ASTM E1434-00
(Guide)Standard Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
Standard Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides a guideline for the recording of mechanical test data for composite materials for inclusion in computerized material property databases. From this information and the composite material identification guide, the database designer should be able to construct the data dictionary preparatory to developing a database schema.
1.2 The recommended format described in this document is suggested for use in recording data in a database, which is different from contractual reporting of actual test results. The latter type of information is described in materials specifications shown in business transactions and is subject to agreement between vendor and purchaser.
1.3 These guidelines are specific to lamina/laminate tension, compression, and shear tests of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. These tests may include Test Methods D2344, D3039, D3410, D3552 and D5379, Practice D3518, and Guide D4255. The guidelines may also be useful for additional tests or materials.
1.4 Not covered within the scope of this guide are guidelines for the identification or description, or both, of the composite materials themselves; these are covered in separate documents.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1434–00
Standard Guide for
Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced
Composite Materials in Databases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This guide provides a common format for mechanical 2.1 ASTM Standards:
test data for composite materials for two purposes: (1)to D 790 TestMethodsforFlexuralPropertiesofUnreinforced
establish data reporting requirements for test methods and (2) and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
to provide information for the design of material property als
databases. This guide should be used in combination with D 2344 Test Method for Apparent Interlaminar Shear
Guide E 1309 which provides similar information to identify Strength of Parallel Fiber Composites by Short-Beam
the composite material tested. Method
1.2 These guidelines are specific to mechanical tests of D 3039/D 3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of
high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. Types of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
tests considered in this guide include tension, compression, D 3410/D 3410M Test Method for Compressive Properties
shear, flexure, open/filled hole, bearing, fracture toughness, of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported
and fatigue. The ASTM standards for which this guide was Gage Section by Shear Loading
developed are listed in 2.1. The guidelines may also be useful D 3479/D 3479M Test Method for Tension-Tension Fatigue
for additional tests or materials. of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
1.3 This guide is the second part of a modular approach for D 3518/D 3518M Practice for In-Plane Shear Stress-Strain
which the first part is Guide E 1309. Guide E 1309 serves to Response of Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composite
identify the material, and this guide serves to describe me- Materials by Tensile Test of a 645° Laminate
chanical testing procedures and variables and to record results. D 3552/D 3552M Test Method for Tensile Properties of
The interaction of this guide with Guide E 1309 is emphasized Fiber-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
bythecommonnumberingofdataelements.DataElementsA1 D 3878 Terminology of Composite Materials
through G13 are included in Guide E 1309 and numbering data D 4255/D 4255M Guide for Testing In-Plane Shear Proper-
elements in this guide begins with H1. ties of Composite Laminates
1.4 This guide with Guide E 1309 may be referenced by the D 5229/D 5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption
data-reporting section of a test method to provide common Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-
data-reporting requirements for the types of tests listed in 1.2. trix Composite Materials
1.5 From this information and Guide E 1309, the database D 5379/D 5379M Test Method for Shear Properties of
designer should be able to construct the data dictionary Composite Materials by the V-Notched Beam Method
preparatory to developing a database schema. D 5448/D 5448M Test Method for In-Plane Shear Proper-
1.6 Data elements in this guide are relevant to test data, data ties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylin-
as obtained in the test laboratory and historically recorded in ders
lab notebooks. Property data, data which have been analyzed D 5449/D 5449M Test Method for Transverse Compressive
and reviewed, require a different level of data elements. Data Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite
elements for property data are provided in Annex A1. Cylinders
D 5450/D 5450M Test Method forTransverseTensile Prop-
erties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite Cylin-
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite
ders
Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.01 on Editorial and
Resource Standards.
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally
published as E 1434 – 91. Last previous edition E 1434 – 99.
2 3
Documentation requirements for filled-hole tests were based on open-hole tests Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
with the addition of fastener identification and application information. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1434–00
D 5467 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Unidi- to form a useful engineering material possessing certain
rectional Polymer Matrix Composites Using a Sandwich properties not possessed by the constituents.
Beam 3.2.1.1 Discussion—A composite material is inherently in-
D 5528 Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture homogeneous on a microscopic scale but can often be assumed
Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer to be homogeneous on a macroscopic scale for certain engi-
Matrix Composites neering applications. The constituents of a composite retain
D 5766/D 5766M Test Method for Open Hole Tensile their identities; they do not dissolve or otherwise merge
Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates completely into each other, although they act in concert.
D 5961/D 5961M Test Method for Bearing Response of 3.2.2 data dictionary—a collection of the names of all data
Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates items used in a software system together with relevant prop-
D 6115 Test Method for Mode I Fatigue Delamination erties of those items; for example, length of data item, mode of
Growth Onset of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer representation, and so forth. (CODATA)
Matrix Composites 3.2.3 data element—one individual piece of information
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test- used in describing a material or to record test results, for
ing example, a variable name, test parameter, and so forth.
E 111 TestMethodforYoung’sModulus,TangentModulus, 3.2.4 database schema—in a conceptual schema language,
and Chord Modulus the definition of the representation forms and structure of a
E 1309 Guide for the Identification of Fiber-Reinforced database for the possible collection of all sentences that are in
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases the conceptual schema and in the information base, including
E 1471 Guide for the Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and manipulation aspects of these forms. (ANSI X3.172)
Core Materials in Computerized Material Property Data- 3.2.5 essential data element—adataelementinarecordthat
bases must be completed to make the record meaningful in accor-
E 1013 Terminology Relating to Computerized Systems dance with the pertinent guidelines or standard. (E 1443)
E 1443 Terminology Relating to Building and Accessing 3.2.5.1 Discussion—Data elements are considered essential
Material and Chemical Databases iftheyarerequiredtomakeacomparisonofpropertydatafrom
E 1484 Guide for Formatting and Use of Material and different sources meaningful. A comparison of data from
Chemical Property Data and Database Quality Indicators different sources may still be possible if essential information
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International is omitted, but the value of the comparison may be greatly
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System reduced.
2.2 Other Standards: 3.2.6 value set—anopenlistingofrepresentativeacceptable
ANSI X3.172–1996 Information Technology—American strings that could be included in a particular field of a record.
National Standard Dictionary of Information Technology (E 1443)
(ANSDIT) 3.2.6.1 Discussion—A closed listing of such strings is
CODATA A Glossary of Terms Relating to Data, Data called a domain or category set.
Capture, Data Manipulation, and Databases, CODATA 3.3 Other relevant terminology can be found in Terminolo-
Bulletin, Vol 23, Nos. 1–2, Jan.-June 1991 gies E 6 and E 1013.
ISO 8601 Data Elements and Interchange Formats—
4. Significance and Use
Information Interchange—Representation of Dates and
4.1 This guide provides recommended standard formats for
Times
the computerization of mechanical test data for a range of test
Recommended Method SRM 11R-94 SACMA Recom-
methods for high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materi-
mended Method for Environmental Conditioning of Com-
als. The types of mechanical tests considered are tension,
posite Test Laminates
compression, shear, flexure, open/filled hole, bearing, fracture
Recommended Method SRM 1–88 SACMARecommended
toughness, and fatigue. The ASTM standards for which this
Method for Compressive Properties of Oriented Fiber-
guide was developed are listed in 2.1. The recommended
Resin Composites
formats are not limited in use to these test methods. There are
3. Terminology
other test methods for which these recommended formats may
3.1 Definitions—Terminology in accordance with Termi-
be useful.
nologies D 3878 and E 1443 shall be used where applicable. 4.2 Comparison of data from various sources will be most
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
meaningful if all of the elements are available.
3.2.1 composite material—a substance consisting of two or 4.3 The intent is to provide sufficient detail that values are
more materials, insoluble in one another, which are combined
known for the testing variables that may influence the results.
The motivation for this guide is the steadily increasing use of
5 computerized databases. However, this guide is equally appro-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
priate for data stored in a hard-copy form.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
4.4 Thisformatisformechanicaltestdataforhigh-modulus
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
fiber-reinforced composites only. It does not include the
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
recommended material description or the presentation of other
Suppliers of Advanced Composite Materials, 1600 Wilson Blvd., Suite 901,
Arlington, VA 22209. specific types of test data (such as fracture toughness test
E1434–00
results). These items are covered by separate formats to be computerized data storage systems from which machine-
referenced in material specifications or other test standards. readabledatabaseswillbedeveloped.Thesearenotintendedto
be requirements of any specific database, but if available, are
5. Data Reporting
likely to be valuable to engineers or material specialists
5.1 This guide is intended to provide common data-
building databases for various applications.
reporting requirements for the documents listed in 1.2. Each
6.2 It is recognized that many databases are prepared for
document will reference this guide and identify any usage
specific applications, and individual database builders may
specific to that document in the data-reporting section. For
elect to omit certain pieces of information considered to be of
example,TestMethodD 3410requiresthatthetransitionstrain
no value for that specific application. However, there are a
be reported as the progressive damage parameter. These
certain minimum number of data elements considered essential
requirements do not mean that the information must be
to any database, without which the user will not have sufficient
reported separately for each specimen. Any data elements that
information to interpret the data reasonably. In the recom-
arethesameforaseriesofspecimensmaybereportedoncefor
mended standard format, these data elements are indicated by
theentireseries,aslongasitisclearlyindicatedthattheyapply
levelsofrequirementofETorEMasdefinedinSection8.Data
to all specimens.
elements that are considered essential depending on the value
5.2 The levels of requirement defined in Section 8 and
of another data element are generally considered essential for
identified in Table 1 apply to the data reporting for the
database design.
appropriate test type: tension, compression, shear, flexure,
6.3 The presentation of this format does not represent a
open/filled hole, bearing, fracture toughness, and fatigue. The
requirement that all of the elements of information included in
cost of acquiring and storing the data documentation is
the recommendation must be included in every database.
recognized. Less extensive data reporting requirements may be
Rather it is a guide as to those elements of information
established for a given program or purpose upon agreement of
the parties involved. recommended for inclusion in all databases; that fact should
5.3 In some cases, a data element may be considered not discourage database builders and users from proceeding so
essential or required depending on the value in another data long as the minimum basic information is included (based on
element. For example, if Data Element H13, the method of
the level or requirement). Compared to the formats for record-
calculating modulus, is “Tangent,” then Data Element H15, the ingtestdataformetals,therearemanymoredataelements,and
initial strain for the modulus calculation is required (ET). In
more data elements are identified as essential. This relatively
this case, Data element H16, the final strain for the modulus
large number of data elements is due to the complexity of the
calculation, is not required.This dependence is shown inTable
materials and the test methods. These data elements represent
2 by placing the number of the triggering data element, in
informationthatmayinfluencetheresultsofthetestoridentify
parentheses, in the requirement level column of the dependent
potential problem areas when considering a material for a
element. The dependent data elements are required for data-
specific application. These requirements do not mean that
base design.
separate records for individual specimens must include all data
5.4 In addition, for data reporting, some data elements are
elements. A database specific to a project or to common
essential only if measured. For example, strain-to-failure in a
practice within an organization may be structured so that
tension test can be reported only if an extensometer or strain
values for data elements that are the same for a group of
gage was used. If strain-to-failure was measured, it should be
specimens need only be entered once, as long as it is clearly
reported.
indicated that they apply to all specimens in the group.
5.5 The information that is considered essential may not
6.4 It is not uncommon for one or more elements of
always be available. For example, strain-to-failure cannot be
essential information to be unavailable, as noted i
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