ASTM D86-23a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.
5.2 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.
5.3 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.
5.4 Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.
5.5 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
Note 1: An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.2
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilit...
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D86 − 23a
Standard Test Method for
Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at
1
Atmospheric Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D86; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates,
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxy-
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
genates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels,
in their location.
diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels,
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 %
volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM
2
RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate
2. Referenced Documents
fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
quantities of residual material.
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated
edition of the standards indicated below, unless otherwise
instruments.
specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are
where earlier versions of the method(s) identified may be
to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
required.
are provided for information only.
3
2.2 ASTM Standards:
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products
(Reid Method)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility.
Fuels, and Lubricants
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123.
It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published February 2024. Originally
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as D86 – 23. DOI:
3
10.1520/D0086-23A. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may contact ASTM Customer Service at s
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D86 − 23 D86 − 23a
Standard Test Method for
Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at
1
Atmospheric Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D86; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch distillation
unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive
spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels,
biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and
2 burner fuels.
NOTE 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of
ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 % volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples
are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be
concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with
2
greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities
of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
provided for information only.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious
medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution
when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional
information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national
law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123. It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved March 1, 2023Dec. 1, 2023. Published March 2023February 2024. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 20202023
as D86 – 20b.D86 – 23. DOI: 10.1520/D0086-23.10.1520/D0086-23A.
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1694. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at service@astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D86 − 23a
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent edition of the
standards indicated below, unless otherwise specifie
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D86 − 23a
Standard Test Method for
Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at
1
Atmospheric Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D86; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
petroleum products and liquid fuels using a laboratory batch
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates,
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxy-
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
genates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels,
in their location.
diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 30 % volume, marine fuels,
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 % volume, 50 % volume, and 75 %
volume ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
method (with the exception of FBP of 75 % ethanol-fuel blends). On this
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 % volume ethanol. See ASTM
2
RR:D02-1694 for supporting data. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate
2. Referenced Documents
fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
quantities of residual material.
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated
edition of the standards indicated below, unless otherwise
instruments.
specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are
where earlier versions of the method(s) identified may be
to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
required.
are provided for information only.
3
2.2 ASTM Standards:
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products
(Reid Method)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility.
Fuels, and Lubricants
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123.
It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published February 2024. Originally
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as D86 – 23. DOI:
3
10.1520/D0086-23A. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1694. Contact ASTM Customer Standards volume information, refe
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.