ASTM E1509-22

Standard Specification for Room Heaters, Pellet Fuel-Burning Type

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and marking requirements for automatic feed, pellet fuel-burning room heaters that are intended to burn wood pellets or other suitable solid fuel. Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this specification are acceptable for use in manufactured homes when installed in accordance with the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards published by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The heaters shall be subject to glazing water shock test, glazing impact test, rain test, solubility test, and drop test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and marking requirements for automatic feed, pellet fuel-burning room heaters that are intended to burn wood pellets or other suitable solid fuel. These room heaters shall be drafted by forced or natural means.  
1.2 Exhaust venting systems and associated externally mounted draft inducers are not evaluated by this specification unless they are part of an engineered system provided as part of the room heater. Parts specifically evaluated and determined to be acceptable for use with pellet fuel-burning room heaters are required to be specified in the room heater manufacturer’s instructions and are to be used in evaluating the room heater.  
1.3 Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this specification are intended for installation in accordance with the applicable requirements of NFPA 211 and in accordance with the applicable building and mechanical codes.  
1.4 Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this specification are acceptable for use in manufactured homes when installed in accordance with the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards published by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). See 24 CFR Part 3280.  
1.5 The terms “product” or “room heater,” as used in this specification, refer to all pellet fuel-burning room heaters or any part thereof covered by the requirements of this specification, unless specifically noted otherwise.  
1.6 No information provided in this specification is intended to prevent the use of other methods or devices, provided that sufficient technical data are submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate that the proposed method or device is equivalent in quality, strength, fire endurance, effectiveness, durability, and safety to that prescribed in this specification.  
1.7 The notes incorporated into this specification are not prescriptive requirements. They are given for clarification and informational purposes only.  
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.9 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2022
• ICS: 97.100.30 - Solid fuel heaters
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.54 - Solid Fuel Burning Appliances

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E136-24a - Standard Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM E136-24 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM E871-82(2019) - Standard Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM E136-19 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM E136-16a - Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2016
• Refers: ASTM E136-16 - Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Refers: ASTM E631-15 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2015
• Refers: ASTM E631-14 - Standard Terminology of Building Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2014
• Refers: ASTM E871-82(2013) - Standard Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2013
• Refers: ASTM C1057-12 - Standard Practice for Determination of Skin Contact Temperature from Heated Surfaces Using a Mathematical Model and Thermesthesiometer
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2012
• Refers: ASTM E136-12 - Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2012
• Refers: ASTM E136-11 - Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2011
• Refers: ASTM C1057-03(2010) - Standard Practice for Determination of Skin Contact Temperature from Heated Surfaces Using A Mathematical Model and Thermesthesiometer
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Refers: ASTM E136-09b - Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2009
• Refers: ASTM E136-09a - Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2009

Overview

ASTM E1509-22 sets forth requirements for room heaters that burn pellet fuel, typically wood pellets or other suitable solid fuels. Issued by ASTM International, this standard outlines the performance, construction, and marking specifications necessary for automatic-feed pellet heaters used in residential settings-including manufactured homes. The specification ensures pellet fuel-burning room heaters meet standards for safety, reliability, and installation in alignment with national codes, such as those from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).

This standard is critical for manufacturers, installers, and authorities having jurisdiction to ensure compliance with testing, construction, and labeling requirements. It covers not only testing and performance but also the use of specified venting systems and installation components. Rooms heaters meeting ASTM E1509-22 can be confidently used in manufactured homes when installed per prevailing regulations.

Key Topics

• Product Scope: Covers room heaters with automatic feed systems for pellet fuel, burning wood pellets or similar solid fuels.
• Performance Testing: Heaters must pass a range of rigorous tests, such as:
  • Glazing water shock test
  • Glazing impact test
  • Rain test
  • Solubility test
  • Drop test
• Construction Requirements: Specifies noncombustible, corrosion-resistant materials, construction integrity, proper assembly, and safety features such as burn pot (grate), hoppers, and blower assemblies.
• Venting and Drafting: Defines requirements for exhaust venting systems, including interface with chimney or Type L vent, ensuring gases are safely vented outside.
• Electrical and Mechanical Safety: Conformance with standards for wiring, component temperature, electronic controls, and feed mechanisms.
• Marking Requirements: Outlines clear labeling for identification, safe installation, and maintenance instructions.
• Manufactured Home Use: Sets specific requirements making pellet heaters suitable for manufactured housing, as defined by HUD standards.

Applications

ASTM E1509-22 plays a crucial role wherever pellet fuel-burning room heaters are manufactured, installed, or regulated, including:

• Residential Heating: Ensures safe operation and installation of pellet room heaters in family homes, cabins, apartments, and especially in manufactured home units.
• Building Compliance: Used by regulatory bodies during plan review and inspection to confirm pellet room heaters meet safety and performance criteria.
• Product Development: Manufacturers rely on this standard during design, material selection, safety feature integration, and product testing to bring compliant heaters to market.
• Installer Guidance: Installation professionals reference this standard to select appropriate venting, ensure safe electrical connections, and follow best practices for safe, code-compliant setup.
• Consumer Safety: Helps protect users from hazards related to improper installation or faulty construction, including the risk of fire, gas leakage, or electrical failure.

Related Standards

Compliance with ASTM E1509-22 often requires alignment with several other important standards and codes, such as:

• NFPA 211: Standard for chimneys, fireplaces, vents, and solid-fuel-burning appliances.
• HUD Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (24 CFR Part 3280): Regulates home safety in manufactured housing.
• UL 1482: Standard for room heaters, solid-fuel type.
• UL 641 / ULC S609: For Type L venting systems, ensuring safe exhaust of gases.
• UL 103 / ULC S629: Factory-built chimney requirements.
• NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code): Governs all enclosed electrical wiring and component requirements.
• ICES-003: Canadian standard for digital apparatus for electromagnetic compatibility.
• PFI Standards: Pellet Fuel Institute’s specifications for residential and commercial densified fuel.
• UL 181: Standards for factory-made air ducts and connectors.

By adhering to ASTM E1509-22, manufacturers and installers provide increased safety, regulation compliance, and overall reliability for pellet fuel-burning room heaters used in residential environments. This standard is essential for promoting best practices in heating appliance safety and performance.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E1509 −22
Standard Specification for
Room Heaters, Pellet Fuel-Burning Type
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversperformancerequirements,test
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
methods, and marking requirements for automatic feed, pellet
and are not considered standard.
fuel-burning room heaters that are intended to burn wood
1.9 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
pellets or other suitable solid fuel.These room heaters shall be
test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This
drafted by forced or natural means.
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
1.2 Exhaust venting systems and associated externally
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
mounted draft inducers are not evaluated by this specification
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
unless they are part of an engineered system provided as part
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
oftheroomheater.Partsspecificallyevaluatedanddetermined
regulatory limitations prior to use.
to be acceptable for use with pellet fuel-burning room heaters
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
are required to be specified in the room heater manufacturer’s
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
instructions and are to be used in evaluating the room heater.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.3 Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this speci-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
fication are intended for installation in accordance with the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
applicable requirements of NFPA 211 and in accordance with
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the applicable building and mechanical codes.
2. Referenced Documents
1.4 Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this speci-
fication are acceptable for use in manufactured homes when
2.1 ASTM Standards:
installedinaccordancewiththeManufacturedHomeConstruc-
C1057Practice for Determination of Skin ContactTempera-
tion and Safety Standards published by the Department of
ture from Heated Surfaces Using a Mathematical Model
Housing and Urban Development (HUD). See 24 CFR Part
and Thermesthesiometer
3280.
D3211Test Method for Relative Density of Black Smoke
(Ringelmann Method) (Withdrawn 1990)
1.5 The terms “product” or “room heater,” as used in this
E136TestMethodforAssessingCombustibilityofMaterials
specification, refer to all pellet fuel-burning room heaters or
Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
any part thereof covered by the requirements of this
E631Terminology of Building Constructions
specification, unless specifically noted otherwise.
E711Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-
1.6 Noinformationprovidedinthisspecificationisintended
Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter (Withdrawn
to prevent the use of other methods or devices, provided that
2011)
sufficient technical data are submitted to the authority having
E871Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate
jurisdiction to demonstrate that the proposed method or device
Wood Fuels
is equivalent in quality, strength, fire endurance, effectiveness,
2.2 ANSI Standard:
durability, and safety to that prescribed in this specification.
ANSI B94.11Twist Drills
1.7 The notes incorporated into this specification are not
prescriptive requirements. They are given for clarification and
informational purposes only.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 the ASTM website.
on Solid Fuel Burning Appliances. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published June 2022. Originally www.astm.org.
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E1509–12 (2017). Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/E1509-22. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1509−22
2.3 ASME Standard: 3.2.4 connector pipe—a flue pipe that is part of the exhaust
ASME B36.10MWelded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe venting system that ducts combustion products from the room
heater to a chimney.
2.4 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations—Housing and Urban
Development:
3.2.5 exhaust venting system—a flue pipe, either horizontal,
24 CFR Part 3280Manufactured Home Construction and
vertical, or a combination of horizontal and vertical, that ducts
Safety Standards
combustion products from the room heater to the outside.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—An exhaust venting system consists of
2.5 Federal Communications Commission:
alistedventsystem,orconnectorpipeandalistedfactory-built
47 CFR Part 15, Subpart BFCC Regulations
chimney, or a masonry chimney, or an engineered vent system
2.6 NFPA Standards:
provided as part of the pellet fuel-burning room heater.
NFPA 70National Electrical Code
NFPA 211Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents and Solid-Fuel 3.2.6 floor protector (stove mat)—the noncombustible ma-
Burning Appliances terial applied to the combustible floor area located beneath the
product and extending beyond the front and sides and to the
2.7 UL Standards:
rear of the product. The area is to be of the dimensions
UL 103Chimneys, Factory-Built, Residential Type and
specified in the installation instructions.
Building Heating Appliance
UL 181Factory Made Air Ducts and Connectors
3.2.7 grate—a frame for supporting the fuel within a room
UL 641Low-Temperature Venting Systems, Type L
heater.
UL 907Fireplace Accessories
3.2.7.1 Discussion—The grate in a pellet fuel-burning room
UL 969Marking and Labeling Systems
heater is also referred to as a burn pot or fire pot.
UL 1482Room Heaters, Solid Fuel Type
3.2.8 hearth—the floor area within the fire chamber of a
2.8 ULC Standards:
room heater.
ULC S609Low Temperature Vents, Type L
3.2.9 hopper—an on-unit fuel reservoir that is gravity feed-
ULC S629M650°C Factory-Built Chimneys
ing through a bottom outlet to a controllable pellet fuel feed
2.9 ICES Standard:
assembly.
ICES-003Digital Apparatus
3.2.10 listed—equipment or materials included in a list,
2.10 PFI Standard:
publishedbyanorganizationacceptabletotheauthorityhaving
PFIStandardSpecificationforResidential/CommercialDen-
jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that main-
sified Fuel, June 1, 2011
tains periodic inspection of the production of listed equipment
or materials and whose listing states either that the equipment
3. Terminology
or material meets the appropriate standards or has been tested
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this test method are defined
and found to be suitable for use in a specified manner.
in Terminology E631.
3.2.11 noncombustible material—a material that, in the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated,
3.2.1 chimney—oneormorepassageways,verticalornearly
willnotignite,burn,supportcombustion,orreleaseflammable
so,forconveyingfluegasestotheoutsideatmospheretowhich
vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials reported as
the appliance exhaust is capable of being connected.
passing the test, when tested in accordance with Test Method
3.2.2 combustible material—material made of or surfaced
E136, shall be considered noncombustible materials.
with wood, compressed paper, plant fibers, plastics, or other
3.2.12 pellet fuel—a solid processed biomass fuel of speci-
materialthatwilligniteandburn,whetherflameproofedornot,
fied size and composition capable of being fed to the room
or whether plastered or unplastered.
heater combustion system at a controlled rate.
3.2.3 combustion air control—a valve or plate or motor
3.2.13 room heater, pellet fuel type—a closed combustion,
speed control, operated manually or automatically, that regu-
exhaust venting system connected, pellet fuel-burning room
lates the draft or flow of flue gases or inlet combustion air.
heater incorporating a fuel feed control mechanism.
4. Materials
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
4.1 The materials used shall be free of defects that will
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
affect the performance and maintainability of individual com-
www.asme.org.
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., ponents of the overall assembly.
Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
4.2 A room heater and an exhaust venting system, if
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. provided, shall be made of noncombustible corrosion-resistant
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,
materials. Metals shall not be used in combinations that have
Northbrook, IL 60062, http://www.ul.com.
thepotentialtocausegalvanicactionatanylocationwithinthe
Available from Underwriters Laboratories of Canada, 7 Underwriters Road,
assembly.
Toronto, ON Canada M1R 3B4, http://www.ul.com/canada.
Available from Industry Canada, C.D. Howe Building, 235 Queen Street,
4.3 The minimum metal thickness of room heater nondeco-
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H5, Canada, http://www.ic.gc.ca/.
rative parts, including any coatings, shall comply with the
Available from Pellet Fuels Institute (PFI), 2150 N 107th St., Suite 205,
Seattle, WA 98133, http://pelletheat.org. requirements given in Table 1.
E1509−22
TABLE 1 Minimum Metal Thickness
5.1.1 A room heater and related parts shall be constructed
in. mm and assembled so as to have the strength, rigidity, and
Aluminum-coated steel Type T1-40 (Regular, 0.018 0.46
durability to withstand damage during tests in accordance with
2 2
0.40 oz/ft (0.12 kg/m )
the following requirements and during handling and installa-
Aluminum alloys 0.016 0.41
tion.
Cast iron 0.125 3.17
Galvanized steel G60 coating class 0.018 0.45
5.1.2 Ajoint in a metal surface of a fire chamber or flue gas
Porcelain-enameled steel 0.032 0.81
passageway in a room heater shall be secured mechanically by
Stainless steel 0.012 0.30
Steel, uncoated or painted 0.042 1.07
being welded, lock-seamed, riveted, or bolted.Ajoint shall be
fastened together securely such that it does not rely solely on
a cement compound for tightness.
4.4 Aluminum alloys containing more than 1% magnesium
5.1.3 Each part or assembly shall be constructed for attach-
shall not be used if the reflectivity of the material is employed
ment of one to the other without requiring alteration, cutting,
to reduce fire risk.
threading, drilling, welding, or similar tasks by the installer.
4.5 The fire chamber and other parts of the room heater that
5.1.3.1 Exception—If an assembly or component part is
are in contact with flue gases and are visible after installation
intended to be cut to length or to be fitted by the installer,
shall be of material having the durability and resistance to fire
means shall be provided for joining any altered part to a
and heat equivalent to fireclay tile, Series 300 or 400 stainless
companionpartorassembly.Allfastenersrequiredtocomplete
steel, aluminum-coated steel, cast iron, or 0.042in. (1.07mm)
the assembly shall be provided with the product by the
thick unprotected or painted steel.
manufacturer. Drilling is acceptable if the drilling operation
NOTE 1—Cast iron and unprotected and painted sheet steel complying
does not weaken the assembly or drill into the fire chamber,
with the requirements of Footnotes K and L of Table 2 comply with the
andthesizeoftherequireddrillbitisspecifiedandinstructions
requirements of 4.5.
describe the locations to be drilled clearly, such as by the use
4.6 If required, chimney connectors shall be of materials
of templates, drawings, descriptions, or the like.
andthicknessescomplyingwiththerequirementsofNFPA211
5.1.4 Insulating materials shall be an integral part of the
and applicable building and mechanical codes.
assembly if required to protect combustible parts of the
4.7 Thermal insulation material shall be of metal or mineral
building when the room heater is installed in accordance with
base. Asbestos materials shall not be used.
the manufacturer’s instructions.
4.8 Thermal insulation shall comply with the following 5.1.4.1 Exception—If fire chamber materials are packaged
conditions when the room heater is tested in accordance with
and shipped with the heater, the installation instructions shall
the following requirements:
provide for a description of the method of placement of this
4.8.1 The products resulting from the combustion or vola-
material, and the heater shall be marked with an adhesive-
tilization of any combustible binder shall be discharged to the
backed warning marking indicating that the material is to be
exhaust venting system.
installed before firing.
4.8.2 Insulating material shall remain in the intended posi-
5.1.5 Two or more parts or subassemblies that are required
tion.
orintendedtobearadefiniterelationshiptoeachothershallbe
4.8.3 The insulation shall not show evidence of softening,
arranged and constructed so as to permit them to be incorpo-
melting, or deterioration in a manner that will inhibit its
ratedintothecompleteassemblywithoutneedforalterationor
function or create a hazard.
alignment and only in the correct relationship with each other,
4.9 Thermal insulation, other than firebox refractory
or they shall be assembled and shipped from the factory as a
materials, shall be protected from contact with combustion
single component.
products.
5.1.6 Parts of a room heater, such as support legs, radiation
4.10 Thermal insulation that is not self-supporting shall be shields,andthelike,thatarenecessarytolimittemperatureson
adjacent construction shall be factory-attached, or they shall
applied to solid surfaces so that the insulation does not sag in
any way that will interfere with the function of the insulation. comply with all of the following requirements:
Anadhesiveorcementusedtoattachsuchmaterialshallretain
5.1.6.1 The parts shall be shipped with the room heater, or
its adhesive qualities at any temperature the adhesive attains
they shall be marked with the name or trademark of the
when tested in accordance with these requirements and at 0°F
manufacturer or private labeler, with a catalog number or
(−17.8°C).
equivalent designation, and with the type of equipment with
whichtheyareintendedtobeused.Theassociatedheatershall
4.11 A water-absorbing insulating material shall be pro-
be marked to indicate the catalog number, or equivalent
tected from wetting by condensation or rain when installed as
designationofsuchapart,andthenameofthemanufactureror
intended.
private labeler of that part.
4.12 Friable materials shall not be used in air handling
5.1.6.2 Assemblyofthepartsshallcomplywiththerequire-
compartments unless contained suitably.
ments given in 5.1.3.
5. Construction Requirements
5.1.6.3 The installation instructions shall define and illus-
5.1 General: trate the intended assembly of the parts.
E1509−22
TABLE 2 Maximum Temperature Increases
Column 1 Column 2
Materials and Components
°C °F °C °F
A, B, C
(A) Motor
(1) Class A insulation systems on coil windings of alternating-
current motors 7 in. (178 mm) or less in diameter (not includ-
ing universal motors):
(a) In open motors: 75 135 115 207
Thermocouple or resistance method
(b) In totally enclosed motors: 80 144 115 207
Thermocouple or resistance method
(2) Class A insulation systems on coil windings of alternating-
current motors more than 7 in. (178 mm) in diameter and of
direct-current and universal motors:
(a) In open motors: 65 117 115 207
Thermocouple method 75 135 115 207
Resistance method
(b) In totally enclosed motors: 70 126 115 207
Thermocouple method 80 144 115 207
Resistance method
(3) Class B insulation systems on coil windings of alternating-
current motors 7 in. (178 mm) or less in diameter (not includ-
ing universal motors):
(a) In open motors: 95 171 140 252
Thermocouple or resistance method
(b) In totally enclosed motors: 100 180 140 252
Thermocouple or resistance method
(4) Class B insulation systems on coil windings of alternating-
current motors more than 7 in. (178 mm) in diameter and of
direct-current and universal motors:
(a) In open motors: 85 153 140 252
Thermocouple method 95 171 140 252
Resistance method
(b) In totally enclosed motors: 90 162 140 252
Thermocouple method 100 180 140 252
Resistance method
C
(B) Components
(1) Capacitors:
(a) Electrolyte types 40 72 (not specified)
D
(b) Other types 65 117
(2) Relay, solenoid, and other coils with:
(a) ass 105 insulation systems: 65 117 115 207
Thermocouple method 85 153 115 207
Resistance method
(b) Class 130 insulation systems: 85 153 140 252
Thermocouple method 105 189 140 252
Resistance method
B
(3) Transformer enclosure:
(a) Class 2 transformers 60 108 85 153
(b) Power and ignition transformers 65 117 90 162
C, E, F
(C) Insulated Conductors
(1) Appliance wiring material:
75 °C rating 50 90 65 117
80 °C rating 55 99 70 126
90 °C rating 65 117 80 144
105 °C rating 80 144 95 171
200 °C rating 175 315 200 360
250 °C rating 225 405 250 450
(2) Flexible cord—Types SO, ST, SJO, SJT, HSJ, and HSJO:
60 °C rating 35 63 60 108
75 °C rating 50 90 65 117
90 °C rating 65 117 80 144
105 °C rating 80 144 95 171
E
(3) Other types of insulated wires: see footnote
C, F
(D) Electrical Insulation—General
(1) Class C electrical insulation material not specified
(2 Class (180) electrical insulation material as determined by test
(3) Fiber used as electrical insulation or cord bushings 65 117 90 162
(4) Phenolic composition used as electrical insulation or as parts 125 225 150 270
where malfunction will result in a risk of fire or electric shock
(5) Thermoplastic material 25 °C or 77 °F less than its temperature rating
(6) Varnished cloth insulation 60 108 85 153
G
(E) Metals
(1) Aluminum alloys:
(a) 1100 (2S) 183 330 239 430
(b) 3003 (3S) 239 430 294 530
H
(c) 2014, 2017, 2024, and 5052 294 530 350 630
E1509−22
TABLE2 Continued
Column 1 Column 2
Materials and Components
°C °F °C °F
I
(2) Aluminum-coated steel, heat-resistant type 572 1030 708 1275
(3) Carbon steel—coated with Type A19 ceramic 572 1030 628 1130
J
(4) Galvanized steel 267 480 350 630
K, L
(5) Low-carbon steel, cast iron 461 830 517 930
(6) Stainless steel:
(a) Types 302, 303, 304, 321, and 347 686 1235 767 1380
(b) Type 316 667 1200 748 1345
(c) Type 309S 867 1560 950 1705
(d) Types 310, 310B 894 1610 975 1755
(e) Type 430 728 1310 808 1455
(f) Type 446 961 1730 1042 1875
(F) General
M, N
(1) Operating knobs, handles, and levers:
(a) Metallic 50 122 not specified
(b) Glass 78 172
O
(c) Plastic 85 185
(d) Wood 150 302
P
(e) Other Materials
(2) Internal hopper surface 82 180 150 302
A
The motor diameter is to be measured in the plane of the laminations of the circle circumscribing the stator frame, excluding lugs, boxes, and the like, used solely for
motor cooling, mounting, assembly, or connection.
B
Ordinarily, coil or winding temperatures are to be measured by thermocouples unless the coil is inaccessible for mounting of these devices (for example, a coil immersed
in sealing compound) or unless the coil wrap includes thermal insulation or more than two layers, ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) maximum, of cotton, paper, rayon, or the like. For a
thermocouple-measured temperature of a coil of an alternating-current motor, having a diameter of 7 in. (178 mm) or less, the thermocouple is to be mounted on the
integrally applied insulation on the conductor. At a point on the surface of a coil where the temperature is affected by an external source of heat, the temperature increase
measured by a thermocouple shall be allowed to exceed the indicated maximum by the amount noted as follows, provided that the temperature increase of the coil, as
measured by the resistance method, is not more than that specified in the table.
(1) 5 °C (9 °F) for Class A insulation on coil windings of alternating-current motors having a diameter of 7 in. (178 mm) or less, open type.
(2) 10 °C (18 °F) for Class B insulation on coil windings of alternating-current motors having a diameter of 7 in. (178 mm) or less, open type.
(3) 15 °C (27 °F) for Class A insulation on coil windings of alternating-current motors having a diameter of more than 7 in. (178 mm), open type.
(4) 20 °C (36 °F) for Class B insulation on coil windings of alternating-current motors having a diameter of more than 7 in. (178 mm), open type.
C
Maximum temperature increases are based on an ambient temperature of 25 °C or 77 °F.
D
A capacitor that operates at a temperature above a 65 °C (117 °F) increase shall be judged on the basis of its marked temperature rating.
E
For standard insulated conductors other than those mentioned, reference shall be made to the National Electrical Code; the maximum allowable temperature rise in any
case is 25 °C or 77 °F less than the temperature rating of the insulation in question where Column 1 temperature increases are specified, and the maximum allowable
temperature increase where Column 2 increases are specified is to be based on the heat-resistant properties of the insulation. Column 2 temperature increases are 15 °C
(27 °F) above Column 1.
F
The limitations on phenolic composition and on rubber and thermoplastic insulation do not apply to compounds that have been investigated and found to have special
heat-resistant properties.
G
The specified maximum temperature increases apply to parts whose malfunction has the potential to cause the product to be unsuitable for use.
H
These and other alloys containing more than 1 % magnesium shall not be used when the reflectivity of the material is employed to reduce the risk of fire.
I
When the reflectivity of aluminum-coated steel is used to reduce fire risk, the maximum allowable temperature increase is 830 °F (461 °C).
J
The specified maximum temperature increases shall apply when the galvanizing is required as a protective coating or the reflectivity of the surface is used to reduce fire
risk.
K 3
The specified maximum temperature increases shall not apply to parts of No. 8 gage (3.86 mm) or heavier steel and ⁄16 in. (4.8 mm) thick or heavier cast iron used for
the hearth and to other parts of No. 12 gage (2.36 mm) or heavier steel, and ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) thick or heavier cast iron when: (1) the part is not the only enclosure, and
(2) malfunction of the part will not expose adjacent combustible construction to the fire in the fire chamber.
L
1 5
The specified maximum temperature increase shall not apply to parts of ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) or heavier steel and ⁄16 in. (7.9 mm) thick or heavier cast iron.
M
Handle temperatures are maximum temperatures, based on an ambient temperature of 70 °F or 21 °C.
N
The limitations on operating knobs, handles, and levers does not apply to knobs used for adjusting combustion air inlets or damper handles that do not require adjustment
during operation.
O
Includes plastic with a metal plating not more than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) thick; and metal with a plastic or vinyl covering not less than 0.005 in. thick.
P
Other handle materials shall have a limiting temperature determined by the calculation method specified in Practice C1057 such that the temperature limit does not result
in a tissue temperature of greater than 50 °C at a tissue depth of 0.008 cm with a contact time of 5 seconds.
5.1.7 The room heater shall have no edges, corners, or 5.4.1 If provided, a separable handle shall not remain in
projections presenting risk of a cut or puncture-type injury to position when the user’s hand is withdrawn following use.
persons.
5.4.2 Storage means shall be provided on the device for
separablehandlessothatwhenthehandleisstoredasintended,
5.2 Flue Collar—A flue collar shall provide for ready
the temperatures on the separable handle shall not exceed the
attachment of the specified exhaust venting system and fasten-
specified temperature limits.
ing of the exhaust venting system by at least two screws or
other equivalent mechanical methods.
5.5 Combustion Air Duct System:
5.3 Radiation Shield and Baffle—If provided, a radiation
5.5.1 The combustion air duct system (if applicable) shall
shieldorabaffleshallbeconstructed,formed,andsupportedto
bemadeofsheetmetalnotlessthan0.016in.(0.41mm)thick.
provide the intended positioning and to prevent distortion or
5.5.1.1 Exception—Thinner materials are permitted when
sagging.
conforming to UL 181 for Class 0 and Class 1 air ducts and
5.4 Separable Handle: when they have been investigated for the intended application.
E1509−22
5.5.2 The air inlet shall permit zero clearance to combus- enclosureorcomeintocontactwithexteriorsurfacesofthefire
tible construction. chamber. Fuel hopper sections shall be fastened together
5.5.3 The air inlet shall prevent material from droppinginto securely such that they do not rely solely on a sealing
the inlet or into the area beneath the dwelling, and it shall also compound or tape for tightness.
prevent rodents from entering from outside.
5.7.2 Afuel feed mechanism that presents an entrapment or
other mechanical hazard and which can be contacted by the
NOTE 2—Awire mesh having openings not larger than 0.25in. by 0.25
accessibility probe as shown in Fig. 1 shall have a fuel hopper
in. (6.4mm by 6.4 mm) is acceptable for this purpose.
lidordoorwithadirectinterlocktothefuelfeedmotorsothat
5.6 Exhaust Venting System:
the mechanism is disabled when the hopper is opened. Guards
5.6.1 Products Employing Low-Temperature Type L Vent—
or shields that prevent access to mechanical hazards shall be
When the room heater is intended to be installed with a Type
permanent or require the use of tools for removal. When
L vent system, the vent shall be listed to the requirements of
removable guards or shields are used a cautionary warning
UL 641 or ULC S609 and determined suitable for use with
shall be included inside the hopper cover with the following
solid fuel pellet-burning appliances. The termination shall be
wording or equivalent:
designed such that exhaust gases and sparks are not directed
“CAUTION: Disconnect electrical power before removing
towardcombustiblesurfacesandsuchthattheingressofrainis
guard(s). Reinstall guard(s) after servicing. Never operate this
prevented.
appliance without the guard(s) in place.”
5.6.2 Products Employing a Chimney—Whenaroomheater
5.7.3 Ifprovided,thehopperlid/doorsealgasketingshallbe
is intended to exhaust to a chimney, the connector pipe from
attachedtothelid/door,orthedesignandconstructionshallbe
the room heater to the wall thimble or ceiling adapter shall
suchthatdamagetothegasketingduringnormaloperationand
meet the requirements specified in NFPA211 or the applicable
filling of the hopper is prevented.
building and mechanical codes. If factory-built, the chimney
specified shall be listed to the requirements of UL103 or ULC 5.8 Special Tools—Where special tools are required to
S629M or, if masonry, shall meet the construction require- removecarbonandslagbuildupfromthegrate(burnpot),they
ments of the applicable building and mechanical codes. The shall be supplied with the room heater.
flue size and height requirements shall not be less than those
5.9 Gasket Materials—When components require removal,
specified by the manufacturer of the room heater.
for example, during periodic maintenance, such removal shall
5.6.3 Products Employing an Externally Mounted Draft
not render the gasket or seal incapable of forming a suitable
Inducer:
seal when the components are reassembled with a gasket or
5.6.3.1 When a room heater is intended to be installed such
seal replacement.
that a draft inducer terminates on an exterior wall, the
5.10 Glazing Materials—The glazing used in the room
termination shall be designed such that exhaust gases and
heater shall be either a glass-ceramic or tempered glass with a
sparks are not directed toward combustible surfaces.
minimum thickness of 0.197 in. (5 mm). The glazing material
5.6.3.2 When a room heater is intended to be installed with
shall be able to resist thermal shock. Tempered glass glazing
an externally mounted draft inducer, the exhaust venting
materials shall be able to resist impact.
systemfromtheroomheatertothedraftinducershallbelisted
totherequirementsofUL641orULCS609anddeterminedto
5.11 Blower and Pellet Fuel Feed Assemblies—The follow-
be suitable for use with solid fuel pellet-burning appliances
ing components and features shall meet the construction
using an externally mounted draft inducer.
requirements specified in UL 1482:
5.6.3.3 Exception—If a listed vent is not used, the flue
5.11.1 Enclosure,
connection from the room heater to the draft inducer shall be
5.11.2 Mounting of electrical components,
acceptable if the exhaust venting system is constructed such
5.11.3 Field-installed blower assemblies,
that the exterior surfaces of the vent do not exceed the
5.11.4 Field supply connections,
temperature limits specified in 7.1.1 and 7.2.1 and the flue gas
5.11.5 Grounding,
conduit has corrosion resistance and durability equivalent to
5.11.6 Internal wiring,
Series 300 or 400 stainless steel, unless failure of the conduit
5.11.7 Separation of circuits,
will not render the unit unsafe, such as in the case of products
5.11.8 Bonding of grounding,
of combustion entering the living space.
5.11.9 Capacitors,
5.6.4 Externally Mounted Draft Inducers:
5.11.10 Insulating material,
5.6.4.1 Ifthemanufacturer’sspecifiedperiodicmaintenance
5.11.11 Motors and motor overcurrent (overload)
includes removal of the fan unit from the assembly for
protection,
cleaning, provision for disconnecting power to the motor shall
5.11.12 Switches and controllers,
be made within the enclosure.
5.11.13 Transformers, and
5.6.4.2 Thedraftinducerhousingshallincludeprovisionfor
connecting an additional outdoor vent system. 5.11.14 Spacings.
5.7 Fuel Hopper: 5.12 Convection Air Blower Filter—When a filter is pro-
5.7.1 The fuel hopper assembly shall be constructed such vided for the convection air blower, it shall be accessible after
thatfuelorfuelresiduecannotenterareaswithintheappliance installation.
E1509−22
FIG. 1Accessibility Probe
5.13 Room Heaters for Use in Manufactured Homes: 6. Electrical Requirements
5.13.1 Meansshallbeprovidedforsecuringtheroomheater
6.1 Convection and Combustion Blower Assemblies—
to the floor of the manufactured home.
Blower assemblies shall comply with the following blower
5.13.2 The room heater shall not draw combustion air from assembly performance requirements specified in UL 1482:
the interior spaces of manufactured housing.
6.1.1 Test voltages,
5.13.3 A room heater and its exhaust venting system shall 6.1.2 Temperature measurements,
not void the firestopping required between spaces of a manu- 6.1.3 Input test,
factured home when the room heater, its exhaust venting
6.1.4 Dielectric voltage—withstand test,
system,andthecombustionairinletareinstalledinaccordance
6.1.5 Leakage current test,
with the manufacturer’s instructions.
6.1.6 Stalled motor test,
6.1.7 Strain relief test,
5.14 Components:
6.1.8 Short-circuit test, and
5.14.1 A mechanical component of a product covered by
6.1.9 Knockout test.
this specification shall comply with the requirements for that
6.2 Pellet Fuel Feed Assembly—A motor-driven pellet fuel
component as specified in the standards listed in Section 2.
feed assembly shall comply with all of the above-specified
5.14.2 Exception—Amechanical component need not com-
performance requirements for blower assemblies.
ply with a specific requirement that (1) involves a feature or
characteristicnotnecessaryintheapplicationofthecomponent
6.3 Electronic Controls or Circuit Boards—All components
intheproductcoveredbythisspecificationor(2)issuperseded
used in the control unit shall bear a recognized component
by a requirement in this specification.
marking or the complete assembly shall bear the manufactur-
5.14.3 Amechanicalcomponentshallbeusedinaccordance er’sname,anidentificationmark,andmarkofalaboratorythat
with its recognized rating established for the intended condi- maintains periodic inspection of the production of equipment
tions of use. and materials and states that the equipment or material meets
E1509−22
appropriate standards or has been tested and found suitable for system listed to the requirements of UL641 or ULC S609 and
use in a specified manner. determined suitable for use with solid fuel pellet-burning
NOTE3—Electroniccontrolsandcircuitsboardsmustalsobeevaluated appliances.
forcompliancewith47CFRPart15,SubpartB,fortheUnitedStatesand
7.1.3 Maximum Room Temperature—The room temperature
ICES-003 for Canada.
shall not increase more than 20°F (11°C) above the value
6.4 Wiring—Wiring methods shall comply with the require-
recorded at the beginning of the test.
ments of NFPA 70 and UL 1482.
7.2 Performance with a Failed Component:
6.5 Components:
7.2.1 Maximum Temperature Increase—Maximumtempera-
ture increases above ambient temperature shall not exceed the
6.5.1 An electrical or electronic component of a product
covered by this specification shall comply with the specified following limits when tested in accordance with 10.1.4:
requirements for that component. 7.2.1.1 Temperature of 140°F (78°C) on exposed surfaces
of the test structure;
6.5.2 Exception—An electrical or electronic component
7.2.1.2 Temperatureof140°F(78°C)ontheroomheateror
need not comply with a specific requirement that (1) involves
a feature or characteristic not necessary in the application of exhaust venting system surface at points of zero clearance to
the test structure; and
the component in the product covered by this specification or
7.2.1.3 Temperature of 140°F (78°C) on the surface be-
(2) is superseded by a requirement in this specification.
neath a floor protector installed on the area specified for the
6.5.3 An electrical or electronic component shall be used in
floor protector.
accordance with its recognized rating established for the
7.2.1.4 The maximum values specified in Column 2 of
intended conditions of use.
Table2forthematerialusedinanypartoftheroomheaterand
6.6 Electrical Component Temperature Increase:
of an exhaust venting system provided as part of the heater.
6.6.1 Temperature increases shall be measured on the elec-
7.2.2 Maximum Room Temperature—The room temperature
tricalcomponentsandenclosuresoftheblowerassembliesand
shall not increase more than 20°F (11°C) above the value
pellet fuel feed assembly when tested in accordance with
recorded at the beginning of each failed component test.
10.1.3 and shall not be greater than those specified for the
7.3 Combustion Products Leakage:
specific component in Column 1 of Table 2.
7.3.1 Carbon Monoxide Under Negative Pressure—Carbon
6.6.2 Temperature increases shall be measured on the elec-
monoxide concentration (ppm) above the ambient concentra-
tricalcomponentsandenclosuresoftheblowerassembliesand
tionsinthetestenclosureatthebeginningofeachtestshallnot
pellet fuel feed assembly when tested in accordance with
exceeds the limits specified in Table 3. Limits are specified in
10.1.4 and shall not be greater than those specified for the
terms of maximum instantaneous concentration and levels not
specific component in Column 2 of Table 2.
to be exceeded for specific periods of time.
7.3.2 Carbon Monoxide With Door Unlatched—Carbon
7. Performance Requirements
monoxide concentrations shall not exceed 100 ppm during
7.1 Performance During Maximum Burning Conditions:
maximum burning conditions with the door unlatched when
7.1.1 Maximum Temperature Increase—Maximumtempera-
tested in accordance with 10.1.3.
ture increases above ambient temperature shall not exceed the
7.4 Operational Capability:
following limits when tested in accordance with 10.1.3:
7.4.1 Convection Blower Speed Control—If a convection
7.1.1.1 Temperature of 117°F (65°C) on exposed surfaces
blower speed control is provided, the room heater shall remain
of the test structure;
operating (that is, not trip overheat sensors), and not exceed
7.1.1.2 Temperatureof90°F(50°C)onunexposedsurfaces
any temperature limitation, when the convection blower speed
of the test structure, such as beneath the heater or floor
control is set to its lowest setting and the pellet fuel feed
protector or behind a wall-mounted shield; and
control is set to its highest setting.
7.1.1.3 Temperatureof90°F(50°C)onsurfacesofexhaust
7.4.2 Spillage—There shall be no ongoing spillage of prod-
venting system parts at points of zero clearance to the test
ucts of combustion or flame from the heater during all testing
structure and air inlet parts at points of zero clearance to the
conditions.
test structure.
NOTE 4—Intermittent or sporadic wisps of smoke (smoking not over
7.1.1.4 The maximum values specified in Column 1 of
15s at a time) is not to be regarded as ongoing spillage.
Table2forthematerialusedinanypartoftheroomheaterand
exhaust venting system, if provided as part of the heater.
7.1.2 Maximum Flue Gas Temperature for Listed Venting
TABLE 3 Carbon Monoxide Concentration Limits
Systems: (Increase From Initial Concentration)
7.1.2.1 Themaximumtemperatureofthefluegasesentering
Test condition Maximum CO Not to Exceed
Door latched—Normal Shutdown 50 ppm 35 ppm for more than 1 h
the chimney shall not exceed 930°F (517°C) above ambient
Maximum Burn—Combustion 400 ppm 100 ppm for more than ⁄2 h
temperatureiftestedforusewithconnectorpipeandachimney
Blower Disabled—Door Latched
listed to the requirements of UL 103 or ULC S629M.
Maximum Burn—Door Latched— 250 ppm 50 ppm for more than 1 h
Vent Blocked
7.1.2.2 Themaximumtemperatureofthefluegasesentering
Power Failure from Maximum 250 ppm 100 ppm for more than ⁄2 h
the exhaust venting system shall not exceed 500°F (260°C)
Burn—Door Latched
above ambient temperature if tested for use with a venting
E1509−22
7.4.3 Continued Service—Following completion of the tests ⁄64in. (0.4mm) wide; welds shall not break, and the room
describedinSection10,apelletfuel-burningroomheatershall heater assembly shall not be damaged to the extent that it is
be acceptable for further intended service by meeting the unacceptable for further use when tested in accordance with
following criteria: 10.3.2.
7.4.3.1 No part has become damaged or distorted perma-
nently to an extent that it will not continue to function as 8. Test Structure
intended.
8.1 The room heater to be tested shall be installed in a
7.4.3.2 Other than ordinary paint or porcelain enamel not
structure similar to that illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 constructed
intended to be a protective coating, the effectiveness of any
to accommodate the product as it is to be tested.
requiredprotectivecoatingorfinishonmetalpartshasnotbeen
8.2 The test structure shall be erected within a room having
impaired.
ventilationcapableofmaintainingcarbonmonoxidebuildupto
7.4.3.3 A ceramic or refractory material does not show
lessthan50ppmthroughoutthedurationofanytest.Theroom
evidence of cracking, disintegration, or spilling to an extent
shall be free of drafts, and the exhaust venting system is to
that impairs the serviceability of the part or assembly.
exhaust into the same space, or into a space freely communi-
7.4.3.4 Cracks are not observable in porcelain enamel used
cating with the space, from which the combustion air is taken.
as required protective coating (see 4.5) when the surface is
examined under a microscope of 60× magnification. 8.3 Thetemperatureoftheroomandtheentireteststructure
7.4.3.5 The reflectivity of a surface has not been impaired withintheroomshallbebetween60°Fand90°F(15.6°Cand
when the reflectivity of that surface is used to reduce fire risk. 32.2°C) at the beginning of the maximum burning conditions
test (see 10.1.3) and at the beginning of the test for each failed
7.4.3.6 Theeffectivenessofinsulatingmaterialhasnotbeen
reduced. condition during the component failure test (see 10.1.4).
7.4.4 Visible Smoke—There shall be no visible smoke at the
8.4 Ventilating,combustion,orcoolingairopeningsintothe
exhaust venting system termination, once the room heater has
room heater shall be sealed unless the following conditions
been operating for 15 min, during all normal operating condi-
occur:
tions.
8.4.1 Theopeningsaremorethan1.5in.(38mm)abovethe
floor and are not closable during normal operation.
NOTE 5—Emissions with an opacity greater than 20%, when measured
using the Ringelmann Smoke Chart, (see Test Method D3211) is consid-
8.4.2 The openings are not susceptible to being blocked by
ered visible smoke.
the user to overcome a nuisance, for example, in the event of
7.4.5 Burnback to Fuel Hopper—There shall be no burn- downdrafts, a cold room, or an overheated room; and
8.4.3 The air is drawn from the room in which the room
back to the fuel hopper when the heater is tested in accordance
with 10.1.5. heater is installed and is discharged into the same room.
8.5 Theteststructureshallconsistofthreewalls,afloor,and
NOTE6—Indicationsofburnbackincludesmokewithinthefuelhopper
or smoldering or charred pellet fuel. aceiling,anditistohaveinsidedimensionsof7ft(2.1m)high
by 8 ft (2.4 m) wide by 8 ft (2.4 m) deep. See Fig. 2 for
7.5 Physical Integrity:
structural details. For room heaters intended for use in an
7.5.1 Glazing—The glazing of a pellet fuel-burning room
alcove, the optional test arrangement shown in Fig. 2 shall be
heater shall not crack, break, or become dislodged when the
used.
heater is tested in accordance with 10.2.1 and 10.2.2.
7.5.2 Rain Protection—The cap of an exhaust venting sys-
8.6 The exhaust venting system of the room heater shall
tem specified for use with the room heater, when tested in pass through the ceiling/roof or wall of the test structure in
accordance with 10.2.3, shall not allow the ingress of rain to
accordance with the vent manufacturer’s instructions for in-
exceed 2% of that which could enter the conduit or passage- stallation and clearance. When an exhaust venting system
way if unprotected by a cap.
penetrates the roof, the space between the attic/roof framing
and the outer surface of the thimble shall be filled with 0.5in.
NOTE 7—Caps listed for installation with and used with a venting
(12.7mm) thick plywood sheets, with each sheet having an
systemlistedtotherequirementsofUL641orULCS609,anddetermined
outer dimension such that it fits at zero clearance to the
to be suitable for use with solid fuel pellet-burning appliances, do not
requireretestingtotherequirementsofthisspecification.Roofassemblies
framing, and a hole centered to accommodate the thimble at
(terminations) listed for installation with and used with factory-built
zeroclearance.Whenanexhaustventingsystempenetratesthe
chimneys listed to the requirements of UL 103 or ULC S629M do not
wall,thespacebetweenthewallframingtheoutersurfaceshall
require retesting to the requirements of this specification.
be filled similarly with plywood sheets.
7.6 Mechanical Integrity:
8.7 If the room heater is equipped with a combustion air
7.6.1 Stability—Whenthepelletfuel-burningroomheateris
inlet that penetrates the floor, a 0.375in. (9.5mm) thick
tipped in any direction, the product of the minimum force in
plywood bottom board extending at least 8 in. (193 mm) from
poundsforce(Newtons)requiredtotiptheroomheater,andthe
each side of the air inlet is to be applied to the bottom of the
angleindegreesthroughwhichtheroomheateristiltedbefore
floor joist.
falling of its own accord,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1509 − 12 (Reapproved 2017) E1509 − 22
Standard Specification for
Room Heaters, Pellet Fuel-Burning Type
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and marking requirements for automatic feed, pellet
fuel-burning room heaters that are intended to burn wood pellets or other suitable solid fuel. These room heaters shall be drafted
by forced or natural means.
1.2 Exhaust venting systems and associated externally mounted draft inducers are not evaluated by this specification unless they
are part of an engineered system provided as part of the room heater. Parts specifically evaluated and determined to be acceptable
for use with pellet fuel-burning room heaters are required to be specified in the room heater manufacturer’s instructions and are
to be used in evaluating the room heater.
1.3 Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this specification are intended for installation in accordance with the applicable
requirements of NFPA 211 and in accordance with the applicable building and mechanical codes.
1.4 Pellet fuel-burning room heaters covered by this specification are acceptable for use in manufactured homes when installed
in accordance with the Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards published by the Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD). See 24 CFR Part 3280.
1.5 The terms “product” or “room heater,” as used in this specification, refer to all pellet fuel-burning room heaters or any part
thereof covered by the requirements of this specification, unless specifically noted otherwise.
1.6 No information provided in this specification is intended to prevent the use of other methods or devices, provided that
sufficient technical data are submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate that the proposed method or device is
equivalent in quality, strength, fire endurance, effectiveness, durability, and safety to that prescribed in this specification.
1.7 The notes incorporated into this specification are not prescriptive requirements. They are given for clarification and
informational purposes only.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.54 on Solid Fuel
Burning Appliances.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017May 1, 2022. Published September 2017June 2022. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
E1509 – 12.E1509 – 12 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/E1509-12R17.10.1520/E1509-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1509 − 22
1.9 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification:This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1057 Practice for Determination of Skin Contact Temperature from Heated Surfaces Using a Mathematical Model and
Thermesthesiometer
D3211 Test Method for Relative Density of Black Smoke (Ringelmann Method) (Withdrawn 1990)
E136 Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E711 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Refuse-Derived Fuel by the Bomb Calorimeter (Withdrawn 2011)
E871 Test Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels
2.2 ANSI Standard:
ANSI B94.11 Twist Drills
2.3 ASME Standard:
ASME B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
2.4 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations—Housing and Urban Development:
24 CFR Part 3280 Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards
2.5 Federal Communications Commission:
47 CFR Part 15, Subpart B FCC Regulations
2.6 NFPA Standards:
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
NFPA 211 Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents and Solid-Fuel Burning Appliances
2.7 UL Standards:
UL 103 Chimneys, Factory-Built, Residential Type and Building Heating Appliance
UL 181 Factory Made Air Ducts and Connectors
UL 641 Low-Temperature Venting Systems, Type L
UL 907 Fireplace Accessories
UL 969 Marking and Labeling Systems
UL 1482 Room Heaters, Solid Fuel Type
2.8 ULC Standards:
ULC S609 Low Temperature Vents, Type L
ULC S629M 650°C Factory-Built Chimneys
2.9 ICES Standard:
ICES-003 Digital Apparatus
2.10 PFI Standard:
PFI Standard Specification for Residential/Commercial Densified Fuel, June 1, 2011
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology E631.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062, http://www.ul.com.
Available from Underwriters Laboratories of Canada, 7 Underwriters Road, Toronto, ON Canada M1R 3B4, http://www.ul.com/canada.
Available from Industry Canada, C.D. Howe Building, 235 Queen Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H5, Canada, http://www.ic.gc.ca/.
Available from Pellet Fuels Institute (PFI), 2150 N 107th St., Suite 205, Seattle, WA 98133, http://pelletheat.org.
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3.2.1 chimney—one or more passageways, vertical or nearly so, for conveying flue gases to the outside atmosphere to which the
appliance exhaust is capable of being connected.
3.2.2 combustible material—material made of or surfaced with wood, compressed paper, plant fibers, plastics, or other material
that will ignite and burn, whether flameproofed or not, or whether plastered or unplastered.
3.2.3 combustion air control—a valve or plate or motor speed control, operated manually or automatically, that regulates the draft
or flow of flue gases or inlet combustion air.
3.2.4 connector pipe—a flue pipe that is part of the exhaust venting system that ducts combustion products from the room heater
to a chimney.
3.2.5 exhaust venting system—a flue pipe, either horizontal, vertical, or a combination of horizontal and vertical, that ducts
combustion products from the room heater to the outside.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
An exhaust venting system consists of a listed vent system, or connector pipe and a listed factory-built chimney, or a masonry
chimney, or an engineered vent system provided as part of the pellet fuel-burning room heater.
3.2.6 floor protector (stove mat)—the noncombustible material applied to the combustible floor area located beneath the product
and extending beyond the front and sides and to the rear of the product. The area is to be of the dimensions specified in the
installation instructions.
3.2.7 grate—a frame for supporting the fuel within a room heater.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—
The grate in a pellet fuel-burning room heater is also referred to as a burn pot or fire pot.
3.2.8 hearth—the floor area within the fire chamber of a room heater.
3.2.9 hopper—an on-unit fuel reservoir that is gravity feeding through a bottom outlet to a controllable pellet fuel feed assembly.
3.2.10 listed—equipment or materials included in a list, published by an organization acceptable to the authority having
jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of the production of listed equipment or
materials and whose listing states either that the equipment or material meets the appropriate standards or has been tested and found
to be suitable for use in a specified manner.
3.2.11 noncombustible material—a material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not
ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials reported as passing the test,
when tested in accordance with Test Method E136, shall be considered noncombustible materials.
3.2.12 pellet fuel—a solid processed biomass fuel of specified size and composition capable of being fed to the room heater
combustion system at a controlled rate.
3.2.13 room heater, pellet fuel type—a closed combustion, exhaust venting system connected, pellet fuel-burning room heater
incorporating a fuel feed control mechanism.
4. Materials
4.1 The materials used shall be free of defects that will affect the performance and maintainability of individual components of
the overall assembly.
4.2 A room heater and an exhaust venting system, if provided, shall be made of noncombustible corrosion-resistant materials.
Metals shall not be used in combinations that have the potential to cause galvanic action at any location within the assembly.
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4.3 The minimum metal thickness of room heater nondecorative parts, including any coatings, shall comply with the requirements
given in Table 1.
4.4 Aluminum alloys containing more than 1 % magnesium shall not be used if the reflectivity of the material is employed to
reduce fire risk.
4.5 The fire chamber and other parts of the room heater that are in contact with flue gases and are visible after installation shall
be of material having the durability and resistance to fire and heat equivalent to fireclay tile, Series 300 or 400 stainless steel,
aluminum-coated steel, cast iron, or 0.042-in. (1.07-mm)0.042 in. (1.07 mm) thick unprotected or painted steel.
NOTE 1—Cast iron and unprotected and painted sheet steel complying with the requirements of Footnotes K and L of Table 2 comply with the requirements
of 4.5.
4.6 If required, chimney connectors shall be of materials and thicknesses complying with the requirements of NFPA 211 and
applicable building and mechanical codes.
4.7 Thermal insulation material shall be of metal or mineral base. Asbestos materials shall not be used.
4.8 Thermal insulation shall comply with the following conditions when the room heater is tested in accordance with the following
requirements:
4.8.1 The products resulting from the combustion or volatilization of any combustible binder shall be discharged to the exhaust
venting system.
4.8.2 Insulating material shall remain in the intended position.
4.8.3 The insulation shall not show evidence of softening, melting, or deterioration in a manner that will inhibit its function or
create a hazard.
4.9 Thermal insulation, other than firebox refractory materials, shall be protected from contact with combustion products.
4.10 Thermal insulation that is not self-supporting shall be applied to solid surfaces so that the insulation does not sag in any way
that will interfere with the function of the insulation. An adhesive or cement used to attach such material shall retain its adhesive
qualities at any temperature the adhesive attains when tested in accordance with these requirements and at 0 °F (−17.8 °C).
4.11 A water-absorbing insulating material shall be protected from wetting by condensation or rain when installed as intended.
4.12 Friable materials shall not be used in air handling compartments unless contained suitably.
5. Construction Requirements
5.1 General:
TABLE 1 Minimum Metal Thickness
in. mm
Aluminum-coated steel Type T1-40 (Regular, 0.018 0.46
2 2
0.40 oz/ft (0.12 kg/m )
Aluminum alloys 0.016 0.41
Cast iron 0.125 3.17
Galvanized steel G60 coating class 0.018 0.45
Porcelain-enameled steel 0.032 0.81
Stainless steel 0.012 0.30
Steel, uncoated or painted 0.042 1.07
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TABLE 2 Maximum Temperature Increases
Column 1 Column 2
Materials and Components
°C °F °C °F
A, B, C
(A) Motor
(1) Class A insulation systems on coil windings of alternating-
current motors 7 in. (178 mm) or less in diameter (not includ-
ing universal motors):
(a) In open motors: 75 135 115 207
Thermocouple or resistance method
(b) In totally enclosed motors: 80 144 115 207
Thermocouple or resistance method
(2) Class A insulation systems on coil windings of alternating-
current motors more than 7 in. (178 mm) in diameter and of
direct-current and universal motors:
(a) In open motors: 65 117 115 207
Thermocouple method 75 135 115 207
Resistance method
(b) In totally enclosed motors: 70 126 115 207
Thermocouple method 80 144 115 207
Resistance method
(3) Class B insulation systems on coil windings of alternating-
current motors 7 in. (178 mm) or less in diameter (not includ-
ing universal motors):
(a) In open motors: 95 171 140 252
Thermocouple or resistance method
(b) In totally enclosed motors: 100 180 140 252
Thermocouple or resistance method
(4) Class B insulation systems on coil windings of alternating-
current motors more than 7 in. (178 mm) in diameter and of
direct-current and universal motors:
(a) In open motors: 85 153 140 252
Thermocouple method 95 171 140 252
Resistance method
(b) In totally enclosed motors: 90 162 140 252
Thermocouple method 100 180 140 252
Resistance method
C
(B) Components
(1) Capacitors:
(a) Electrolyte types 40 72 (not specified)
D
(b) Other types 65 117
(2) Relay, solenoid, and other coils with:
(a) ass 105 insulation systems: 65 117 115 207
Thermocouple method 85 153 115 207
Resistance method
(b) Class 130 insulation systems: 85 153 140 252
Thermocouple method 105 189 140 252
Resistance method
B
(3) Transformer enclosure:
(a) Class 2 transformers 60 108 85 153
(b) Power and ignition transformers 65 117 90 162
C, E, F
(C) Insulated Conductors
(1) Appliance wiring material:
75 °C rating 50 90 65 117
80 °C rating 55 99 70 126
90 °C rating 65 117 80 144
105 °C rating 80 144 95 171
200 °C rating 175 315 200 360
250 °C rating 225 405 250 450
(2) Flexible cord—Types SO, ST, SJO, SJT, HSJ, and HSJO:
60 °C rating 35 63 60 108
75 °C rating 50 90 65 117
90 °C rating 65 117 80 144
105 °C rating 80 144 95 171
E
(3) Other types of insulated wires: see footnote
C, F
(D) Electrical Insulation—General
(1) Class C electrical insulation material not specified
(2 Class (180) electrical insulation material as determined by test
(3) Fiber used as electrical insulation or cord bushings 65 117 90 162
(4) Phenolic composition used as electrical insulation or as parts 125 225 150 270
where malfunction will result in a risk of fire or electric shock
(5) Thermoplastic material 25 °C or 77 °F less than its temperature rating
(6) Varnished cloth insulation 60 108 85 153
G
(E) Metals
(1) Aluminum alloys:
(a) 1100 (2S) 183 330 239 430
(b) 3003 (3S) 239 430 294 530
H
(c) 2014, 2017, 2024, and 5052 294 530 350 630
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TABLE 2 Continued
Column 1 Column 2
Materials and Components
°C °F °C °F
I
(2) Aluminum-coated steel, heat-resistant type 572 1030 708 1275
(3) Carbon steel—coated with Type A19 ceramic 572 1030 628 1130
J
(4) Galvanized steel 267 480 350 630
K, L
(5) Low-carbon steel, cast iron 461 830 517 930
(6) Stainless steel:
(a) Types 302, 303, 304, 321, and 347 686 1235 767 1380
(b) Type 316 667 1200 748 1345
(c) Type 309S 867 1560 950 1705
(d) Types 310, 310B 894 1610 975 1755
(e) Type 430 728 1310 808 1455
(f) Type 446 961 1730 1042 1875
(F) General
M, N
(1) Operating knobs, handles, and levers:
(a) Metallic 50 122 not specified
(b) Glass 78 172
O
(c) Plastic 85 185
(d) Wood 150 302
P
(e) Other Materials
(2) Internal hopper surface 82 180 150 302
A
The motor diameter is to be measured in the plane of the laminations of the circle circumscribing the stator frame, excluding lugs, boxes, and the like, used solely for
motor cooling, mounting, assembly, or connection.
B
Ordinarily, coil or winding temperatures are to be measured by thermocouples unless the coil is inaccessible for mounting of these devices (for example, a coil immersed
in sealing compound) or unless the coil wrap includes thermal insulation or more than two layers, ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) maximum, of cotton, paper, rayon, or the like. For a
thermocouple-measured temperature of a coil of an alternating-current motor, having a diameter of 7 in. (178 mm) or less, the thermocouple is to be mounted on the
integrally applied insulation on the conductor. At a point on the surface of a coil where the temperature is affected by an external source of heat, the temperature increase
measured by a thermocouple shall be allowed to exceed the indicated maximum by the amount noted as follows, provided that the temperature increase of the coil, as
measured by the resistance method, is not more than that specified in the table.
(1) 5 °C (9 °F) for Class A insulation on coil windings of alternating-current motors having a diameter of 7 in. (178 mm) or less, open type.
(2) 10 °C (18 °F) for Class B insulation on coil windings of alternating-current motors having a diameter of 7 in. (178 mm) or less, open type.
(3) 15 °C (27 °F) for Class A insulation on coil windings of alternating-current motors having a diameter of more than 7 in. (178 mm), open type.
(4) 20 °C (36 °F) for Class B insulation on coil windings of alternating-current motors having a diameter of more than 7 in. (178 mm), open type.
C
Maximum temperature increases are based on an ambient temperature of 25 °C or 77 °F.
D
A capacitor that operates at a temperature above a 65 °C (117 °F) increase shall be judged on the basis of its marked temperature rating.
E
For standard insulated conductors other than those mentioned, reference shall be made to the National Electrical Code; the maximum allowable temperature rise in any
case is 25 °C or 77 °F less than the temperature rating of the insulation in question where Column 1 temperature increases are specified, and the maximum allowable
temperature increase where Column 2 increases are specified is to be based on the heat-resistant properties of the insulation. Column 2 temperature increases are 15 °C
(27 °F) above Column 1.
F
The limitations on phenolic composition and on rubber and thermoplastic insulation do not apply to compounds that have been investigated and found to have special
heat-resistant properties.
G
The specified maximum temperature increases apply to parts whose malfunction has the potential to cause the product to be unsuitable for use.
H
These and other alloys containing more than 1 % magnesium shall not be used when the reflectivity of the material is employed to reduce the risk of fire.
I
When the reflectivity of aluminum-coated steel is used to reduce fire risk, the maximum allowable temperature increase is 830 °F (461 °C).
J
The specified maximum temperature increases shall apply when the galvanizing is required as a protective coating or the reflectivity of the surface is used to reduce fire
risk.
K
The specified maximum temperature increases shall not apply to parts of No. 8 gage (3.86 mm) or heavier steel and ⁄16-in. (4.8-mm) in. (4.8 mm) thick or heavier cast
iron used for the hearth and to other parts of No. 12 gage (2.36 mm) or heavier steel, and ⁄8-in. (3.2-mm) in. (3.2 mm) thick or heavier cast iron when: (1) the part is not
the only enclosure, and (2) malfunction of the part will not expose adjacent combustible construction to the fire in the fire chamber.
L
1 5
The specified maximum temperature increase shall not apply to parts of ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) or heavier steel and ⁄16-in. (7.9-mm) in. (7.9 mm) thick or heavier cast iron.
M
Handle temperatures are maximum temperatures, based on an ambient temperature of 70 °F or 21 °C.
N
The limitations on operating knobs, handles, and levers does not apply to knobs used for adjusting combustion air inlets or damper handles that do not require adjustment
during operation.
O
Includes plastic with a metal plating not more than 0.005-in. (0.13-mm)0.005 in. (0.13 mm) thick; and metal with a plastic or vinyl covering not less than 0.005-in.0.005 in.
thick.
P
Other handle materials shall have a limiting temperature determined by the calculation method specified in Practice C1057 such that the temperature limit does not result
in a tissue temperature of greater than 50 °C at a tissue depth of 0.008 cm with a contact time of 5 seconds.
5.1.1 A room heater and related parts shall be constructed and assembled so as to have the strength, rigidity, and durability to
withstand damage during tests in accordance with the following requirements and during handling and installation.
5.1.2 A joint in a metal surface of a fire chamber or flue gas passageway in a room heater shall be secured mechanically by being
welded, lock-seamed, riveted, or bolted. A joint shall be fastened together securely such that it does not rely solely on a cement
compound for tightness.
5.1.3 Each part or assembly shall be constructed for attachment of one to the other without requiring alteration, cutting, threading,
drilling, welding, or similar tasks by the installer.
5.1.3.1 Exception—If an assembly or component part is intended to be cut to length or to be fitted by the installer, means shall
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be provided for joining any altered part to a companion part or assembly. All fasteners required to complete the assembly shall
be provided with the product by the manufacturer. Drilling is acceptable if the drilling operation does not weaken the assembly
or drill into the fire chamber, and the size of the required drill bit is specified and instructions describe the locations to be drilled
clearly, such as by the use of templates, drawings, descriptions, or the like.
5.1.4 Insulating materials shall be an integral part of the assembly if required to protect combustible parts of the building when
the room heater is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
5.1.4.1 Exception—If fire chamber materials are packaged and shipped with the heater, the installation instructions shall provide
for a description of the method of placement of this material, and the heater shall be marked with an adhesive-backed warning
marking indicating that the material is to be installed before firing.
5.1.5 Two or more parts or subassemblies that are required or intended to bear a definite relationship to each other shall be
arranged and constructed so as to permit them to be incorporated into the complete assembly without need for alteration or
alignment and only in the correct relationship with each other, or they shall be assembled and shipped from the factory as a single
component.
5.1.6 Parts of a room heater, such as support legs, radiation shields, and the like, that are necessary to limit temperatures on
adjacent construction shall be factory-attached, or they shall comply with all of the following requirements:
5.1.6.1 The parts shall be shipped with the room heater, or they shall be marked with the name or trademark of the manufacturer
or private labeler, with a catalog number or equivalent designation, and with the type of equipment with which they are intended
to be used. The associated heater shall be marked to indicate the catalog number, or equivalent designation of such a part, and the
name of the manufacturer or private labeler of that part.
5.1.6.2 Assembly of the parts shall comply with the requirements given in 5.1.3.
5.1.6.3 The installation instructions shall define and illustrate the intended assembly of the parts.
5.1.7 The room heater shall have no edges, corners, or projections presenting risk of a cut or puncture-type injury to persons.
5.2 Flue Collar—A flue collar shall provide for ready attachment of the specified exhaust venting system and fastening of the
exhaust venting system by at least two screws or other equivalent mechanical methods.
5.3 Radiation Shield and Baffle—If provided, a radiation shield or a baffle shall be constructed, formed, and supported to provide
the intended positioning and to prevent distortion or sagging.
5.4 Separable Handle:
5.4.1 If provided, a separable handle shall not remain in position when the user’s hand is withdrawn following use.
5.4.2 Storage means shall be provided on the device for separable handles so that when the handle is stored as intended, the
temperatures on the separable handle shall not exceed the specified temperature limits.
5.5 Combustion Air Duct System:
5.5.1 The combustion air duct system (if applicable) shall be made of sheet metal not less than 0.016-in. (0.41-mm)0.016 in.
(0.41 mm) thick.
5.5.1.1 Exception—Thinner materials are permitted when conforming to UL 181 for Class 0 and Class 1 air ducts and when they
have been investigated for the intended application.
5.5.2 The air inlet shall permit zero clearance to combustible construction.
5.5.3 The air inlet shall prevent material from dropping into the inlet or into the area beneath the dwelling, and it shall also prevent
rodents from entering from outside.
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NOTE 2—A wire mesh having openings not larger than 0.250.25 in. by 0.25 in. (6.4(6.4 mm by 6.4 mm) is acceptable for this purpose.
5.6 Exhaust Venting System:
5.6.1 Products Employing Low-Temperature Type L Vent—When the room heater is intended to be installed with a Type L vent
system, the vent shall be listed to the requirements of UL 641 or ULC S609 and determined suitable for use with solid fuel
pellet-burning appliances. The termination shall be designed such that exhaust gases and sparks are not directed toward
combustible surfaces and such that the ingress of rain is prevented.
5.6.2 Products Employing a Chimney—When a room heater is intended to exhaust to a chimney, the connector pipe from the room
heater to the wall thimble or ceiling adapter shall meet the requirements specified in NFPA 211 or the applicable building and
mechanical codes. If factory-built, the chimney specified shall be listed to the requirements of UL 103 or ULC S629M or, if
masonry, shall meet the construction requirements of the applicable building and mechanical codes. The flue size and height
requirements shall not be less than those specified by the manufacturer of the room heater.
5.6.3 Products Employing an Externally Mounted Draft Inducer:
5.6.3.1 When a room heater is intended to be installed such that a draft inducer terminates on an exterior wall, the termination
shall be designed such that exhaust gases and sparks are not directed toward combustible surfaces.
5.6.3.2 When a room heater is intended to be installed with an externally mounted draft inducer, the exhaust venting system from
the room heater to the draft inducer shall be listed to the requirements of UL 641 or ULC S609 and determined to be suitable for
use with solid fuel pellet-burning appliances using an externally mounted draft inducer.
5.6.3.3 Exception—If a listed vent is not used, the flue connection from the room heater to the draft inducer shall be acceptable
if the exhaust venting system is constructed such that the exterior surfaces of the vent do not exceed the temperature limits specified
in 7.1.1 and 7.2.1 and the flue gas conduit has corrosion resistance and durability equivalent to Series 300 or 400 stainless steel,
unless failure of the conduit will not render the unit unsafe, such as in the case of products of combustion entering the living space.
5.6.4 Externally Mounted Draft Inducers:
5.6.4.1 If the manufacturer’s specified periodic maintenance includes removal of the fan unit from the assembly for cleaning,
provision for disconnecting power to the motor shall be made within the enclosure.
5.6.4.2 The draft inducer housing shall include provision for connecting an additional outdoor vent system.
5.7 Fuel Hopper:
5.7.1 The fuel hopper assembly shall be constructed such that fuel or fuel residue cannot enter areas within the appliance enclosure
or come into contact with exterior surfaces of the fire chamber. Fuel hopper sections shall be fastened together securely such that
they do not rely solely on a sealing compound or tape for tightness.
5.7.2 A fuel feed mechanism that presents an entrapment or other mechanical hazard and which can be contacted by the
accessibility probe as shown in Fig. 1 shall have a fuel hopper lid or door with a direct interlock to the fuel feed motor so that
the mechanism is disabled when the hopper is opened. Guards or shields that prevent access to mechanical hazards shall be
permanent or require the use of tools for removal. When removable guards or shields are used a cautionary warning shall be
included inside the hopper cover with the following wording or equivalent:
“CAUTION: Disconnect electrical power before removing guard(s). Reinstall guard(s) after servicing. Never operate this
appliance without the guard(s) in place.”
5.7.3 If provided, the hopper lid/door seal gasketing shall be attached to the lid/door, or the design and construction shall be such
that damage to the gasketing during normal operation and filling of the hopper is prevented.
5.8 Special Tools—Where special tools are required to remove carbon and slag buildup from the grate (burn pot), they shall be
supplied with the room heater.
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FIG. 1 Accessibility Probe
5.9 Gasket Materials—When components require removal, for example, during periodic maintenance, such removal shall not
render the gasket or seal incapable of forming a suitable seal when the components are reassembled with a gasket or seal
replacement.
5.10 Glazing Materials—The glazing used in the room heater shall be either a glass-ceramic or tempered glass with a minimum
thickness of 0.197 in. (5 mm). The glazing material shall be able to resist thermal shock. Tempered glass glazing materials shall
be able to resist impact.
5.11 Blower and Pellet Fuel Feed Assemblies—The following components and features shall meet the construction requirements
specified in UL 1482:
5.11.1 Enclosure,
5.11.2 Mounting of electrical components,
5.11.3 Field-installed blower assemblies,
5.11.4 Field supply connections,
5.11.5 Grounding,
5.11.6 Internal wiring,
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5.11.7 Separation of circuits,
5.11.8 Bonding of grounding,
5.11.9 Capacitors,
5.11.10 Insulating material,
5.11.11 Motors and motor overcurrent (overload) protection,
5.11.12 Switches and controllers,
5.11.13 Transformers, and
5.11.14 Spacings.
5.12 Convection Air Blower Filter—When a filter is provided for the convection air blower, it shall be accessible after installation.
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5.13 Room Heaters for Use in Manufactured Homes:
5.13.1 Means shall be provided for securing the room heater to the floor of the manufactured home.
5.13.2 The room heater shall not draw combustion air from the interior spaces of manufactured housing.
5.13.3 A room heater and its exhaust venting system shall not void the firestopping required between spaces of a manufactured
home when the room heater, its exhaust venting system, and the combustion air inlet are installed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
5.14 Components:
5.14.1 A mechanical component of a product covered by this specification shall comply with the requirements for that component
as specified in the standards listed in Section 2.
5.14.2 Exception—A mechanical component need not comply with a specific requirement that (1) involves a feature or
characteristic not necessary in the application of the component in the product covered by this specification or (2) is superseded
by a requirement in this specification.
5.14.3 A mechanical component shall be used in accordance with its recognized rating established for the intended conditions of
use.
6. Electrical Requirements
6.1 Convection and Combustion Blower Assemblies—Blower assemblies shall comply with the following blower assembly
performance requirements specified in UL 1482:
6.1.1 Test voltages,
6.1.2 Temperature measurements,
6.1.3 Input test,
6.1.4 Dielectric voltage—withstand test,
6.1.5 Leakage current test,
6.1.6 Stalled motor test,
6.1.7 Strain relief test,
6.1.8 Short-circuit test, and
6.1.9 Knockout test.
6.2 Pellet Fuel Feed Assembly—A motor-driven pellet fuel feed assembly shall comply with all of the above-specified
performance requirements for blower assemblies.
6.3 Electronic Controls or Circuit Boards—All components used in the control unit shall bear a recognized component marking
or the complete assembly shall bear the manufacturer’s name, an identification mark, and mark of a laboratory that maintains
periodic inspection of the production of equipment and materials and states that the equipment or material meets appropriate
standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner.
NOTE 3—Electronic controls and circuits boards must also be evaluated for compliance with 47 CFR Part 15, Subpart B, for the United States and
ICES-003 for Canada.
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6.4 Wiring—Wiring methods shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 70 and UL 1482.
6.5 Components:
6.5.1 An electrical or electronic component of a product covered by this specification shall comply with the specified requirements
for that component.
6.5.2 Exception—An electrical or electronic component need not comply with a specific requirement that (1) involves a feature
or characteristic not necessary in the application of the component in the product covered by this specification or (2) is superseded
by a requirement in this specification.
6.5.3 An electrical or electronic component shall be used in accordance with its recognized rating established for the intended
conditions of use.
6.6 Electrical Component Temperature Increase:
6.6.1 Temperature increases shall be measured on the electrical components and enclosures of the blower assemblies and pellet
fuel feed assembly when tested in accordance with 10.1.3 and shall not be greater than those specified for the specific component
in Column 1 of Table 2.
6.6.2 Temperature increases shall be measured on the electrical components and enclosures of the blower assemblies and pellet
fuel feed assembly when tested in accordance with 10.1.4 and shall not be greater than those specified for the specific component
in Column 2 of Table 2.
7. Performance Requirements
7.1 Performance During Maximum Burning Conditions:
7.1.1 Maximum Temperature Increase—Maximum temperature increases above ambient temperature shall not exceed the
following limits when tested in accordance with 10.1.3:
7.1.1.1 Temperature of 117 °F (65 °C) on exposed surfaces of the test structure;
7.1.1.2 Temperature of 90 °F (50 °C) on unexposed surfaces of the test structure, such as beneath the heater or floor protector or
behind a wall-mounted shield; and
7.1.1.3 Temperature of 90 °F (50 °C) on surfaces of exhaust venting system parts at points of zero clearance to the test structure
and air inlet parts at points of zero clearance to the test structure.
7.1.1.4 The maximum values specified in Column 1 of Table 2 for the material used in any part of the room heater and exhaust
venting system, if provided as part of the heater.
7.1.2 Maximum Flue Gas Temperature for Listed Venting Systems:
7.1.2.1 The maximum temperature of the flue gases entering the chimney shall not exceed 930 °F (517 °C) above ambient
temperature if tested for use with connector pipe and a chimney listed to the requirements of UL 103 or ULC S629M.
7.1.2.2 The maximum temperature of the flue gases entering the exhaust venting system shall not exceed 500 °F (260 °C) above
ambient temperature if tested for use with a venting system listed to the requirements of UL 641 or ULC S609 and determined
suitable for use with solid fuel pellet-burning appliances.
7.1.3 Maximum Room Temperature—The room temperature shall not increase more than 20 °F (11 °C) above the value recorded
at the beginning of the test.
7.2 Performance with a Failed Component:
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7.2.1 Maximum Temperature Increase—Maximum temperature increases above ambient temperature shall not exceed the
following limits when tested in accordance with 10.1.4:
7.2.1.1 Temperature of 140 °F (78 °C) on exposed surfaces of the test structure;
7.2.1.2 Temperature of 140 °F (78 °C) on the room heater or exhaust venting system surface at points of zero clearance to the test
structure; and
7.2.1.3 Temperature of 140 °F (78 °C) on the surface beneath a floor protector installed on the area specified for the floor protector.
7.2.1.4 The maximum values specified in Column 2 of Table 2 for the material used in any part of the room heater and of an
exhaust venting system provided as part of the heater.
7.2.2 Maximum Room Temperature—The room temperature shall not increase more than 20 °F (11 °C) above the value recorded
at the beginning of each failed component test.
7.3 Combustion Products Leakage:
7.3.1 Carbon Monoxide Under Negative Pressure—Carbon monoxide concentration (ppm) above the ambient concentrations in
the test enclosure at the beginning of each test shall not exceeds the limits specified in Table 3. Limits are specified in terms of
maximum instantaneous concentration and levels not to be exceeded for specific periods of time.
7.3.2 Carbon Monoxide With Door Unlatched—Carbon monoxide concentrations shall not exceed 100 ppm during maximum
burning conditions with the door unlatched when tested in accordance with 10.1.3.
7.4 Operational Capability:
7.4.1 Convection Blower Speed Control—If a convection blower speed control is provided, the room heater shall remain operating
(that is, not trip overheat sensors), and not exceed any temperature limitation, when the convection blower speed control is set to
its lowest setting and the pellet fuel feed control is set to its highest setting.
7.4.2 Spillage—There shall be no ongoing spillage of products of combustion or flame from the heater during all testing
conditions.
NOTE 4—Intermittent or sporadic wisps of smoke (smoking not over 15 s at a time) is not to be regarded as ongoing spillage.
7.4.3 Continued Service—Following completion of the tests described in Section 10, a pellet fuel-burning room heater shall be
acceptable for further intended service by meeting the following criteria:
7.4.3.1 No part has become damaged or distorted permanently to an extent that it will not continue to function as intended.
7.4.3.2 Other than ordinary paint or porcelain enamel not intended to be a protective coating, the effectiveness of any required
protective coating or finish on metal parts has not been impaired.
7.4.3.3 A ceramic or refractory material does not show evidence of cracking, disintegration, or spilling to an extent that impairs
the serviceability of the part or assembly.
TABLE 3 Carbon Monoxide Concentration Limits
(Increase From Initial Concentration)
Test condition Maximum CO Not to Exceed
Door latched—Normal Shutdown 50 ppm 35 ppm for more than 1 h
Maximum Burn—Combustion 400 ppm 100 ppm for more than ⁄2 h
Blower Disabled—Door Latched
Maximum Burn—Door Latched— 250 ppm 50 ppm for more than 1 h
Vent Blocked
Power Failure from Maximum 250 ppm 100 ppm for more than ⁄2 h
Burn—Door Latched
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7.4.3.4 Cracks are not observable in porcelain enamel used as required protective coating (see 4.5) when the surface is examined
under a microscope of 60× magnification.
7.4.3.5 The reflectivity of a surface has not been impaired when the reflectivity of that surface is used to reduce fire risk.
7.4.3.6 The effectiveness of insulating material has not been reduced.
7.4.4 Visible Smoke—There shall be no visible smoke at the exhaust venting system termination, once the room heater has been
operating for 15 min, during all normal operating conditions.
NOTE 5—Emissions with an opacity greater than 20 %, when measured using the Ringelmann Smoke Chart, (see Test Method D3211) is considered visible
smoke.
7.4.5 Burnback to Fuel Hopper—There shall be no burnback to the fuel hopper when the heater is tested in accordance with 10.1.5.
NOTE 6—Indications of burnback include smoke within the fuel hopper or smoldering or charred pellet fuel.
7.5 Physical Integrity:
7.5.1 Glazing—The glazing of a pellet fuel-burning room heater shall not crack, break, or become dislodged when the heater is
tested in accordance with 10.2.1 and 10.2.2.
7.5.2 Rain Protection—The cap of an exhaust venting system specified for use with the room heater, when tested in accordance
with 10.2.3, shall not allow the ingress of rain to exceed 2 % of that which could enter the conduit or passageway if unprotected
by a cap.
NOTE 7—Caps listed for installation with and used with a venting system listed to the requirements of UL 641 or ULC S609, and determined to be suitable
for use with solid fuel pellet-burning appliances, do not require retesting to the requirements of this specification. Roof assemblies (terminations) listed
for installation with and used with factory-built chimneys listed to the requirements of UL 103 or ULC S629M do not require retesting to the requirements
of this specification.
7.6 Mechanical Integrity:
7.6.1 Stability—When the pellet fuel-burning room heater is tipped in any direction, the product of the minimum force in pounds
force (Newtons) required to tip the room heater, and the angle in degrees through which the room heater is tilted before falling
of its own accord, shall be 150 lbf degrees (667 N degrees) or more when tested in accordance with 10.3.1.
7.6.2 Post-Drop Test Integrity—Ceramic materials shall not break away, become dislodged, or show cracks more than ⁄64-in.
(0.4-mm) in. (0.4 mm) wide; welds shall not break, and the room heater assembly shall not be damaged to the extent that it is
unacceptable for further use when tested in accordance with 10.3.2.
8. Test Structure
8.1 The room heater to be tested shall be installed in a structure similar to that illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 constructed to
accommodate the product as it is to be tested.
8.2 The test structure shall be erected within a room having ventilation capable of maintaining carbon monoxide buildup to less
than 50 ppm throughout the duration of any test. The room shall be free of drafts, and the exhaust venting system is to exhaust
into the same space, or into a space freely communicating with the space, from which the combustion air is taken.
8.3 The temperature of the room and the entire test structure within the room shall be between 6060 °F and 90 °F (15.6(15.6 °C
and 32.2 °C) at the beginning of the maximum burning conditions test (see 10.1.3) and at the beginning of the test for each failed
condition during the component failure test (see 10.1.4).
8.4 Ventilating, combustion, or cooling air openings into the room heater shall be sealed unless the following conditions occur:
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