ASTM D1475-98(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Density is weight per unit volume. It is a key property in the identification, characterization, and quality control of a wide range of materials. Density measurements in terms of weight per gallon are commonly used to check paint quality. If the density is not within specification, there is a good chance that there was a mischarge or other serious problem.
This test method is suitable for the determination of density of paint and related products and components when in liquid form. It is particularly applicable when the fluid has too high a viscosity or when a component is too volatile for a density balance determination.
This test method provides for the maximum accuracy required for hiding power determinations. It is equally suitable for work in which less accuracy is required, by ignoring the directions for recalibration and consideration of temperature differentials, and using as the container a “weight-per-gallon” cup.
Automatic equipment for measuring density is available (see Test Method D 4052) from several manufacturers. Such apparatus has been used for resins and latices as well as for oils and solvents. Before such equipment is used for a given product, results must be checked very carefully. Particularly with paints, inks, and resins, there are possibilities of gumming, fouling, and other interferences with operation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of density of paints, inks, varnishes, lacquers, and components thereof, other than pigments, when in fluid form.
1.2 For higher precision when working with nonpigmented materials (drying oils, varnishes, resins and related materials), Test Method D 1963 can be used to determine specific gravity and, thence, density.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precaution statement is given in 8.1.1.1.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1475–98(Reapproved2003)
Standard Test Method For
Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 density—the mass of a unit volume of a material at a
specified temperature. In this method, it is expressed as the
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of density of
weight in grams per millilitre, or as the weight in pounds
paints,inks,varnishes,lacquers,andcomponentsthereof,other
avoirdupois of one U. S. gallon, of the liquid at the specified
than pigments, when in fluid form.
temperature; in the absence of other temperature specification,
1.2 For higher precision when working with nonpigmented
25°C is assumed.
materials (drying oils, varnishes, resins and related materials),
3.1.2 specific gravity (relative density)—the ratio of the
Test Method D 1963 can be used to determine specific gravity
mass of a unit volume of a material at a stated temperature to
and, thence, density.
the mass of the same volume of distilled water at the same
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
temperature.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only,
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Theaccuratelyknownabsolutedensityofdistilledwater
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
at various temperatures (Table 1) is used to calibrate the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
volume of a container. The weight of the paint liquid contents
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of the same container at the standard temperature (25°C) or at
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-
an agreed-upon temperature is then determined and density of
tion statement is given in 8.1.1.1.
the contents calculated in terms of grams per millilitre, or
2. Referenced Documents pounds per gallon at the specified temperature.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.1 Densityisweightperunitvolume.Itisakeypropertyin
D 1963 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Drying Oils,
the identification, characterization, and quality control of a
Varnishes, Resins and Related Materials at 25/25°C
wide range of materials. Density measurements in terms of
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
weight per gallon are commonly used to check paint quality. If
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
the density is not within specification, there is a good chance
E 180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
that there was a mischarge or other serious problem.
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
5.2 This test method is suitable for the determination of
cialty Chemicals
density of paint and related products and components when in
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
liquid form. It is particularly applicable when the fluid has too
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
high a viscosity or when a component is too volatile for a
3. Terminology density balance determination.
5.3 This test method provides for the maximum accuracy
3.1 Definitions:
required for hiding power determinations. It is equally suitable
for work in which less accuracy is required, by ignoring the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
directions for recalibration and consideration of temperature
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
differentials, and using as the container a “weight-per-gallon”
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
cup.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 1475 – 98. 5.4 Automatic equipment for measuring density is available
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(see Test Method D 4052) from several manufacturers. Such
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
apparatushasbeenusedforresinsandlaticesaswellasforoils
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and solvents. Before such equipment is used for a given
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1475–98 (2003)
TABLE 1 Absolute Density of Water, g/mL
0.001 % of the weight of the container. Fingerprints on the
°C Density container will change the weight and must be avoided. Record
the weight, M, in grams.
15 0.999127
16 0.998971
8.1.1.1 Warning—Chromic acid cleaning solution is corro-
17 0.998772
sivetoskin,eyesandmucousmembranesandcancausesevere
18 0.998623
burns. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. In making
19 0.998433
20 0.998231
dilute solution, always add acid to water with care. Chromic
21 0.998020
acid cleaning solution is a strong oxidizer. Avoid contact with
22 0.997798
organic or reducing substances as a fire could results. See
23 0.997566
24 0.997324
supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet for further information.
25 0.997072
Other cleaners are much safer and may be equally effective.
26 0.996811
8.1.2 Fill the container with reagent water conforming to
27 0.996540
28 0.996260
Type II of Specification D 1193 at a temperature somewhat
29 0.995972
below that specified. Cap the container, leaving the overflow
30 0.995684
orifice open. Immediately remove excess overflowed water or
water held in depressions by wiping dry with absorbent
material. Avoid occluding air bubbles in the container.
product, results must be checked very carefully. Particularly
8.1.3 Bring the container and contents to the specified
with paints, inks, and resins, there are possibilities of gum-
temperature using the constant-temperature bath or room if
ming, fouling, and other interferences with operation.
necessary. This will cause further slight flow of water from the
6. Interferences overflow orifice due to the expansion of the water with the rise
of the temperature.
6.1 Highly viscous materials may entrap air and give
8.1.4 Remove the excess overflow by wiping carefully with
erroneous low density values.
absorbent material, avoiding wicking of water out of orifice,
6.2 Paint or ink liquids may be trapped in the ground glass
and immediately cap the overflow tube where such has been
or metal joints of the pieces of apparatus and give erroneous,
provided. Dry the outside of the container, if necessary, by
high density values.
wiping with absorbent material. Do not remove overflow that
occurs subsequent to the first wiping after attainment of the
7. Apparatus
desired temperature (Note 3). Immediately weigh the filled
7.1 Cup or Pycnometer—Any metal weight-per-gallon cup
container to the nearest 0.001 % of its weight (Note 4). Record
orglasspycnometermaybeused,providedthatitmaybefilled
this weight, N, in grams.
readilywithaviscousliquid,adjustedtoexactvolume,covered
to exclude loss of volatile matter, and readily cleaned.
NOTE 3—Handling the container with bare hands will increase the
temperature and cause more overflow from the overflow orifice, and will
NOTE 1—For materials that contain solvents that evaporate rapidly, a
also leave fingerprints; hence, handling only with tongs and with hands
glass pycnometer of the weld type, with a narrow stopper and a cover
protected by clean, dry, absorbent material is recommended.
should be used.
NOTE 4—Immediate and rapid weighing of the filled container is
7.2 Thermometers, graduated in 0.1°C, such as are supplied recommended here to minimize loss of weight due to evaporation of the
water through orifices, and from overflow subsequent to the first wiping
with glass pycnometers.
after attainment of temperature where this overflow is not retained by a
7.3 Constant-Temperature Bath, held at 25 6 0.1°C is
cap.
desirable.
8.1.5 Calculate the container volume as follows:
7.4 Laboratory Analytical Balance.
V 5 ~N 2 M!/r (1)
NOTE 2—The usual weight-per-gallon cup and similar specialized
pycnometers may have filled weights that exceed the capacity of the usual
where:
laboratory analytical balance. In such cases, use o
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.