ASTM E473-10

Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year of the last review or revision is appended.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 28-Feb-2010
• ICS: 01.040.17 - Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.03 - Nomenclature and Definitions

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E473-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM E473-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E3116-23 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity Measurement Validation of Rotational Viscometers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E1363-23 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D4419-90(2021) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Transition Temperatures of Petroleum Waxes by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM F2005-21 - Standard Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E1582-21 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E1868-10(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D4591-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Temperatures and Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E1860-23 - Standard Test Method for Elapsed Time Calibration of Thermal Analyzers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E2510-20 - Standard Test Method for Torque Calibration or Conformance of Rheometers
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E793-06(2018) - Standard Test Method for Enthalpies of Fusion and Crystallization by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E928-19 - Standard Test Method for Purity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM E487-20 - Standard Test Methods for Constant-Temperature Stability of Chemical Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D6604-00(2022) - Standard Practice for Glass Transition Temperatures of Hydrocarbon Resins by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E473–10
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal
analysis experiment.
1.1 Thisterminologyisacompilationofdefinitionsofterms
used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the
rheology.Thisterminologyincludesonlythosetermsforwhich
furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
controlled-temperature experiments. The program may include heating or
ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It
cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate,
is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to
isothermal segments in which time becomes the explicit independent
thermal analysis and rheology.
variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word
(or vacuum) around the sample is changed by some external action
form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoana-
(depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time)
lytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for
during the course of the experiment, that too becomes part of the
some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal controlled-temperature program.
analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against
recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word
an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or
dielectric thermal analysis (DETA or DEA), n—a technique
thermalmagnetometry.
in which the dielectric constant (permittivity or capacitance)
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
and dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under
mation included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and
oscillating electric field are measured as a function of
the year of the last review or revision is appended.
temperature or time while the substance is subjected to a
controlled-temperature program in a specified atmosphere.
2. Terminology
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathemati-
adiabatic, adj— no heat exchange with the surroundings.
cal) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of ab-
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or
sorbed or evolved heat.
measurable quantities usually between a substance and some
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to
reference or standard material.
different samples at the same time.
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), n—A technique in
controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA), n—a family of
which the heat flow difference into a substance and a
techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
reference material is measured as a function of temperature
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a
while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
property of a substance.
controlled-temperature program.
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the
NOTE 3—The record is the differential scanning calorimetric or DSC
reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become
curve. Two modes, power compensation differential scanning calorimetry,
limited by heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to
and heat flux differential scanning calorimetry can be distinguished,
involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also
depending on the method of measurement used.
improve the resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled
rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate differential thermal analysis(DTA),n—Atechnique in which
of mass loss (or gain).
the temperature difference between the substance and a
reference material is measured as a function of temperature,
controlled-temperature program,n—the temperature history
while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
controlled-temperature program.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
NOTE 4—The term quantitative differential thermal analysis covers
Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
those uses of DTA where the equipment is designed to pr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E473–09 Designation:E473–10
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for whichASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is
not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical
or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This
terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a
prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3Definitions that are similar to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name of
the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
1.4A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year
of the last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Adefinition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year
of the last review or revision is appended.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:
E1445Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
3.Terminology
adiabatic, adj— no heat exchange with the surroundings.
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of absorbed or evolved heat.
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to different samples at the same time. (ICTAC) (1999)
controlled-rate thermal analysis,analysis (CRTA ), n—a family of techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a property of a substance. (ICTAC) (1999)
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become limited by
heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also improve the
resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or
gain).
controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal analysis
experiment.
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
controlled-temperature experiments.The program may include heating or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate, isothermal
segments in which time becomes the explicit independent variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere (or vacuum) around
the sample is changed by some external action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time) during the course of the experiment,
that too becomes part of the controlled-temperature program.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against an independent parameter such as temperature or time. (ICTAC)
(1999)
dielectric thermal analysis,analysis (DETA or DEA), n—a technique in which the dielectric constant (permittivity, or
capacitance) and dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under oscillating electric field are measured as a function of
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved Aug.March 1, 2009.2010. Published September 2009.April 2010. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 as
E473 – 089. DOI: 10.1520/E0473-109.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E473
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E473–09 Designation:E473–10
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for whichASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is
not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical
or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This
terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a
prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3Definitions that are similar to those published by another standards body are identified with the abbreviation of the name of
the organization: for example, ICTAC is the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.
1.4A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year
of the last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Adefinition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year
of the last review or revision is appended.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:
E1445Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
3.Terminology
adiabatic, adj— no heat exchange with the surroundings.
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of absorbed or evolved heat.
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to different samples at the same time. (ICTAC) (1999)
controlled-rate thermal analysis,analysis (CRTA ), n—a family of techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a property of a substance. (ICTAC) (1999)
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become limited by
heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also improve the
resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or
gain).
controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal analysis
experiment.
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
controlled-temperature experiments.The program may include heating or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate, isothermal
segments in which time becomes the explicit independent variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere (or vacuum) around
the sample is changed by some external action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time) during the course of the experiment,
that too becomes part of the controlled-temperature program.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against an independent parameter such as temperature or time. (ICTAC)
(1999)
dielectric thermal analysis,analysis (DETA or DEA), n—a technique in which the dielectric constant (permittivity, or
capacitance) and dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under oscillating electric field are measured as a function of
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved Aug.March 1, 2009.2010. Published September 2009.April 2010. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 as
E473 – 089. DOI: 10.1520/E0473-109.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E473
...