ASTM D4974-01

Standard Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shrinkage of yarns and cords when exposed in a thermal shrinkage oven.
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns and cords made of nylon, polyester, and other polymers not detrimentally affected by the temperature used and with linear densities in the range from 20 to 700 tex (180 to 6300 denier).
1.2.1 Yarns or cords for testing may be taken from yarn or cord packages or from fabrics.
1.3 This test method shows values in both SI and inch-pound units. SI is the technically correct name for the system of units known as the International System of Units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values stated in either acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other, without combining values in any way. Referee decisions are to use SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2001
• ICS: 59.080.20 - Yarns
• ICS: 59.080.50 - Ropes
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4974-99 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM D4974-02 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4974 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a
1
Thermal Shrinkage Oven
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope adhesive-treated, heat-treated, or otherwise treated before use
(see cord).
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shrinkage
3.1.2 standard atmosphere for testing textiles,
of yarns and cords when exposed in a thermal shrinkage oven.
n—laboratory conditions for testing fibers, yarns, and fabrics in
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns and cords made
which air temperature and relative humidity are maintained at
of nylon, polyester, and other polymers not detrimentally
specific levels with established tolerances.
affected by the temperature used and with linear densities in the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—for tire cord and yarns, a relative
range from 20 to 700 tex (180 to 6300 denier).
humidity of 55 6 2 % and at a temperature of 24 6 1°C (75 6
1.2.1 Yarns or cords for testing may be taken from yarn or
2°F).
cord packages or from fabrics.
3.1.3 thermal shrinkage, n—of textile yarns and cords,
1.3 This test method shows values in both SI and inch-
contraction in length caused by heat.
pound units. SI is the technically correct name for the system
3.1.4 tire cord, n—a twisted or formed structure composed
of units known as the International System of Units. Inch-
of two or more single or plied industrial yarn elements having
pound units is the technically correct name for the customary
the same nominal twist, direction of twist, length, and tension.
units used in the United States. The values stated in either
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The direction of twist used to combine
acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded
the single or plied yarn elements into a cord construction is in
separately as standard. The values expressed in each system
the direction opposite to that used in the yarns. Frequently, tire
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be
and other reinforcing cords consist of a single yarn strand
used independently of each other, without combining values in
having little or no twist. These cords are used synonymously
any way. Referee decisions are to use SI units.
with twisted and plied cords in this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5 yarn, n—a generic term for a continuous strand of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fabric.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
3.2 Definitions—For the definitions of other textile terms
statements are given in Section 8.
used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 4.1 A relaxed, conditioned specimen of yarn or cord is
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
subjected to dry heat for a specified time while under a
D 885 Methods of Testing Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics,
specified tension. The percent shrinkage is read directly from a
and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
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scale or display on the instrument while the specimen is still
Organic-Base Fibers
2 under tension and exposed to heat.
D 1776 Conditioning Textiles for Testing
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of commercial shipments of yarns and cords. Caution is
3.1.1 greige cord, n—in tire cords, a cord that has been
advised because yarn and cord may contract in length over a
period of time due to room temperature retraction. Thermal
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
shrinkage values are reduced proportionately by the amount of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord and Fabrics.
room temperature retraction.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originally
published as D4974–99. Last previous edition D4974–99.
NOTE 1—Experience, especially with nylon, shows that yarn retraction,
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
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