ASTM E1030-00

Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a uniform procedure for radiographic examination of metallic castings using radiographic film as the recording medium.
1.2 Due to the many complex geometries and part configurations inherent with cast products, it is necessary to recognize potential limitations associated with obtaining complete radiographic coverage on castings. Radiography of areas where geometry or part configuration does not allow achievement of complete coverage with practical radiographic methods shall be subject to mutual agreements between purchaser and supplier. The use of alternative nondestructive methods for areas that are not conducive to practical radiography shall also be specifically agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.
1.3 The radiographic method is highly sensitive to volumetric discontinuities that displace a detectable volume of cast material. Discontinuities that do not displace an appreciable volume of material, however, such as cracks or other planar-type indications, may not be detected with radiography unless the radiation beam is coincidentally aligned with the planar orientation of the discontinuity. In view of this limitation, it may be considered appropriate to use the radiographic method in conjunction with additional nondestructive methods that maintain reliable detection capabilities for these types of discontinuities. The use of additional methods shall be specifically agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-2000
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.01 - Radiography (X and Gamma) Method

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1030-05 - Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E2033-17 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Computed Radiography (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E3166-20e1 - Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Metal Additively Manufactured Aerospace Parts After Build
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1742/E1742M-18 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1030–00
Standard Test Method for
Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1030; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method provides a uniform procedure for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
radiographic examination of metallic castings using radio- E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
graphic film as the recording medium. E155 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum
1.2 Due to the many complex geometries and part configu- and Magnesium Castings
rations inherent with cast products, it is necessary to recognize E186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2
potential limitations associated with obtaining complete radio- -in. (51 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
graphic coverage on castings. Radiography of areas where E192 ReferenceRadiographsforInvestmentSteelCastings
geometry or part configuration does not allow achievement of for Aerospace Applications
complete coverage with practical radiographic methods shall E272 Reference Radiographs for High-Strength Copper-
be subject to mutual agreements between purchaser and Base and Nickel-Copper Alloy Castings
supplier. The use of alternative nondestructive methods for E280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to
areas that are not conducive to practical radiography shall also 12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
be specifically agreed upon between purchaser and supplier. E310 Reference Radiographs for Tin Bronze Castings
1.3 Theradiographicmethodishighlysensitivetovolumet- E446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
ric discontinuities that displace a detectable volume of cast (51 mm) in Thickness
material. Discontinuities that do not displace an appreciable E505 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum
volume of material, however, such as cracks or other planar- and Magnesium Die Castings
type indications, may not be detected with radiography unless E543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
the radiation beam is coincidentally aligned with the planar Testing
orientation of the discontinuity. In view of this limitation, it E689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
may be considered appropriate to use the radiographic method E746 TestMethodforDeterminingRelativeImageQuality
in conjunction with additional nondestructive methods that Response of Industrial Radiographic Film
maintain reliable detection capabilities for these types of E 747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material
discontinuities. The use of additional methods shall be specifi- Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators
cally agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier. (IQI) Used for Radiology
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded E802 Reference Radiographs for Gray Iron Castings Up to
as standard. 4 ⁄2 in. (114 mm) in Thickness
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the E999 Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Ra-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the diographic Film Processing
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. cators (IQI) Used for Radiology
E1254 Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed
Industrial Radiographic Films
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on
E1815 Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
Industrial Radiography
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2000. Published February 2001. Originally
published as E1030–84. Last previous edition E1030–95.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Test
Method SE-1030 in Section II of that Code. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1030–00
2.2 ASNT/ANSI Standards: other requirements stipulated herein. Guide E94 contains
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi- provisions concerning exposure calculations and charts for the
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing use of X-ray sources.
CP-189 Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive 6.1.2 Gamma Radiation Sources—Isotope sources, when
Testing Personnel
used, shall be capable of demonstrating the required radio-
2.3 Other Standards: graphic sensitivity.
MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifica-
6.2 Film Holders and Cassettes—Filmholdersandcassettes
tion and Certification
shall be light-tight and shall be handled properly to reduce the
NAS 410 National Aerospace Standard Certification and
likelihood that they may be damaged. They may be flexible
Qualification of Nondestructive Test Personnel
vinyl, plastic, or any durable material; or, they may be made
from metallic materials. In the event that light leaks into the
3. Terminology
film holder and produces images on the film extending into the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
area of interest, the film shall be rejected. If the film holder
method, see Terminology E1316.
exhibits light leaks, it shall be repaired before reuse or
discarded. Film holders and cassettes should be routinely
4. Significance and Use
examined to minimize the likelihood of light leaks.
4.1 The requirements expressed in this test method are
6.3 Intensifying Screens:
intended to control the quality of the radiographic images, to
6.3.1 Lead-Foil Screens:
produce satisfactory and consistent results, and are not in-
6.3.1.1 Intensifying screens of the lead-foil type are gener-
tended for controlling the acceptability or quality of materials
allyusedforallproductionradiography.Lead-foilscreensshall
or products.
be of the same approximate area dimensions as the film being
used and they shall be in direct contact with the film during
5. Basis of Application
exposure.
5.1 The following items shall be agreed upon by the
6.3.1.2 For X-ray voltages between 200 kV and 1 MeV,
purchaser and supplier:
front and rear screen thicknesses shall be a minimum of 0.005
5.1.1 Nondestructive Testing Agency Evaluation—If speci-
in. (0.127 mm) thick. Below 200 kV, front screen thicknesses
fiedinthecontractualagreement,nondestructivetesting(NDT)
up to 0.005 in. and rear screen thicknesses of at least 0.005 in.
agencies shall be qualified and evaluated in accordance with
should be used if they improve radiographic quality. For
Practice E543. The applicable version of Practice E543 shall
isotope and high-voltage X-radiography (greater than 1 MeV)
be specified in the contractual agreement.
increased thicknesses may be appropriate for improvements in
5.1.2 Personnel Qualification—NDT personnel shall be
radiographic quality and should be used accordingly. Interme-
qualified in accordance with a nationally recognized NDT
diate screens (between multiloaded film) may be used if
personnel qualification practice or standard such as ANSI/
desired.
ASNT-CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, MIL-STD-410, NAS 410 or a
6.3.1.3 Sheetlead,withorwithoutbacking,usedforscreens
similar document. The practice or standard used and its
should be visually examined for dust, dirt, oxidation, cracking
applicable revision shall be specified in the contractual agree-
or creasing, foreign material or other condition that could
ment between the using parties.
render undesirable nonrelevant images on the film.
5.1.3 Requirements—General requirements (see 8.1, 8.2,
6.3.2 Fluorescent or Fluorometallic Screens:
8.5, and 8.7.4) shall be specified.
6.3.2.1 Fluorescent or fluorometallic screen may be used.
5.1.4 Procedure Requirements (see 9.1, 9.1.1, 9.3, and
However, they must be capable of demonstrating the required
9.7.7) shall be specified.
penetrameter (IQI) sensitivity.
5.1.5 Records—Record retention (see 12.1) shall be speci-
6.3.2.2 Screen Care—All screens should be handled care-
fied.
fully to avoid dents, scratches, grease, or dirt on active
surfaces. Screens that render false indications on radiographs
6. Apparatus
shall be discarded or reworked to eliminate the artifact.
6.1 Radiation Sources:
6.4 Filters—Filters shall be used whenever the contrast
6.1.1 X Radiation Sources—Selection of appropriate X-ray
reductions caused by low-energy scattered radiation or the
voltage and current levels is dependent upon variables regard-
extent of undercut and edge burn-off occurring on production
ingthespecimenbeingexamined(materialtypeandthickness)
radiographsisofsignificantmagnitudesoastocausefailureto
andeconomicallypermissibleexposuretime.Thesuitabilityof
meet the quality level or radiographic coverage requirements
these X-ray parameters shall be demonstrated by attainment of
stipulated by the job order or contract (see Guide E94).
requiredpenetrameter(IQI)sensitivityandcompliancewithall
6.5 Masking—Masking material may be used, as necessary,
to help reduce image degradation due to undercutting (see
Guide E94).
Available from the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, (ASNT),
1711 Arlingate Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228.
6.6 Penetrameters (IQI)—Unlessotherwisespecifiedbythe
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
applicable job order or contract, only those penetrameters that
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
comply with the design and identification requirements speci-
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc., 1250 Eye
Street N.W., Washington, DC 20005. fied in Practice E747 or Practice E1025 shall be used.
E1030–00
6.7 Shims and Separate Blocks—Shims or separate blocks quality level. (See Practice E1025 or Practice E747 for
made of the same or radiographically similar materials (as guidance in selection of quality level.)
defined in Method E1025) may be used to facilitate penetram-
8.5 Acceptance Level—Radiographic acceptance levels and
eter positioning. There is no restriction on shim or separate
associated severity levels shall be stipulated by the applicable
block thickness provided the penetrameter and area-of-interest
contract, job order, drawing, or other purchaser and supplier
density tolerance requirements of 9.7.6.2 are met.
agreement.
6.8 Radiographic Location and Identification Markers—
8.6 Radiographic Density Limitations— Radiographic den-
Leadnumbersandlettersareusedtodesignatethepartnumber
sity in the area of interest shall be within 1.5 to 4.0 for either
and location number. The size and thickness of the markers
single or superimposed viewing.
shall depend on the ability of the radiographic technique to
8.7 Film Handling:
image the markers on the radiograph. As a general rule,
8.7.1 Darkroom Facilities—Darkroom facilities should be
markers ⁄16 in. (1.58 mm) thick will suffice for most low
kept clean and as dust-free as practical. Safelights should be
energy (less than 1 MeV) X-ray and Iridium-192 radiography;
thoserecommendedbyfilmmanufacturersfortheradiographic
for higher energy radiography it may be necessary to use
materialsusedandshouldbepositionedinaccordancewiththe
markers that are ⁄8 in. (3.17 mm) or more thick.
manufacturer’s recommendations. All darkroom equipment
6.9 Radiographic Density Measurement Apparatus—Either
and materials should be capable of producing radiographs that
a transmission densitometer or a step-wedge comparison film
are suitable for interpretation.
shall be used for judging film density requirements. Step
8.7.2 Film Processing—Radiographic film processing shall
wedge comparison films or densitometer calibration, or both,
be controlled in accordance with Guide E999.
shall be verified by comparison with a calibrated step-wedge
8.7.3 Film Viewing Facilities—Viewing facilities shall pro-
film traceable to the National Institute of Standards and
vide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not
Technology.
cause troublesome reflections, shadows, or glare on the radio-
graph. The viewing light shall be of sufficient intensity to
7. Reagents and Materials
review densities up to 4.0 and be appropriately controlled so
7.1 Film Systems—Only film systems having cognizant
that the optimum intensity for single or superimposed viewing
engineering organization (CEO) approval or meeting the re-
of radiographs may be selected.
quirements of Test Method E1815 shall be used to meet the
8.7.4 Storage of Radiographs—Whenstorageisrequiredby
requirements of this test method.
the applicable job order or contract, the radiographs should be
stored in an area with sufficient environmental control to
8. Requirements
preclude image deterioration or other damage. The radiograph
8.1 Procedure Requirement—Unless otherwise specified by
storage duration and location after casting delivery shall be as
the applicable job order or contract, radiographic examination
agreed upon between purchaser and supplier. (See Guide
shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure.
E1254 for storage information.)
Specific requirements regarding the preparation and approval
of written procedures shall be dictated by a purchaser and
9. Procedure
supplier agreement. The procedure details should include at
9.1 Time of Examination—Unless otherwise specified by
least those items stipulated in Appendix X1. In addition, a
the applicable job order or contract, radiography may be
radiographic standard shooting sketch (RSS), Fig. X1.1, shall
performed prior to heat treatment and in the as-cast, rough-
be prepared similar to that shown inAppendix X1 and shall be
machined, or finished-machined condition.
available for review during interpretation of the film.
9.1.1 Penetrameter (IQI) Selection—Unless otherwise
8.2 Radiographic Coverage—Unlessotherwisespecifiedby
specified in the applicable job order or contract, penetrameter
a purchaser and supplier agreement, the extent of radiographic
(IQI)selectionshallbebasedonthefollowing:ifthethickness
coverage shall be the maximum practical volume of the
toberadiographedexceedsthedesignthicknessofthefinished
casting. Areas that require radiography shall be designated as
piece,thepenetrameter(IQI)sizeshallbebasedonathickness
illustrated in Figs. X1.2 and X1.3 of Appendi
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