ASTM E1360-05
(Practice)Standard Practice for Specifying Color by Using the Optical Society of America Uniform Color Scales System
Standard Practice for Specifying Color by Using the Optical Society of America Uniform Color Scales System
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a means for specifying the colors of objects in terms of the Optical Society of America Uniform Color Scales. Both computational and visual methods are included. The practice is limited to opaque objects, such as painted surfaces, viewed in daylight by an observer having normal color vision.
1.2 This practice does not cover the preparation of specimens. If the preparation of specimens is required in conjunction with this practice, a mutually agreed upon procedure shall be established.
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Designation: E1360 – 05
Standard Practice for
Specifying Color by Using the Optical Society of America
1
Uniform Color Scales System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1360; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
TheOpticalSocietyofAmericaUniformColorScales(OSA-UCS)weredevelopedbyacommittee
oftheOpticalSocietyofAmericaintheyearsbetween1947and1974inanefforttoprovideasystem
2
andasetofsamplesthatrepresenttheclosestpossibleapproximationtoequalvisualspacing(1). The
system is defined by a set of equations derived from the results of visual scaling experiments and
related to the 1964 CIE system. The OSA sample set consisted of 558 atlas samples that fell at the
lattice points of a rhombohedral close-packed arrangement within the color space defined by the
equations. The unit in this spacing is a cuboctahedron, each color being surrounded by twelve
equidistant nearest neighbors. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Fig. 3 shows a OSA-UCS lightness plane plotted
on the CIE 1964 chromaticity diagram. The OSA-UCS system is described in Appendix X1.
The system is independent of the OSA-UCS atlas samples, and other groups of samples could be
chosenwithinthedefinedcolorspace;however,forthevisualdeterminationofcolorsdescribedinthis
standard, the OSA set of samples is used.
1. Scope D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
1.1 This practice provides a means for specifying the colors
3
E284 Terminology of Appearance
of objects in terms of the Optical Society ofAmerica Uniform
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
Color Scales. Both computational and visual methods are
Using the CIE System
included. The practice is limited to opaque objects, such as
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for
painted surfaces, viewed in daylight by an observer having
Object-Color Evaluation
normal color vision.
1.2 This practice does not cover the preparation of speci-
3. Terminology
mens. If the preparation of specimens is required in conjunc-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tion with this practice, a mutually agreed upon procedure shall
3.1.1 chromaticness, n—an attribute of a visual sensation
be established.
combining hue and chroma; the visual correlate of the colori-
2. Referenced Documents metric quantity chomaticity.
3
3.1.2 hue, n—the attribute of color perception by means of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
which an object is judged to be red, yellow, green, blue, or
D1535 PracticeforSpecifyingColorbytheMunsellSystem
intermediate between some adjacent pair of these. In the
OSA-UCS system each hue is denoted by its angle within a
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E12 on Color and
360° circle beginning in the yellow direction on the right hand
AppearanceandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE12.07onColorOrder
sideofthehuecircleandproceedingcounterclockwisethrough
Systems.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published June 2005. Originally
the greens, blues, and reds to return to the yellow hue, 360, on
´1
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E1360–90(2000) .
the+j axis.
DOI: 10.1520/E1360-05.
2 3.1.3 OSA-UCS color system, n—Optical Society of
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
America Uniform Color Scales color order system based on
this practice.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
equality of visual spacing, which uses the lightness scale 6L
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
andtheopponent-colorscales 6j(yellowness-blueness)and 6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
g(greenness-redness).AcolorintheOSA-UCSsystemmaybe
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E1360 – 05
describedbyitsL,j,gnotationorbyitslightness,L;hueangle,
h , and chroma, c , designation.
OSA OSA
NOTE 1—The conventional terms yellowness, greenness, blueness, and
redness are used throughout this practice for convenience. However, this
does not imply that the j and g axes indicate the locations of the
corresponding unitary hues: The+j axis closely approximates the direc-
tion toward unitary yellow; but the+g axis divides the green and blue
regions, the−j axis divides the blue and purple regions, and the− g axis
locates pinks and magentas. It is probably best to think of j and
...
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