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ASTM D6477-23

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics

Standard Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.  
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2023
ICS
83.160.01 - Tyres in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D7269/D7269M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6477 − 23
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2969 Test Methods for Steel Tire Cords (Withdrawn
3
2023)
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions
D2970/D2970M Test Methods for Testing Tire Cords, Tire
developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fab-
Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Yarns Made From Glass
rics.
3
Filaments (Withdrawn 2023)
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire
D4776/D4776M Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords
cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside
and Other Reinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by
the tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations
H-Test Procedure
or in dictionaries of general usage.
D4974/D4974M Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrink-
age of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this termi-
nology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee’s D4975 Test Methods for Single-Filament Tire Bead Wire
3
Made from Steel (Withdrawn 2023)
terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing
redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the D5591 Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn
and Cord With a Thermal Shrinkage Force Tester
same concept are defined in different words.
D6320/D6320M Test Methods for Single Filament Hose
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3
Reinforcing Wire Made from Steel (Withdrawn 2023)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D6611 Test Method for Wet and Dry Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Resistance
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
D7269/D7269M Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid
2. Referenced Documents Yarns
2 D7812 Test Method for Tensile Testing of Aramid Paper
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D8054/D8054M Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Para-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
Aramid Flat Yarns
D885/D885M Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord
Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manu-
3
3. Terminology
factured Organic-Base Fibers (Withdrawn 2023)
D1871 Test Method for Adhesion Between Tire Bead Wire
abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a material by
3
and Rubber (Withdrawn 2023)
rubbing against another surface. D6611
D2229 Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords
3
and Rubber (Withdrawn 2023) adhesion, n—in tire fabrics, the force required to separate a
D2692/D2692M Test Method for Air Permeability of Tire textile material from rubber or other elastomer by a definite
Fabrics, Tire Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord, and Yarns prescribed method. D1871, D2229, D4776/D4776M
adhesion, n—the property denoting the ability of a material to
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
resist delamination or separation into two or more layers.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
D6477
Metallic Reinforcements.
Current edition approved June 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally
adhesive treated tire cord, n—a tire cord whose adhesion to
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D6477–22. DOI:
10.1520/D6477-23.
rubber or other elastomer has been improved by the appli-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cation of a dip followed by rapid drying and (normally)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
additional heat treatment. D5591
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
air wicking, n— in tires, the passage of air longitudinally along
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. or through yarns in a fabric that has been encased and cured
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6477 − 23
fabric is usually made wickproof to prevent air le
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6477 − 22 D6477 − 23
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6477; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology is the compilation of all definitions developed by Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cords and Fabrics.
1.2 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to the tire cord fabric industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the
tire cord fabric industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, this terminology is also a tool for managing the Subcommittee’s terminology.
This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are
defined in different words.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D885/D885M Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
3
Organic-Base Fibers (Withdrawn 2023)
3
D1871 Test Method for Adhesion Between Tire Bead Wire and Rubber (Withdrawn 2023)
3
D2229 Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords and Rubber (Withdrawn 2023)
D2692/D2692M Test Method for Air Permeability of Tire Fabrics, Tire Cord Fabrics, Tire Cord, and Yarns
3
D2969 Test Methods for Steel Tire Cords (Withdrawn 2023)
D2970/D2970M Test Methods for Testing Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Yarns Made From Glass Filaments
3
(Withdrawn 2023)
D4776/D4776M Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords and Other Reinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by H-Test
Procedure
D4974/D4974M Test Method for Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
3
D4975 Test Methods for Single-Filament Tire Bead Wire Made from Steel (Withdrawn 2023)
D5591 Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage Force of Yarn and Cord With a Thermal Shrinkage Force Tester
3
D6320/D6320M Test Methods for Single Filament Hose Reinforcing Wire Made from Steel (Withdrawn 2023)
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and Metallic
Reinforcements.
Current edition approved June 1, 2022June 1, 2023. Published July 2022September 2023. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20132022 as
ɛ1
D6477–13–22. which was withdrawn January 2022 and reinstated in June 2022. DOI: 10.1520/D6477-22.DOI: 10.1520/D6477-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6477 − 23
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
D6611 Test Method for Wet and Dry Yarn-on-Yarn Abrasion Resistance
D7269/D7269M Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid Yarns
D7812 Test Method for Tensile Testing of Aramid Paper
D8054/D8054M Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Para-Aramid Flat Yarns
3. Terminology
abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a material by rubbing against another surface. D6611
adhesion, n—in tire fabrics, the force required to separate a textile material from rubber or other elastomer by a definite
prescribed method. D1871, D2229, D4776/D4776M
adhesion, n—the property denoting the ability of a material to resist delamination or separation into two or more layers. D6477
adhesive treated tire cord, n—a tire cord whose adhesion to rubber or other elastomer has been improved by the application
of a dip followed by rapid d
...

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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods2 cover procedures and definitions for the mechanical testing of steels, stainless steels, and related alloys. The various mechanical tests herein described are used to determine properties required in the product specifications. Variations in testing methods are to be avoided, and standard methods of testing are to be followed to obtain reproducible and comparable results. In those cases in which the testing requirements for certain products are unique or at variance with these general procedures, the product specification testing requirements shall control.  
1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:    
Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
19  
Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
32  
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:    
Annex  
Bar Products  
Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens  
Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be report...

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ASTM
ASTM F3565-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Electrofusion Joining Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Pressure Pipe Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints suitable for pressure service with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of electrofusion joining techniques in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable electrofusion joining procedures are available from various sources including fitting manufacturers. This standard does not purport to address all possible electrofusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proven to produce reliable electrofusion joints. (Note 1)
Note 1: Reference to the manufacturer in this practice refers to the electrofusion fitting manufacturer.  
1.2 The parameters and procedure are applicable only to joining polyethylene pipe and fittings (Note 2) which are intended for PE fuel gas pipe per Specification D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipe manufactured per Specification F714, Specification D3035, Specification F2619, and AWWA C901 and C906.
Note 2: Commercially available materials classified with a thermoplastic pipe material designation code beginning with PE 14, PE 23, PE 24, PE 27, PE 33, PE 34, PE 36, and PE 46, and PE 47 in accordance with Specification D3350 and Terminology F412 are generally acceptable for electrofusion joining using this practice. Consult with the pipe or fitting manufacturer for specific compatibility information.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendices which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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