ASTM E814-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops
Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable to through-penetration fire stops of various materials and construction. Fire stops are intended for use in openings in fire-resistive walls and floors that are evaluated in accordance with Test Methods E119.
1.2 Tests conducted in conformance with this test method record fire-stop performance during the test exposure; but such tests shall not be construed to determine suitability of the fire stop for use after test exposure.
1.3 This test method also measures the resistance of fire stops to an external force stimulated by a hose stream. However, this test method shall not be construed as determining the performance of the fire stop during actual fire conditions when subjected to forces such as failure of cable support systems and falling debris.
1.4 The intent of this test method is to develop data to assist others in determining the suitability of the fire stops for use where fire resistance is required.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
An American National Standard
Designation:E814–00
Standard Test Method for
Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Fire Stops
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 814; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Characteristically fire spreads from one building compartment to another by the collapse of a
barrier, or by openings through which flames or hot gases may pass, or by transfer of sufficient heat
to ignite combustibles beyond the barrier. Test Methods E 119 describe the method to be used to
measure the fire-resistive performance of these barriers.
However, various techniques of providing for the distribution of services within a structure
sometimes require that openings be made in fire-resistive walls and floors to allow the passage of such
penetrating items as cables, conduits, pipes, trays, and ducts through to the adjacent compartment.
Fire-stop material is installed into these openings to resist the spread of fire.
The performance of through-penetration fire stops should be measured and specified according to
a common standard that describes the method of fire exposure and rating criteria.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method is applicable to through-penetration
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fire stops of various materials and construction. Fire stops are
1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
intended for use in openings in fire-resistive walls and floors
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
that are evaluated in accordance with Test Methods E 119.
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
1.2 Tests conducted in conformance with this test method
requirements of the standard.
record fire-stop performance during the test exposure; but such
tests shall not be construed to determine suitability of the fire
2. Referenced Documents
stop for use after test exposure.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 This test method also measures the resistance of fire
E 119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction
stops to an external force stimulated by a hose stream.
and Materials
However, this test method shall not be construed as determin-
ing the performance of the fire stop during actual fire condi-
3. Terminology
tions when subjected to forces such as failure of cable support
3.1 Definition:
systems and falling debris.
3.1.1 fire stop—a through-penetration fire stop is a specific
1.4 The intent of this test method is to develop data to assist
construction consisting of the materials that fill the opening
others in determining the suitability of the fire stops for use
around penetrating items such as cables, cable trays, conduits,
where fire resistance is required.
ducts, and pipes and their means of support through the wall or
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the
floor opening to prevent spread of fire.
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
3.2.1 test specimen—the fire stop being tested.
incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk
3.2.2 test assembly—the wall or floor into which the test
assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual
specimen(s) is (are) mounted or installed.
fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This method of testing through-penetration fire stops
exposes fire stops to a standard temperature-time fire, and to a
subsequent application of a hose stream.
This method is under the jurisdiction of Committee E05 on Fire Standards and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Construction Assemblies.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Originally
published as E 814 – 81. Last previous edition E 814 – 97. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E814–00
4.2 Ratings are established on the basis of the period of couples symmetrically disposed and distributed within the test
resistance to the fire exposure, prior to the first development of furnace to show the temperature near all parts of the assembly.
through openings, flaming on the unexposed surface, limiting Use a minimum of three thermocouples, with not fewer than
2 2
thermal transmission criterion, and acceptable performance five thermocouples per 100 ft (9.29 m ) of floor surface, and
under application of a hose stream. notfewerthanninethermocouplesper100ft ofwallspecimen
surface.
5. Significance and Use
6.2.2 Enclose the thermocouples in sealed protection tubes
5.1 This test method is used to determine the performance
of such materials and dimensions that the time constant of the
of a fire stop with respect to exposure to a standard time-
protected thermocouple assembly lies within the range (see
temperaturefiretestandahosestreamtest.Theperformanceof
Note 1) from 300 to 400 s. The exposed length of the
a fire stop is dependent upon the specific assembly of materials
pyrometer tube and thermocouple in the furnace chamber shall
tested including the number, type, and size of penetrations and
be not less than 12 in. (300 mm). Use of other types of
the floors or walls in which it is installed.
protection tubes or pyrometers is acceptable provided that
5.2 Two ratings are established for each fire stop. An F
temperature measurements obtained in accordance with Fig. 1
rating is based upon flame occurrence on the unexposed
are within the limit of accuracy that applies for furnace
surface,whilethe Tratingisbaseduponthetemperatureriseas
temperature measurements.
well as flame occurrence on the unexposed side of the fire stop.
NOTE 1—A typical thermocouple meeting these time-constant require-
These ratings, together with detailed performance data such as
ments may be fabricated by fusion-welding the twisted ends of No. 18 B
the location of through-openings and temperatures of penetrat-
and S gage (0.040 in.) (1.02 mm) Chromel-Alumel wires, mounting the
ing items are intended to be one factor in assessing perfor-
leads in porcelain insulators and inserting the assembly so the thermo-
mance of fire stops.
couple bead is 0.50 in. (13 mm) from the sealed end of a standard weight,
nominal ⁄2-in. iron, steel, or Inconel pipe. (Inconel is a trademark of Inco
6. Control of Fire Tests
Alloys, Inc., 3800 Riverside Dr., P.O. Box 1958, Huntington,WV25720.)
6.1 Time-Temperature Curve—The fire environment within The time constant for this and for several other thermocouple assemblies
was measured in 1976. The time constant may also be calculated from
the furnace shall be in accordance with the standard time-
knowledge of its physical and thermal properties. See Research Report
temperaturecurveshowninFig.1.Thepointsonthecurvethat
RR:E05-1001, available from ASTM Headquarters.
determine its character are:
Ambient at 0 min 6.2.3 For floors, place the junction of the thermocouples 12
1000°F (538°C) at 5 min
in. (300 mm) away from the exposed face of the assembly. In
1300°F (704°C) at 10 min
the case of walls, place the thermocouples 6.0 in. (150 mm)
1550°F (843°C) at 30 min
away from the exposed face.
1700°F (927°C) at 60 min
6.2.4 Read the temperature at intervals not exceeding 5 min
1850°F (1010°C) at 120 min
during the first 120 min. Thereafter, the intervals shall not
2000°F (1093°C) at 240 min
2300°F (1260°C) at 480 min or over
exceed 10 min.
6.2.5 The accuracy of the furnace control shall be such that
6.2 Furnace Temperatures:
the area under the temperature-time curve, obtained by aver-
6.2.1 The temperature fixed by the curve shall be the
aging the results from the pyrometer or thermoelectric device
average temperature obtained from the readings of thermo-
readings, is within 10 % of the corresponding area under the
standard temperature-time curve shown in Fig. 1 for fire tests
of 60 min or less duration; within 7.5 % for those over 60 min
and not more than 120 min; and within 5 % for tests exceeding
120 min in duration.
6.3 Unexposed Surface Temperatures:
6.3.1 Make at least one measurement at each of the follow-
ing locations on the unexposed surface of the test sample and
floor or wall assembly as shown in Fig. 2.
6.3.2 Additional temperature measurements are made at the
discretion of the testing agency to obtain representative infor-
mation on the performance of the fire stops.
6.3.3 Measure temperatures on the surface of the fire stop
and assembly with thermocouples placed under flexible pads
specifiedinAnnexA2.Thepadsshallbeheldfirmlyagainstthe
surface and shall fit closely about the thermocouples. The
thermocouple junction shall be located under the center of the
pads. The thermocouple leads under the pads shall be not
heavier than No. 18 B and S gage (0.040 in.) (1.02 mm) and
NOTE—For a closer definition of the temperature-time curve, seeAnnex
shall be electrically insulated with heat-resistant moisture-
A1.
FIG. 1 Temperature-Time Curve resistant coverings.
E814–00
Legend:
A—At a point on the surface of the fire stop 1 in. (25 mm) from one through-penetrating item for each type of penetrating item employed in the field of the fire stop. If
the grouping of penetrating items through the test sample prohibits placement of the thermocouple pad, the thermocouple shall not be required.
B—At a point on the fire stop surface at the periphery of the fire stop.
C—At a minimum of three points on the fire stop surface approximately equidistant from a penetrating item or group of penetrating items in the field of the fire stop and
the periphery.
D—At one point on any frame that is installed about the perimeter of the opening.
E—At one point on the unexposed surface of the wall or floor that is a minimum of 12 in. (305 mm) from any opening.
F—At one point on each type of through-penetrating item. If the through-penetrating item is insulated or coated on the unexposed side, the thermocouple shall be located
on the exterior surface of the insulation or coating. If the coating or insulation does not extend the full length of the penetrating item on the unexposed side, an additional
thermocouple shall be installed on the penetrating item 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) beyond the termination of the insulation or coating.
FIG. 2 Temperature Measurement Locations
6.3.4 Measure temperatures of each type and size of pen- 6.4.3 Measure the pressure by means of a manometer or
etrating item with at least one thermocouple located 1.0 in. equivalent transducer. The manometer or transducer shall be
(25.4mm)fromtheunexposedsurfaceofthefire-stopmaterial. capable of reading 0.01-in. H O (2.5-Pa) increments with a
The thermocouple bead shall be held firmly against the measurement precision of 0.005 in. H O (1.25 Pa).
penetrating item. The thermocouple leads shall not be heavier 6.4.4 The furnace shall be controlled such that the differen-
than No. 22 B and S gage (0.025 in.) (0.635 mm) and shall be tial pressure between the exposed and the unexposed surfaces
electrically insulated with heat-resistant and moisture-resistant of the test assembly complies with either 6.4.4.1 or 6.4.4.2.
coverings. The pads as described above shall be held firmly 6.4.4.1 Standard Pressure Condition—Except for the first
against the penetrating item and shall fit closely about the 10min.ofthetest,thefurnacepressureshallbeatleast0.01in.
thermocouples. wg (2.5 Pa) greater than the pressure on the unexposed side of
6.3.5 Temperature readings shall be taken at intervals not
the test assembly at the following locations:
exceeding 15 min until a reading exceeding 212°F (100°C) has (1) Walls—At the lowest elevation of the test specimen
been obtained at any one point. Thereafter, at the discretion of
(see Note 2).
the testing body, the readings shall be taken more frequently, (2) Floors—At the location of the pressure-measuring
but the intervals need not be less than 5 min.
probes.
6.4 Differential Pressure:
NOTE 2—Asupplementarypressureprobe,inadditiontothetwoprobes
6.4.1 The pressure differential between the exposed and
specified in 6.4.1.1, may be used to determine compliance with this
unexposed surfaces of the test assembly, as defined in 3.2.2,
requirement.
shall be measured at two points 0.78 in. (20 mm) from the
6.4.4.2 Unique Pressure Condition—The differential pres-
exposed surface of the test assembly as follows:
sure shall be specified by the test sponsor. The furnace shall be
6.4.1.1 Walls—At two points along the vertical center line.
controlled such that the specified differential pressure is main-
The two points shall be separated by a vertical distance that is
tained throughout the duration of the test, excluding the first 10
equal to or greater than one-half of the height of the test
min., within 20 % of the specified pressure.
assembly.
6.4.1.2 Floors—At approximately the quarter points along
7. Test Specimen
the longitudinal center line.
6.4.2 The pressure-measuring probes shall be a Tee-shaped 7.1 Construction and Size:
probe or a tube probe and shall be manufactured from stainless 7.1.1 The construction of the test fire stops shall be of
steel or other suitable material. sufficient size and include all conduits, pipes, cables (jacket
E814–00
types, sizes, conductor types, percent fills), required supports, that is capable of leading to abnormal results. The ambient air
or other through-penetrating items so as to produce a repre- temperature at the beginning of the test shall be within the
sentative fire stop for which evaluation is being sought. Install range from 50 to 90°F (10 to 32°C). The velocity of air across
and test fire stops in each construction type for which ratings the unexposed surface measured just before the test begins
are being sought. shall not exceed 4.4 ft/s (1.3 m/s) as determined by an
7.1.2 Install through-penetrating items so that they extend anemometer placed at right angles to the unexposed surface. If
12 in. (300 mm) on the exposed side and 36 in. (900 mm) on mechanical ventilation is employed during the test, do not
the unexposed side unless either or both of these extensions are direct an air stream across the surface of the specimen.
not typical of actual field installations. In such cases, the
9. Conduct of Tests
installation shall be representative of actual field installations.
Support the extended portion of through-penetrating items on
9.1 Tim
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