ASTM D5753-05
(Guide)Standard Guide for Planning and Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging
Standard Guide for Planning and Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
An appropriately developed, documented, and executed guide is essential for the proper collection and application of borehole geophysical logs.
5.1.1 The benefits of its use include improving the following:
5.1.1.1 Selection of logging methods and equipment,
5.1.1.2 Log quality and reliability, and
5.1.1.3 Usefulness of the log data for subsequent display and interpretation.
5.1.2 This guide applies to commonly used logging methods (see Table 1 and Table 2) for geotechnical investigations.
5.1.3 It is essential that personnel (see 7.3.3) consult up-to-date textbooks and reports on each of the logging techniques, applications, and interpretation methods. A partial list of selected publications is given at the end of this guide.
5.1.4 This guide is not meant to describe the specific or standard procedures for running each type of geophysical log and is limited to measurements in a single borehole.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the documentation and general procedures necessary to plan and conduct a geophysical log program as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, ground-water, and environmental (hereafter referred to as geotechnical) investigations. It is not intended to describe the specific or standard procedures for running each type of geophysical log and is limited to measurements in a single borehole. It is anticipated that standard guides will be developed for specific methods subsequent to this guide.
1.2 Surface or shallow-depth nuclear gages for measuring water content or soil density (that is, those typically thought of as construction quality assurance devices), measurements while drilling (MWD), cone penetrometer tests, and logging for petroleum or minerals are excluded.
1.3 Borehole geophysical techniques yield direct and indirect measurements with depth of the (1) physical and chemical properties of the rock matrix and fluid around the borehole, (2) fluid contained in the borehole, and ( 3) construction of the borehole.
1.4 To obtain detailed information on operating methods, publications (for example, , , , , , , , , and ) should be consulted. A limited amount of tutorial information is provided, but other publications listed herein, including a glossary of terms and general texts on the subject, should be consulted for more complete background information.
1.5 This guide provides an overview of the following: (1) the uses of single borehole geophysical methods, (2) general logging procedures, ( 3) documentation, (4) calibration, and (5) factors that can affect the quality of borehole geophysical logs and their subsequent interpretation. Log interpretation is very important, but specific methods are too diverse to be described in this guide.
1.6 Logging procedures must be adapted to meet the needs of a wide range of applications and stated in general terms so that flexibility or innovation are not suppressed.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety and liability concerns, if any, (for example, lost or lodged probes and radioactive sources ) associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation:D5753–05
Standard Guide for
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Planning and Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety and liability concerns, if any, (for example, lost or
1.1 This guide covers the documentation and general pro-
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lodged probes and radioactive sources ) associated with its
cedures necessary to plan and conduct a geophysical log
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
program as commonly applied to geologic, engineering,
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
ground-water, and environmental (hereafter referred to as
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
geotechnical) investigations. It is not intended to describe the
1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information
specific or standard procedures for running each type of
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
geophysical log and is limited to measurements in a single
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
borehole. It is anticipated that standard guides will be devel-
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
oped for specific methods subsequent to this guide.
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
1.2 Surface or shallow-depth nuclear gages for measuring
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
water content or soil density (that is, those typically thought of
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
as construction quality assurance devices), measurements
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
while drilling (MWD), cone penetrometer tests, and logging
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
for petroleum or minerals are excluded.
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
1.3 Borehole geophysical techniques yield direct and indi-
document means only that the document has been approved
rect measurements with depth of the (1) physical and chemical
through the ASTM consensus process.
properties of the rock matrix and fluid around the borehole, (2)
fluid contained in the borehole, and (3) construction of the
2. Referenced Documents
borehole.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 To obtain detailed information on operating methods,
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D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
publications (for example, 2, 5, 7, 18, 24, 29, 34, 35, and 36)
Fluids
should be consulted. A limited amount of tutorial information
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
is provided, but other publications listed herein, including a
Used at Waste Sites
glossary of terms and general texts on the subject, should be
D5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment
consulted for more complete background information.
Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites
1.5 This guide provides an overview of the following: (1)
the uses of single borehole geophysical methods, (2) general
3. Terminology
logging procedures, (3) documentation, (4) calibration, and (5)
3.1 Definitions—Definitions shall be in accordance with
factors that can affect the quality of borehole geophysical logs
Terminology D653.
and their subsequent interpretation. Log interpretation is very
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Descrip-
important, but specific methods are too diverse to be described
tions of Terms Specific to This Standard—Terms shall be in
in this guide.
accordance with Ref (1).
1.6 Logging procedures must be adapted to meet the needs
of a wide range of applications and stated in general terms so
4. Summary of Guide
that flexibility or innovation are not suppressed.
4.1 This guide applies to borehole geophysical techniques
that are commonly used in geotechnical investigations. This
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ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoilandRock
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and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and Subsurface The use of radioactive materials required for some log measurements is
Characteristics. regulatedbyfederal,state,andlocalagencies.Specificrequirementsandrestrictions
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally must be addressed prior to their use.
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approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D5753–95. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D5753-05. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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The boldface numbers in p
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