ASTM D8280-20a

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Blooming of Brominated Flame Retardants onto the Surface of Plastic Materials by Ion Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method will allow the quantitative determination of the bromine originating from the flame retardant that has bloomed onto the surface after aging under specified conditions. Based on the known structure of the flame retardant used, the amount of the flame retardant that bloomed can also be calculated.  
5.2 Section 14 contains some safety recommendations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantification of the blooming of brominated flame retardants onto the surface of plastic materials by an ion chromatographic method.  
1.2 The test method involves recovery of the deposits on the surface of plastic materials, containing brominated flame retardants, on unaged specimens, on specimens aged at 70°C for 14 days and on specimens aged at 70°C for 35 days. These deposits are quantitatively analyzed to obtain the fraction of brominated flame retardant that has bloomed onto the surface.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2020
• ICS: 83.060 - Rubber
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.70 - Analytical Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8280 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Blooming of Brominated Flame
Retardants onto the Surface of Plastic Materials by Ion
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3045Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
1.1 This test method covers the quantification of the bloom-
E176Terminology of Fire Standards
ing of brominated flame retardants onto the surface of plastic
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
materials by an ion chromatographic method.
ISO188Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic—Accelerated
1.2 Thetestmethodinvolvesrecoveryofthedepositsonthe
ageing and heat resistance tests
surface of plastic materials, containing brominated flame
retardants, on unaged specimens, on specimens aged at 70°C
3. Terminology
for 14 days and on specimens aged at 70°C for 35 days. These
3.1 Definitions of Terms:
deposits are quantitatively analyzed to obtain the fraction of
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and
brominated flame retardant that has bloomed onto the surface.
associated with plastics refer to Terminology D883.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.1 blooming, n—the formation of a visible exudation or
standard.
efflorescence on the surface of a plastic.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Additives typically have a higher solu-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bility in the polymer at processing temperature than at ambient
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature (since processing temperature is usually above
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ambient). Blooming occurs when, after cooling, a portion of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the additive segregates out of the cooled polymer at ambient
temperature and in some instances, migrates to the surface of
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
the polymer.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.2 flame retardant, n—a substance which, when added to
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
a combustible material, inhibits flame spread of the resulting
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
substance or material when exposed to flame impingement
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(Terminology E176).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Flame retardants may be incorporated
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
inplasticsasadditives(additiveflameretardant)oraschemical
groups in the base polymer by use of reactive intermediates in
2. Referenced Documents
the polymerization process (reactive flame retardant).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D573Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air
4. Summary of Test Method
Oven
4.1 The test method presents a procedure for the quantifi-
cation of the blooming of brominated flame retardants onto the
surface of plastic materials.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
4.2 The first stage involves the aging of two sets of samples
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
of plastic materials at 70°C for 14 and 35 days, respectively,
approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D8280-20. DOI:
which are compared to a set of unaged materials.
10.1520/D8280-20A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D8280 − 20a
NOTE 2—Test Method D573, Practice D3045, and ISO188 provide
7.3 Sodiu
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8280 − 20 D8280 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Blooming of Brominated Flame
Retardants onto the Surface of Plastic Materials by Ion
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the quantification of the blooming of brominated flame retardants onto the surface of plastic
materials by an ion chromatographic method.
1.2 The test method involves recovery of the deposits on the surface of plastic materials, containing brominated flame
retardants, on unaged specimens, on specimens aged at 70°C for 14 days and on specimens aged at 70°C for 35 days. These
deposits are quantitatively analyzed to obtain the fraction of brominated flame retardant that has bloomed onto the surface.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D573 Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air Oven
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3045 Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 188 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic—Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with plastics refer to Terminology D883.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 blooming, n—the formation of a visible exudation or efflorescence on the surface of a plastic.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Additives typically have a higher solubility in the polymer at processing temperature than at ambient temperature (since processing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020April 1, 2020. Published January 2020April 2020. Originally approved in 2020. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
D8280 - 20. DOI: 10.1520/D8280-20.10.1520/D8280-20A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8280 − 20a
temperature is usually above ambient). Blooming occurs when, after cooling, a portion of the additive segregates out of the cooled
polymer at ambient temperature and in some instances, migrates to the surface of the polymer.
3.2.2 flame retardant, n—a substance which, when added to a combustible material, inhibits flame spread of the resulting
substance or material when exposed to flame impingement (Terminology E176).
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
Flame retardants may be incorporated in plastics as additives (additive flame retardant) or as chemical groups in the base polymer
by use of reactive intermediates in the polymerization process (reactive flame retardant).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test method presents a procedure for the quantification of the blooming of brominated flame retardants onto the surface
of plastic materials.
4.2 The first stage involves the ag
...