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ASTM D4393-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds

Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peel adhesion of reinforcing fabrics that are bonded to rubber compounds. It is applicable to either woven or parallel cord textile structures from both natural and manmade fibers and to parallel steel cord structures.
1.2 This test method is primarily used to evaluate tire cords and tire cord fabrics, including steel tire cords, using a suitable tire cord adhesive and a suitable rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate tire cord adhesives (fabric dip), metallic (usually brass) coatings on steel cord, and the process of adhesive reaction on the cord using one consistent form of tire cord or fabric and one consistent rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate cords and fabrics in industrial hose and belting products and other cord or fabric reinforced rubber products.
1.3 Variables that may contribute to differences in results of this test method include adhesive type, adhesive application procedure, adhesive cure, fiber type, construction of cords or reinforcing fabrics, rubber type, rubber cure, rubber thickness, and cord spacing.
1.3.1 The deleterious effect of ozone in combination with atmospheric moisture on the ability of adhesives to bond with rubber requires assiduous protection of cords prior to rubber embedment.
1.4 This test method is written in SI units. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided in this test method are not necessarily exact equivalents of the SI units. Either system of units may be used in this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2002
ICS
59.100.01 - Materials for the reinforcement of composites in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4393-00 - Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D4393-04 - Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004

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ASTM D4393-02 - Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber CompoundsASTM D4393-02 - Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds
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ASTM D4393-02 - Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4393 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to
1
Rubber Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4393; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peel 2.1 ASTM Standards:
adhesion of reinforcing fabrics that are bonded to rubber D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-
4
compounds. It is applicable to either woven or parallel cord tiles
4
textile structures from both natural and manmade fibers and to D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5
parallel steel cord structures. D 1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
1.2 This test method is primarily used to evaluate tire cords D 2138 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Adhesion to
6
and tire cord fabrics, including steel tire cords, using a suitable Textile Cord
tire cord adhesive and a suitable rubber compound. This test D 2229 Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire
4
method may be used to evaluate tire cord adhesives (fabric Cords and Rubber
dip), metallic (usually brass) coatings on steel cord, and the D 6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire,
7
process of adhesive reaction on the cord using one consistent Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
form of tire cord or fabric and one consistent rubber com-
3. Terminology
pound. This test method may be used to evaluate cords and
3.1 Definitions:
fabrics in industrial hose and belting products and other cord or
fabric reinforced rubber products. 3.1.1 For defintions of terms relating to tire cord, bead wire,
hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D 6477.
1.3 Variables that may contribute to differences in results of
this test method include adhesive type, adhesive application 3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to rubber, refer to
Terminology D 1566.
procedure, adhesive cure, fiber type, construction of cords or
3.1.3 For definitions of terms related to textiles, refer to
reinforcing fabrics, rubber type, rubber cure, rubber thickness,
2
and cord spacing. Terminology D 123.
1.3.1 The deleterious effect of ozone in combination with
4. Summary of Test Method
atmospheric moisture on the ability of adhesives to bond with
4.1 Strap Peel Adhesion From Single Cord—Two pieces of
rubber requires assiduous protection of cords prior to rubber
3
weftless fabric of sufficient size to cover the curing mold cavity
embedment.
are generated on a rotatable drum (Fig. 1). These two fabrics
1.4 This test method is written in SI units. The inch-pound
are laid one against the other, with cords in the same direction,
units in parentheses are provided in this test method are not
to form the pad (Fig. 2). This pad has a nonstick fabric, such as
necessarily exact equivalents of the SI units. Either system of
holland cloth, separating the two fabric layers at one end for a
units may be used in this test method.
sufficient distance to eventually permit adjacent ends of each
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
fabric layer to be separated after curing and grasped separately
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in the jaws of a tensile testing machine. The pad is cured in a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
plunger-type mold (Fig. 3) and cut into straps in the long
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
direction, parallel to that of the cords. The force to peel one
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fabric layer from the other is determined in a recording tensile
testing machine.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord and Fabrics.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally
published as D 4393 – 85. Last previous edition D 4393 – 98.
2 4
Iyengar, Y., “Adhesion Behavior of Nylon Tire Cord/Adhesive/Rubber Sys- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
5
tems,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol 13, 1969, pp. 353–363. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.
3 6
Wenghoefer, H. M., “Environmental Effects on RFL Adhesion,” Rubber Discontinued 1990—Replaced by D 4776, D 4777.
7
Chemistry and Technology, Vol 47, No. 5, December 1974, pp. 1066–1073. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4393–02
NOTE 1—Laydown of c
...

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