplaceAtmospheres.
5.2 AAS is capable of quantitatively determining most
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally
´1
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4185 96(2001) .
metals in air samples at the levels required by federal, state,
DOI: 10.1520/D4185-06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended to
the ASTM website. these methods.
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D4185–06
TABLE 1 AAS Instrumental Detection Limits and Optimum Working Concentration for 23 Metals
Detection Limit, µg/mL Optimum Linear Range
3 B
Element (approximately three times Upper Limit, TLV, mg/m (elements, compound classes, and oxides)
A
standard deviation of blank) µg/mL
Ag 0.001
...
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