ASTM E473-11
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for which ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years.
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Designation:E473–11
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal
analysis experiment.
1.1 Thisterminologyisacompilationofdefinitionsofterms
used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the
rheology.Thisterminologyincludesonlythosetermsforwhich
furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
controlled-temperature experiments. The program may include heating or
ASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It
cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate,
is not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to
isothermal segments in which time becomes the explicit independent
thermal analysis and rheology.
variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word
(or vacuum) around the sample is changed by some external action
form for terms using thermo as a prefix, such as thermoana-
(depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time)
lytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for
during the course of the experiment, that too becomes part of the
some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal controlled-temperature program.
analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against
recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word
an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
form using thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or
dielectric thermal analysis (DETA or DEA), n—a technique
thermalmagnetometry.
in which the dielectric constant (permittivity or capacitance)
1.3 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
and dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under
mation included in notes. It is reviewed every five years.
oscillating electric field are measured as a function of
temperature or time while the substance is subjected to a
2. Terminology
controlled-temperature program in a specified atmosphere.
adiabatic, adj— no heat exchange with the surroundings.
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathemati-
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of ab-
cal) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
sorbed or evolved heat.
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to
measurable quantities usually between a substance and some
different samples at the same time.
reference or standard material.
controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA), n—a family of
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), n—A technique in
techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile
which the heat flow difference into a substance and a
needed to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a
reference material is measured as a function of temperature
property of a substance.
while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
controlled-temperature program.
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the
reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become
NOTE 3—The record is the differential scanning calorimetric or DSC
limited by heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to
curve. Two modes, power compensation differential scanning calorimetry,
involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also
and heat flux differential scanning calorimetry can be distinguished,
improve the resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled
depending on the method of measurement used.
rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate
of mass loss (or gain).
differential thermal analysis(DTA),n—Atechnique in which
the temperature difference between the substance and a
controlled-temperature program,n—the temperature history
reference material is measured as a function of temperature,
while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
controlled-temperature program.
Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions. NOTE 4—The term quantitative differential thermal analysis covers
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
those uses o
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E473–10 Designation:E473–11
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Thermal Analysis and Rheology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E473; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions of terms used in ASTM documents relating to thermal analysis and
rheology. This terminology includes only those terms for whichASTM either has standards or is contemplating some action. It is
not intended to be an all-inclusive listing of terms related to thermal analysis and rheology.
1.2 This terminology specifically supports the single-word form for terms using thermo-as thermo as a prefix, such as
thermoanalytical or thermomagnetometry, while recognizing that for some terms a two-word form can be used, such as thermal
analysis. This terminology does not support, nor does it recommend, use of the grammatically incorrect, single-word form using
thermal as a prefix, such as, thermalanalytical or thermalmagnetometry.
1.3 Adefinition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year
of the last review or revision is appended. years.
2. Terminology
adiabatic, adj— no heat exchange with the surroundings.
calorimeter, n—apparatus for measuring quantities of absorbed or evolved heat.
combined, adj—the application of two or more techniques to different samples at the same time.
controlled-rate thermal analysis (CRTA ), n—a family of techniques that monitors the temperature versus time profile needed
to maintain a chosen, fixed rate of change of a property of a substance.
NOTE 1—Compared to controlled-temperature experiments, where the reaction rate tends to increase exponentially and the rate can become limited by
heat or mass transfer, CRTA experiments are more likely to involve the chemical reaction as the limiting step. This technique can also improve the
resolution of multiple reactions. For example, in controlled rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of mass loss (or
gain).
controlled-temperature program, n—the temperature history experienced by a sample during the course of a thermal analysis
experiment.
NOTE 2—In contrast to controlled-rate experiments, power to the furnace is controlled to ensure a fixed rate of temperature change for
controlled-temperature experiments.The program may include heating or cooling segments in which the temperature is changed at a fixed rate, isothermal
segments in which time becomes the explicit independent variable, or any sequence of these individual segments. If the atmosphere (or vacuum) around
the sample is changed by some external action (depending on the independent variable only—temperature or time) during the course of the experiment,
that too becomes part of the controlled-temperature program.
curve, thermal, n—the plot of a dependent parameter against an independent parameter such as temperature or time.
dielectric thermal analysis (DETA or DEA), n—a technique in which the dielectric constant (permittivity or capacitance) and
dielectric loss (conductance) of a substance under oscillating electric field are measured as a function of temperature or time
while the substance is subjected to a controlled-temperature program in a specified atmosphere.
derivative, adj—pertaining to the first derivative (mathematical) of any curve with respect to temperature or time.
differential, adj—pertaining to a difference in measured or measurable quantities usually between a substance and some reference
or standard material.
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) , n—A technique in which the heat flow difference into a substance and a reference
material is measured as a function of temperature while the substance and reference material are subjected to a
controlled-temperature program.
NOTE 3—The record is the differential scanning calorimetric or DSC curve. Two modes, power compensation differential scanning calorimetry, and
heat flux differential scanning calorimetry can be distinguished, depending on the method of measurement used.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.03 on
Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved MarchApril
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