ASTM D2022-89(2016)

Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Chlorine-Containing Bleaches

ABSTRACT
These test methods detail the standard procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of chlorine-containing bleaches including sodium hypochlorite (soda bleach) solutions, calcium hypochlorite, and chloroisocyanuric acids and their derived salts. Tests for sodium hypochlorite include the determination of available chlorine, sodium chlorate, total chorine, sodium chloride, total alkalinity as sodium oxide, and free alkali as sodium hydroxide. Tests for calcium hypochlorite include the determination of available chlorine, and water. And finally, tests for chloroisocyanuric acids and their derived salts include the determination of available chlorine by iodometric-thiosulfate and arsenite-iodometric methods, and moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of chlorine-containing bleaches. The methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Sodium Hypochlorite (Soda Bleach) Solutions:  
Sampling  
5  
Available Chlorine  
6 – 9  
Sodium Chlorate  
10 – 14  
Total Chlorine  
15 – 18  
Sodium Chloride  
19 and 20  
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)  
21 – 24  
Free Alkali as Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)  
25 – 28  
Calcium Hypochlorite:  
Sampling  
30  
Available Chlorine  
31 – 34  
Water  
35 – 40  
Chloroisocyanuric Acids and Their Derived Salts:  
Sampling  
42  
Available Chlorine (Iodometric—Thiosulfate Method)  
43 – 46  
Available Chlorine (Arsenite—Iodometric Method)  
47 – 50  
Moisture  
51 – 54  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2016
• ICS: 71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
• Technical Committee: D12 - Soaps and Other Detergents
• Drafting Committee: D12.12 - Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Components

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM E1229-21 - Standard Specification for Calcium Hypochlorite
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D4610-98(2021) - Standard Guide for Determining the Presence of and Removing Microbial (Fungal or Algal) Growth on Paint and Related Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2022 − 89 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Methods of
Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Chlorine-Containing
1
Bleaches
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2022; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
analysis of chlorine-containing bleaches. The methods appear
in the following order:
3. Terminology
Sections
3.1 Definitions:
Sodium Hypochlorite (Soda Bleach) Solutions:
Sampling 5
3.1.1 availablechlorine—themeasureoftheoxidizingpow-
Available Chlorine 6–9
der of the chlorine present as hypochlorite. It is expressed in
Sodium Chlorate 10–14
terms of chlorine with a gram-equivalent weight of 35.46.
Total Chlorine 15–18
Sodium Chloride 19 and 20
4. Reagents
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na O) 21–24
2
Free Alkali as Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 25–28
4.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Calcium Hypochlorite:
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
Sampling 30
Available Chlorine 31–34
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Water 35–40
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
Chloroisocyanuric Acids and Their Derived Salts:
3
Sampling 42 where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
Available Chlorine (Iodometric—Thiosulfate Method) 43–46
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
Available Chlorine (Arsenite—Iodometric Method) 47–50
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
Moisture 51–54
accuracy of the determination.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
understood to mean reagent water conforming to Specification
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1193.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety
Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review
them for hazards prior to usage.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on the ASTM website.
3
Soaps and Other Detergents and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American
D12.12 on Analysis and Specifications of Soaps, Synthetics, Detergents and their Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Components. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2022 – 89(2008). and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
DOI: 10.1520/D2022-89R16. MD.
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (SODA BLEACH) SOLUTIONS
5. Sampling
5.1 The stability of soda bleach is influenced to a consider- of metal contamination from equipment. Owing to the rela-
able degree by the purity of the alkali used in its preparation, tively unstable nature of bleach solutions, special attention
by the excess of alkali remaining, and by the kind and amount shall be given to the collection and preservation of the sample.
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D2022 − 89 (2016)
Exposure to heat and sunlight promotes decomposition, and 8. Procedure
shall be avoided. Samples shall be kept cool in a dark place (or
8.1 Dissolve 2 to3gofKI crystals in 50 mL of water in a
in dark-colored bottles) until analyzed, which shall be done
250-mLErlenmeyer flask.Add 10 mLof acetic acid, then pipet
without unnecessary delay.
the aliquot of sample into the solution, keeping the tip of the
5.2 Strong solutions of bleach shall be accurately diluted pipetbeneat
...