ASTM E309-95(2006)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
Standard Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this practice is to outline a procedure for the detection and location of discontinuities such as pits, voids, inclusions, cracks, or abrupt dimensional variations in ferromagnetic tubing using the electromagnetic (eddy-current) method. Furthermore, the relative severity of a discontinuity may be indicated, and a rejection level may be set with respect to the magnitude of the indication.
The response from natural discontinuities can be significantly different than that from artificial discontinuities such as drilled holes or notches. For this reason, sufficient work should be done to establish the sensitivity level and set-up required to detect natural discontinuities of consequence to the end use of the product.
Eddy-current examination systems are generally not sensitive to discontinuities adjacent to the ends of the tube. The extent of the end effect region can be determined in accordance with 8.6.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying the eddy-current method to detect discontinuities in ferromagnetic pipe and tubing (Note 0) where the article being examined is rendered substantially non-magnetic by the application of a concentrated, strong magnetic field in the region adjacent to the examining coil. For convenience, the term tube or tubular product will hereafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
1.2 The procedure is specifically applicable to eddy-current examination methods using an encircling-coil assembly. However, eddy-current techniques that employ either fixed or rotating probe-coil assemblies may be used to either enhance discontinuity sensitivity on the large diameter tubular products or to maximize the response received from a particular type of discontinuity.
1.3 This practice is intended for use on tubular products having outside diameters from approximately 1/4 to 10 in. (6.35 to 254.0 mm). These techniques have been used for smaller and larger sizes however, and may be specified upon contractual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E309 – 95 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practice for
Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using
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Magnetic Saturation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This specification has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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1. Scope cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
2 ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for applying the
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Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
eddy-current method to detect discontinuities in ferromagnetic
2.3 Military Standard:
pipe and tubing (Note 1) where the article being examined is
MIL-STD-410E Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifi-
rendered substantially non-magnetic by the application of a
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cation and Certification
concentrated,strongmagneticfieldintheregionadjacenttothe
examining coil.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—For convenience, the term tube or tubular product will
3.1 General—Standard terminology relating to electromag-
hereafter be used to refer to both pipe and tubing.
netic examination may be found in Terminology E1316,
1.2 The procedure is specifically applicable to eddy-current
Section C, “Electromagnetic Testing.”
examination methods using an encircling-coil assembly. How-
4. Summary of Practice
ever, eddy-current techniques that employ either fixed or
rotating probe-coil assemblies may be used to either enhance 4.1 The examination is conducted using one of two general
discontinuity sensitivity on the large diameter tubular products
techniques shown in Fig. 1.
or to maximize the response received from a particular type of 4.1.1 Onetechniqueemploysoneormoreexciterandsensor
discontinuity.
coils that encircle the tube and through which the tubular
1.3 This practice is intended for use on tubular products product to be examined is passed. Some circuit configurations
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having outside diameters from approximately ⁄4 to 10 in. (6.35
employ one or more coils that concurrently function as both
to254.0mm).Thesetechniqueshavebeenusedforsmallerand exciters and sensors. Alternating current passes through the
larger sizes however, and may be specified upon contractual exciting coil which, by reason of its proximity, induces
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
corresponding currents (eddy currents) to flow in the tubular
product. The sensor coil detects the resultant electromagnetic
2. Referenced Documents
flux related to these currents.The presence of discontinuities in
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
the tubular product will alter the normal flow of currents and
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestruc-
this change is detected by the sensor. The encircling-coil
tive Testing
technique is capable of examining the entire circumference of
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
a tubular product.
2.2 Other Documents:
4.1.2 Another technique employs a probe coil with one or
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
more sensors that are in close proximity to the surface of the
tubular product to be examined. Since the probe is generally
small and does not encircle the article being examined, it
1 examines only a limited area in the vicinity of the probe. This
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on technique is frequently used for examination of welded tubular
Electromagnetic Method.
productsinwhichonlytheweldisexaminedbyscanningalong
Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published July 2006. Originally approved
the weld zone.
in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E309 - 95(2001). DOI:
10.1520/E0309-95R06.
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For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Recom-
mended Practice SE 309 in Section V of that Code.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
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E309 – 95 (2006)
(a)Encircling Coil.
(b) Probe Coil—longitudinal sca
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