iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D4626-95(2000)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors

Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for calculating gas chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromatographic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room temperature and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those compounds that react in the chromatograph or are not quantitatively eluted. Normal C 6  through C 11  paraffins have been chosen as model compounds for demonstration purposes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2000
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0L - Gas Chromatography Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4626-95(2005) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7796-21 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D2804-22 - Standard Test Method for Purity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone By Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6417-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Engine Oil Volatility by Capillary Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7807-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Hydrocarbon and Sulfur Components of Petroleum Distillates by Gas Chromatography and Chemiluminescence Detection
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7398-21 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7165-22 - Standard Practice for Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-line Analysis for Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D3524-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6968-03(2015) - Standard Test Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Sulfur Compounds and Minor Hydrocarbons in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Atomic Emission Detection (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7798-20 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates with Final Boiling Points up to 538 °C by Ultra Fast Gas Chromatography (UF GC)
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7096-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D2887-22e1 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D6352-19e1 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174 °C to 700 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM F3417-20 - Standard Test Method for Gas Chromatography Analysis of Petroleum Waxes Used in Equestrian Synthetic Surfaces
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000
Referred By
ASTM D5501-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20 % Ethanol by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000

Buy Standard

ASTM D4626-95(2000) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response FactorsASTM D4626-95(2000) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D4626-95(2000) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4626–95 (Reapproved 2000)
Designation: 378/87
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4626; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3465 Practice for Purity of Monomeric Plasticizers by
Gas Chromatography
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for calculating gas
D 3545 Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity of
chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromato-
Acetate Esters by Gas Chromatography
graphic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any
D 3695 Test Method for Volatile Alcohols in Water by
mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room tempera-
Direct Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography
ture and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution
D 4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those com-
Analytical Standards
poundsthatreactinthechromatographorarenotquantitatively
E 260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
eluted. Normal C through C paraffins have been chosen as
6 11
model compounds for demonstration purposes.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for infor-
3.1.1 response factor (R)—a constant of proportionality
mation only.
used to convert the observed chromatographic response of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
specific compounds to either mass or volume percent compo-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sition. The observed response may be measured as peak areas
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or peak heights. Depending on the calculation formula, the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
response factor (R) is applied by either multiplying or dividing
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the observed response by the determined factor.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 In this practice, the response factors determined are
multiplying factors.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2268 Test Method forAnalysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
4. Summary of Practice
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
4.1 Individual C to C n-paraffins are precisely weighed
6 11
D 2427 Test Method for Determination of C Through C
2 5
2 and combined in an inert, tight-sealing glass vial. Different
Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas Chromatography
concentration levels of the blend components to cover concen-
D 2804 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone by
3 tration ranges of interest may be obtained by dilution with a
Gas Chromatography
suitable solvent. As diluent, a n-paraffin, such as n-dodecane,
D 2998 Test Method for Polyhydric Alcohols in Alkyd
4 that is, higher boiling than the blend components is suitable.
Resins
The quantitative blends are analyzed, in duplicate, by gas
D 3329 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
3 chromatography using either thermal conductivity, flame-
by Gas Chromatography
ionization or other forms of detection. From the mass or
D 3362 Test Method for Purity of Acrylate Esters by Gas
3 volume composition of the blend and the raw area or peak
Chromatography
height measurements, mass or volume response or relative
response factors for each blend component are calculated.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0L
on Gas Chromatography. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
published as D 4626 – 86. Last previous edition D 4626 – 90. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
2 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
3 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D02-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. 1200.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4626
5. Significance and Use 7.4 Solvent,usedasadiluenttovaryconcentrationsofblend
components. A suitable solvent is one that is relatively non-
5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the
volatile, miscible with all sample components and, preferably,
analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas
well resolved chromatographically from all mixture compo-
chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of speci-
nents. In this model, n-C is used.
fied reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is
given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibra-
8. Procedure
tion or response factors. Test Methods D 2268, D 2427,
8.1 Instrument Preparation—Install the chromatographic
D 2804, D 2998, D 3329, D 3362, D 3465, D 3545, and
columns and establish the flow rates and operating tempera-
D 3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this
tures as specified in the method for which calibration is being
void by providing a detailed reference procedure for calculat-
performed. Refer to Practice E 260 for specific instructions.
ing response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard
Condition the columns at their required operating temperature
blend of C to C n-paraffins using n-C as the diluent.
6 11 12
until a stable baseline is established at the requ
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D5986-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates, Benzene, Toluene, C8–C12 Aromatics and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test methods to determine oxygenates, benzene, and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet new fuel regulations.  
5.2 This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of oxygenates: methyl-t-butylether (MTBE), di-isopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl-t-butylether (ETBE), t-amylmethyl ether (TAME), methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 2-propanol (2-PrOH), t-butanol (t-BuOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), 2-butanol (2-BuOH), i-butanol (i-BuOH), 1-butanol (1-BuOH); benzene, toluene and C8–C12 aromatics, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chromatography/Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FTIR).  
1.2 This test method covers the following concentration ranges: 0.1 % to 20 % by volume per component for ethers and alcohols; 0.1 % to 2 % by volume benzene; 1 % to 15 % by volume for toluene, 10 % to 40 % by volume total (C6–C12) aromatics.  
1.3 The method has not been tested by ASTM for refinery individual hydrocarbon process streams, such as reformates, fluid catalytic cracking naphthas, etc., used in blending of gasolines.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4626-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of specified reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibration or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804, D2998, D3329, D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this void by providing a detailed reference procedure for calculating response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard blend of C6 to C11 n-paraffins using n-C12 as the diluent.  
5.2 In practice, response factors are used to correct peak areas to a common base prior to final calculation of the sample composition. The response factors calculated in this practice are “multipliers” and prior to final calculation of the results the area obtained for each compound in the sample should be multiplied by the response factor determined for that compound.  
5.3 It has been determined that values for response factors will vary with individual installations. This may be caused by variations in instrument design, columns, and experimental techniques. It is necessary that chromatographs be individually calibrated to obtain the most accurate data.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromatographic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room temperature and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those compounds that react in the chromatograph or are not quantitatively eluted. Normal C6 through C11  paraffins have been chosen as model compounds for demonstration purposes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7169-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmospheric and Vacuum Residues by High Temperature Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the boiling point distribution of crude oils and vacuum residues, as well as other petroleum fractions, yields important information for refinery operation. These boiling point distributions provide information as to the potential mass percent yield of products. This test method may provide useful information that can aid in establishing operational conditions in the refinery. Knowledge of the amount of residue produced is important in determining the economics of the refining process.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling point distribution and cut point intervals of crude oils and residues by using high temperature gas chromatography. The amount of residue (or sample recovery) is determined using an external standard.  
1.2 This test method extends the applicability of simulated distillation to samples that do not elute completely from the chromatographic system. This test method is used to determine the boiling point distribution through a temperature of 720 °C. This temperature corresponds to the elution of n-C100.  
1.3 This test method is used for the determination of boiling point distribution of crude oils. This test method uses capillary columns with thin films, which results in the incomplete separation of C4-C8 in the presence of large amounts of carbon disulfide, and thus yields an unreliable boiling point distribution corresponding to this elution interval. In addition, quenching of the response of the detector employed to hydrocarbons eluting during carbon disulfide elution, results in unreliable quantitative analysis of the boiling distribution in the C4-C8 region. Since the detector does not quantitatively measure the carbon disulfide, its subtraction from the sample using a solvent-only injection and corrections to this region via quenching factors, results in an approximate determination of the net chromatographic area. A separate, higher resolution gas chromatograph (GC) analysis of the light end portion of the sample may be necessary in order to obtain a more accurate description of the boiling point curve in the interval in question as described in Test Method D7900 (see Appendix X1).  
1.4 This test method is also designed to obtain the boiling point distribution of other incompletely eluting samples such as atmospheric residues, vacuum residues, etc., that are characterized by the fact that the sample components are resolved from the solvent.  
1.5 A correlation between boiling range distribution results from Test Method D2892, and the weight percentage data determined via this method, is presented in Appendix X2.  
1.6 This test method is not applicable for the analysis of materials containing a heterogeneous component such as polyesters and polyolefins.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    23 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    23 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4628-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some oils are formulated with metal-containing additives that act as detergents, antioxidants, antiwear agents, etc. Some of these additives contain one or more of these metals: barium, calcium, zinc, and magnesium. This test method provides a means of determining the concentration of these metals that gives an indication of the additive content in these oils.  
5.2 Several additive metals and their compounds are added to the lubricating oils to give beneficial performance. (See Table 1.)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is applicable for the determination of mass percent barium from 0.005 % to 1.0 %, calcium and magnesium from 0.002 % to 0.3 %, and zinc from 0.002 % to 0.2 % in lubricating oils.  
1.2 Higher concentrations can be determined by appropriate dilution. Lower concentrations of metals such as barium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc at about 10 ppm level can also be determined by this test method. Use of this test method for the determination at these lower concentrations should be by agreement between the buyer and the seller.  
1.3 Lubricating oils that contain viscosity index improvers may give low results when calibrations are performed using standards that do not contain viscosity index improvers.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 4.1, 7.3, and 9.1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6159-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbon Impurities in Ethylene by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 High-purity ethylene is required as a feedstock for some manufacturing processes and the presence of trace amounts of certain hydrocarbon impurities can have deleterious effects. This test method is suitable for setting specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in development or research work.  
4.2 This test method does not detect such impurities as H2O, CO, CO2, and alcohols that may be present in the sample. Hydrocarbons higher than n-decane cannot be analyzed by this test method, if present in the sample. Test Method D2504 addresses the analysis of noncondensable gases and Test Method D2505 addresses the analysis of CO2. Guide D5234 describes all potential impurities present in ethylene. These standards should be consulted when determining the total concentration of impurities in ethylene.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of methane, ethane, propane, propene, acetylene, iso-butane, propadiene, butane, trans-2-butene, butene-1, isobutene, cis-2-butene, methyl acetylene and 1,3-butadiene in high-purity ethylene. The purity of the ethylene can be calculated by subtracting the total percentage of all impurities from 100.00 %. Since this test method does not determine all possible impurities such as CO, CO2, H2O, alcohols, nitrogen oxides, and carbonyl sulfide, as well as hydrocarbons higher than decane, additional tests may be necessary to fully characterize the ethylene sample.  
1.2 Data are reported in this test method as ppmV (parts per million by gaseous volume) and ppmMol (parts per million Mol). This test method was evaluated in an interlaboratory cooperative study in the concentration range of 4 ppmV to 340 ppmV (2 mg/kg to 204 mg/kg). The participants in the interlaboratory cooperative study reported the data in non-SI units. Wherever possible, SI units are included.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7319-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol and Butanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfates and chlorides can be found in filter plugging deposits and fuel injector deposits. The acceptability for use of the fuel components and the finished fuels depends on the sulfate and chloride content.  
5.2 Existent and potential inorganic sulfate and total chloride content, as measured by this test method, can be used as one measure of the acceptability of gasoline components for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a direct injection ion chromatographic procedure for determining existent and potential inorganic sulfate and total inorganic chloride content in hydrous and anhydrous denatured ethanol and butanol to be used in motor fuel applications. It is intended for the analysis of ethanol and butanol samples containing between 1.0 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg of existent or potential inorganic sulfate and 1.0 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg of inorganic chloride.
Note 1: Tertiary butanol is not included in this test method. 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and isobutanol are included in the testing and research report for this test method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8470-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Development and Implementation of Instrument Performance Tests for Use on Multivariate Online, At-Line and Laboratory Spectroscopic Based Analyzer Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 If ASTM Committee E13 has not specified an appropriate test procedure for a specific type of instrument, or if the sample specified by a Committee E13 procedure is incompatible with the intended instrument operation, then this practice can be used to develop practical performance tests.  
4.1.1 For instruments which are equipped with permanent or semi-permanent sampling accessories, the test sample specified in a Committee E13 practice may not be compatible with the instrument configuration. For example, for FT-MIR instruments equipped with transmittance or IRS flow cells, tests based on putting polystyrene films into the sample position are impractical. In such cases, this practice suggests means by which the recommended test procedures can be modified by changing the test material or the location of the recommended test material.  
4.1.2 For instruments used in process measurements, the choice of test materials may be limited due to process contamination and safety considerations. The practice suggests means of developing performance tests based on materials which are compatible with the intended use of the analyzer.  
4.2 Tests developed using the practice are intended to allow the user to compare the performance of an instrument on any given day with prior performance, and specifically to compare performance during calibration of the analyzer to performance during validation of the analyzer and during routine use of the analyzer. The tests are intended to uncover malfunctions or other changes in instrument operation, but they are not designed to diagnose or quantitatively assess the malfunction or change. The tests are not intended for the comparison of analyzers of different manufacture.  
4.3 Tests developed using this practice are also intended to allow the user to compare the performance of a primary analyzer used in development of a multivariate model to the performance of secondary analyzers used to apply that model for the analysis of process or p...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers basic procedures that can be used to develop instrument performance tests for spectroscopic based online, at-line, laboratory and field analyzers. The practice is intended to be applicable to Raman spectrometers and to infrared spectrophotometers operating in the near-infrared and mid-infrared regions.  
1.2 This practice is not intended as a replacement for specific practices, such as Practices E275, E925, E932, E958, E1421, or E1683 that exist for measuring performance of specific types of laboratory spectroscopic instruments. Instead, this practice is intended to provide guidelines as to how similar practices should be developed when specific practices do not exist for a particular instrument type, or when specific practices are not applicable due to sampling or safety concerns. This practice can be used to develop instrument performance tests for on-line process spectroscopic-based analyzers.  
1.2.1 The performance tests described in this practice typically only evaluate the performance of the infrared spectrophotometer or Raman spectrometer part of the analyzer system, referred to herein as the instrument.  
1.2.2 Instrument performance tests do not typically evaluate performance of analyzer sampling systems.  
1.3 This practice describes univariate level zero and level one tests, and multivariate level A and level B tests which can be implemented to measure instrument performance. These tests are designed to be used as rapid, routine checks of instrument performance. They are designed to uncover malfunctions or other changes in instrument operation, but do not specifically diagnose or quantitatively assess the malfunction or change. The tests are not intended for the comparison of instruments or analyzers of different manufacture.  
1.4 The instrument performance tests described in this practice are used during the development of multivariate calibrations via Practice D8321 to establ...

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6277-07(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene in Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Benzene is a compound that endangers health, and the concentration is limited by environmental protection agencies to produce a less toxic gasoline.  
5.2 This test method is fast, simple to run, and inexpensive.  
5.3 This test method is applicable for quality control in the production and distribution of spark-ignition engine fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of benzene in spark-ignition engine fuels. It is applicable to concentrations from 0.1 % to 5 % by volume.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6296-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Olefins in Spark-ignition Engine Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The quantitative determination of olefins in spark-ignition engine fuels is required to comply with government regulations.  
5.2 Knowledge of the total olefin content provides a means to monitor the efficiency of catalytic cracking processes.  
5.3 This test method provides better precision for olefin content than Test Method D1319. It also provides data in a much shorter time, approximately 20 min following calibration, and maximizes automation to reduce operator labor.  
5.4 This test method is not applicable to M85 or E85 fuels, which contain 85 % methanol and ethanol, respectively.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the quantitative determination of total olefins in the C4 to C10 range in spark-ignition engine fuels or related hydrocarbon streams, such as naphthas and cracked naphthas. Olefin concentrations in the range from 0.2 % by liquid-volume or mass to 5.0 % by liquid-volume or mass, or both, can be determined directly on the as-received sample whereas olefins in samples containing higher concentrations are determined after appropriate sample dilution prior to analysis.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples containing alcohols and ethers; however, samples containing greater than 15 % alcohol must be diluted. Samples containing greater than 5.0 % ether must also be diluted to the 5.0 % or less level, prior to analysis. When ethyl-tert-butylether is present, only olefins in the C4 to C9 range can be determined.  
1.3 This test method can not be used to determine individual olefin components.  
1.4 This test method can not be used to determine olefins having higher carbon numbers than C10.
Note 1: Precision was determined only on samples containing MTBE and ethanol.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6379-21e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate quantitative information on aromatic hydrocarbon types can be useful in determining the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels. This information can also be useful for indicating the quality of fuels and for assessing the relative combustion properties of finished fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic and di-aromatic hydrocarbon contents in aviation kerosenes and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 50 °C to 300 °C, such as Jet A or Jet A-1 fuels. The total aromatic content is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon-types.  
Note 1: Samples with a final boiling point greater than 300 °C that contain tri-aromatic and higher polycyclic aromatic compounds are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method D6591 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to distillates containing from 0.8 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.23 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.7 % to 50 % by mass total aromatics. Although this method generates results in m/m, results may also be quoted in v/v.  
1.3 The precision of this test method has been established for kerosene boiling range distillates containing from 0.40 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.02 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.40 % to 50.0 % by mass total aromatics. If results are quoted in volume, the precision is 0.3 % to 41.4 % by volume mono-aromatics, 0.01 % to 5.00 % by volume di-aromatics, and 0.30 % to 46.3 % by volume total aromatics. As calculated by IP 367-1.  
1.4 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off