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ASTM D4626-95(2000)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors

Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for calculating gas chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromatographic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room temperature and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those compounds that react in the chromatograph or are not quantitatively eluted. Normal C 6  through C 11  paraffins have been chosen as model compounds for demonstration purposes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2000
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0L - Gas Chromatography Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4626-95(2005) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7796-21 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D2804-22 - Standard Test Method for Purity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone By Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6417-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Engine Oil Volatility by Capillary Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7807-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Hydrocarbon and Sulfur Components of Petroleum Distillates by Gas Chromatography and Chemiluminescence Detection
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7398-21 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7165-22 - Standard Practice for Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-line Analysis for Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D3524-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6968-03(2015) - Standard Test Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Sulfur Compounds and Minor Hydrocarbons in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Atomic Emission Detection (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7798-20 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates with Final Boiling Points up to 538 °C by Ultra Fast Gas Chromatography (UF GC)
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7096-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D2887-22e1 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6352-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 °C to 700 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM F3417-20 - Standard Test Method for Gas Chromatography Analysis of Petroleum Waxes Used in Equestrian Synthetic Surfaces
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D5501-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 % Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000

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ASTM D4626-95(2000) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response FactorsASTM D4626-95(2000) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
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ASTM D4626-95(2000) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4626–95 (Reapproved 2000)
Designation: 378/87
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4626; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3465 Practice for Purity of Monomeric Plasticizers by
Gas Chromatography
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for calculating gas
D 3545 Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity of
chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromato-
Acetate Esters by Gas Chromatography
graphic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any
D 3695 Test Method for Volatile Alcohols in Water by
mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room tempera-
Direct Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography
ture and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution
D 4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those com-
Analytical Standards
poundsthatreactinthechromatographorarenotquantitatively
E 260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
eluted. Normal C through C paraffins have been chosen as
6 11
model compounds for demonstration purposes.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for infor-
3.1.1 response factor (R)—a constant of proportionality
mation only.
used to convert the observed chromatographic response of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specific compounds to either mass or volume percent compo-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sition. The observed response may be measured as peak areas
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or peak heights. Depending on the calculation formula, the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
response factor (R) is applied by either multiplying or dividing
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the observed response by the determined factor.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 In this practice, the response factors determined are
multiplying factors.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2268 Test Method forAnalysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
4. Summary of Practice
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
4.1 Individual C to C n-paraffins are precisely weighed
6 11
D 2427 Test Method for Determination of C Through C
2 5
2 and combined in an inert, tight-sealing glass vial. Different
Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas Chromatography
concentration levels of the blend components to cover concen-
D 2804 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone by
3 tration ranges of interest may be obtained by dilution with a
Gas Chromatography
suitable solvent. As diluent, a n-paraffin, such as n-dodecane,
D 2998 Test Method for Polyhydric Alcohols in Alkyd
4 that is, higher boiling than the blend components is suitable.
Resins
The quantitative blends are analyzed, in duplicate, by gas
D 3329 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
3 chromatography using either thermal conductivity, flame-
by Gas Chromatography
ionization or other forms of detection. From the mass or
D 3362 Test Method for Purity of Acrylate Esters by Gas
3 volume composition of the blend and the raw area or peak
Chromatography
height measurements, mass or volume response or relative
response factors for each blend component are calculated.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0L
on Gas Chromatography. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
published as D 4626 – 86. Last previous edition D 4626 – 90. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
2 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D02-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. 1200.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4626
5. Significance and Use 7.4 Solvent,usedasadiluenttovaryconcentrationsofblend
components. A suitable solvent is one that is relatively non-
5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the
volatile, miscible with all sample components and, preferably,
analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas
well resolved chromatographically from all mixture compo-
chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of speci-
nents. In this model, n-C is used.
fied reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is
given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibra-
8. Procedure
tion or response factors. Test Methods D 2268, D 2427,
8.1 Instrument Preparation—Install the chromatographic
D 2804, D 2998, D 3329, D 3362, D 3465, D 3545, and
columns and establish the flow rates and operating tempera-
D 3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this
tures as specified in the method for which calibration is being
void by providing a detailed reference procedure for calculat-
performed. Refer to Practice E 260 for specific instructions.
ing response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard
Condition the columns at their required operating temperature
blend of C to C n-paraffins using n-C as the diluent.
6 11 12
until a stable baseline is established at the requ
...

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Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors

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5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of specified reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibration or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804, D2998, D3329, D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this void by providing a detailed reference procedure for calculating response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard blend of C6 to C11 n-paraffins using n-C12 as the diluent.  
5.2 In practice, response factors are used to correct peak areas to a common base prior to final calculation of the sample composition. The response factors calculated in this practice are “multipliers” and prior to final calculation of the results the area obtained for each compound in the sample should be multiplied by the response factor determined for that compound.  
5.3 It has been determined that values for response factors will vary with individual installations. This may be caused by variations in instrument design, columns, and experimental techniques. It is necessary that chromatographs be individually calibrated to obtain the most accurate data.
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1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromatographic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room temperature and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those compounds that react in the chromatograph or are not quantitatively eluted. Normal C6 through C11  paraffins have been chosen as model compounds for demonstration purposes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Test methods to determine oxygenates, benzene, and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet new fuel regulations.  
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5.1 Benzene is a compound that endangers health, and the concentration is limited by environmental protection agencies to produce a less toxic gasoline.  
5.2 This test method is fast, simple to run, and inexpensive.  
5.3 This test method is applicable for quality control in the production and distribution of spark-ignition engine fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is applicable to concentrations from 0.1 % to 5 % by volume.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the quantitative determination of total olefins in the C4 to C10 range in spark-ignition engine fuels or related hydrocarbon streams, such as naphthas and cracked naphthas. Olefin concentrations in the range from 0.2 % by liquid-volume or mass to 5.0 % by liquid-volume or mass, or both, can be determined directly on the as-received sample whereas olefins in samples containing higher concentrations are determined after appropriate sample dilution prior to analysis.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples containing alcohols and ethers; however, samples containing greater than 15 % alcohol must be diluted. Samples containing greater than 5.0 % ether must also be diluted to the 5.0 % or less level, prior to analysis. When ethyl-tert-butylether is present, only olefins in the C4 to C9 range can be determined.  
1.3 This test method can not be used to determine individual olefin components.  
1.4 This test method can not be used to determine olefins having higher carbon numbers than C10.
Note 1: Precision was determined only on samples containing MTBE and ethanol.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D6379-21e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate quantitative information on aromatic hydrocarbon types can be useful in determining the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels. This information can also be useful for indicating the quality of fuels and for assessing the relative combustion properties of finished fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic and di-aromatic hydrocarbon contents in aviation kerosenes and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 50 °C to 300 °C, such as Jet A or Jet A-1 fuels. The total aromatic content is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon-types.  
Note 1: Samples with a final boiling point greater than 300 °C that contain tri-aromatic and higher polycyclic aromatic compounds are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method D6591 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to distillates containing from 0.8 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.23 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.7 % to 50 % by mass total aromatics. Although this method generates results in m/m, results may also be quoted in v/v.  
1.3 The precision of this test method has been established for kerosene boiling range distillates containing from 0.40 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.02 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.40 % to 50.0 % by mass total aromatics. If results are quoted in volume, the precision is 0.3 % to 41.4 % by volume mono-aromatics, 0.01 % to 5.00 % by volume di-aromatics, and 0.30 % to 46.3 % by volume total aromatics. As calculated by IP 367-1.  
1.4 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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