ASTM D4974-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
Standard Test Method for Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a Thermal Shrinkage Oven
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shrinkage of yarns and cords when exposed in a thermal shrinkage oven.
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns and cords made of nylon, polyester, and other polymers not detrimentally affected by the temperature used and with linear densities in the range from 20 to 700 tex (180 to 6300 denier).
1.2.1 Yarns or cords for testing may be taken from yarn or cord packages or from fabrics.
1.3 This test method shows values in both SI and inch-pound units. SI is the technically correct name for the system of units known as the International System of Units. Inch-pound units is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. The values stated in either acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of each other, without combining values in any way. Referee decisions are to use SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.
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Designation: D 4974 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Hot Air Thermal Shrinkage of Yarn and Cord Using a
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Thermal Shrinkage Oven
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord, bead wire,
hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D 6477.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shrinkage
3.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to
of yarns and cords when exposed in a thermal shrinkage oven.
Terminology D 123.
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns and cords made
of nylon, polyester, and other polymers not detrimentally
4. Summary of Test Method
affected by the temperature used and with linear densities in the
4.1 A relaxed, conditioned specimen of yarn or cord is
range from 20 to 700 tex (180 to 6300 denier).
subjected to dry heat for a specified time while under a
1.2.1 Yarns or cords for testing may be taken from yarn or
specified tension. The percent shrinkage is read directly from a
cord packages or from fabrics.
scale or display on the instrument while the specimen is still
1.3 This test method shows values in both SI and inch-
under tension and exposed to heat.
pound units. SI is the technically correct name for the system
of units known as the International System of Units. Inch-
5. Significance and Use
pound units is the technically correct name for the customary
5.1 This test method may be used for the acceptance testing
units used in the United States. The values stated in either
of commercial shipments of yarns and cords. Caution is
acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded
advised because yarn and cord may contract in length over a
separately as standard. The values expressed in each system
period of time due to room temperature retraction. Thermal
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be
shrinkage values are reduced proportionately by the amount of
used independently of each other, without combining values in
room temperature retraction.
any way. Referee decisions are to use SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—Experience, especially with nylon, shows that yarn retraction,
which may be observed directly as shortening of length (or indirectly as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
denier increase), will occur in unrestrained yarn or cord that is not at
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
equilibrium (equilibrium in this case being defined as essentially zero
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
thermal shrinkage yarn or fully relaxed yarn). Normally, retractive forces
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
are present in most wound packages of yarn and cord; thus, unrestrained
statements are given in Section 8.
yarn near the surface is likely, with time, to undergo some retraction. After
retraction, such yarns exhibit lower thermal shrinkage values than yarn or
2. Referenced Documents
cord deeper within the package. The opposite condition of yarn on the
2.1 ASTM Standards: surface exists with yarn or cord wound against or near a rigid package
2
core, such as a metal or hardwood wind-up spool. Such core yarn or cord
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
cannot move against this restraint, and thus, will exhibit thermal shrinkage
D 885 Methods of Testing Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics,
values even several weeks later near to those which were measured
and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured
immediately from the surface of the freshly wound package. Elevated
2
Organic-Base Fibers
humidity will accelerate retraction of unrestrained yarn, but moisture
2
D 1776 Practice afor Conditioning Textiles for Testing
content in itself will have little influence on thermal shrinkage. Exposure
3
D 6477 Conditioning Textiles for Testing
of untensioned skeins of yarn or cord to 95 to 100 % relative humidity at
room temperature for two days and reconditioning under standard
3. Terminology
laboratory conditions will cause most of the room temperature retraction
that is possible within a sample to occur.
3.1 Definitions:
5.1.1 In case of differences of practical significance in
reported test results from two or more laboratories conduct
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord and Fabrics.
between them. Compete
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